2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit4Everydayeconomics突破语法大冲关教用文档教案外研版选择性必修第四册

PAGEUnit4Everydayeconomics定语从句一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句[视察例句]1．Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.2．Thosewhoexpecttheworstarelesslikelytobedisappointed.3．Hisfavoritehobbiesareswimmingandgardening，whichhavebecomeanecessarypartofhislife.4．Myfatherwaseasilycheated，whichsurprisedme.5．Thereasonwhyhefailedintheexamwasthathedidn'tstudyhard.6．WethenmovedtoParis，wherewelivedforsixyears.[归纳用法]1．引导定语从句的有关系代词(who，whom，that，which，as)、关系副词(where，when，why)和介词＋关系代词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。2．定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句(如例1、例2、例5)和非限制性定语从句(如例3、例4、例6)。3．限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不行缺少的定语，假如去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。该从句与主句的关系非常亲密，和先行词之间没有逗号分开，作宾语的关系代词通常可以省略。4．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作附加补充说明，假如去掉，主句的意思仍旧清晰完整。该从句与主句的关系不是很亲密，和先行词之间有逗号分开；不能用why引导，一般不用that引导；关系代/副词均不行省略。5．定语从句的先行词可以是一个词(如例2、例6)、几个词(如例1、例3、例5)或整个句子(如例4)。[名师点津](一)关系代词的用法关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语(可省略)、表语、状语(可省略)which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)as人或物主语、宾语1.关系代词通常用that的状况：(1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?(2)先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，theonly，thevery，thelast等修饰时ThisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgamesthatIhaveeverseen.(3)先行词既有人又有物时Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.(4)定语从句出现在which或who开头的特别疑问句中时Whichisthebikethatyoulost?(5)有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词用了which时Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory，whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.(6)先行词在主句中作表语，关系代词在从句中作表语时。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.(7)主句是therebe句型且关系词在从句中作主语时Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillavailable.(8)先行词为theway，关系代词在从句中作状语时Ihatethewaythatshealwayscriticizesme.2．关系代词只用which的状况：(1)引导非限制性定语从句Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers，which，ofcourse，madetheothersenvyhim.(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.(二)关系副词的用法关系副词先行词句法功能when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why缘由缘由状语当先行词为situation，case，stage，point等表示抽象意义的词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where。(三)which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区分whichas只能放在主句的后面位置敏捷，可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等意为“这一点”意为“正如……，正像……的那样”[即学即练1]单句语法填空①Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.②Theresultwasnotthesameastheyhadexpected，whichwasratherdisappointing.③Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.④TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.⑤Mydaughter，whosejobrequireshertodoalotoftravelling，isalwaysawayfromhome.⑥Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句[视察例句]1．Thisdependsonthepurposeforwhichtheexhauststeamisused.2．Inthedarkstreettherewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.3．Wefirstattendedtheopeningparade，forwhichourclasshadmadealotofpreparations.4．HeistellingastoryofLeiFeng，ofwhomeveryoneofusisproud.5．Recently，Iboughtanancientvase，thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.6．Hehastencousins，theyoungestofwhomisveryclever.7．Lilymightpossiblycome，inwhichcaseI'llaskher.8．Thereisabigwindowinmyroom，fromwhereIcanseetherailwaystation.[归纳用法]1．介词后的关系代词只用which或whom。2．介词的选用受到三个方面的制约：(1)介词与先行词的搭配习惯(如例1中的forthepurpose)；(2)介词是从句中谓语的组成部分(如例2中的turnto，例4中的isproudof)；(3)句子意思表达的须要(如例3)。3．“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”可用“whose＋名词”替换(如例5中可换为whoseprice)4．“形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词”可以引导定语从句(如例6)。另外，“数词/some，many，most，each等不定代词＋of＋关系代词”也可以引导定语从句。5．有时为了表达清晰，用“介词＋关系副词”引导定语从句(如例8)。6．“介词＋关系代词＋名词”引导定语从句，是句子意思表达的须要(如例7)。[名师点津]as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；such(pron.)＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；thesame＋名词＋as(和……同样的)。Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.Ihavethesamebookashehas.[即学即练2]单句语法填空①Theboyhasboughtatelescope，throughwhichhecanlookatthestars.②Materialcollectingtookusawholeweek，duringwhichweinterviewedourteachersandtookpicturesofeveryaspectofschoollife.③TherearealotofskyscrapersinNewYork，forwhichitisfamous.④Thisisthedayonwhichhedidtheexperiment.⑤TherecanbefewstreetsinLondoninwhichyoucannotbuybooks.⑥Takepartinactivitiesatschool，throughwhichyoucanmakemorefriends.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．UNAIDSalsoteachesyoungpeoplehowtopreventAIDS，andsetuptreatmentcenterswheremotherswithHIVcanreceivemedicinetohelpkeepthemfrompassingHIVontotheirchildren.2．AtthattimeIwasinTexasandIhadafriendwhosefamilybusinesswasrunninghotels.3．Therearecertaindatesthroughouttheyearwhentheentirecountrytakesavacationatthesametime.4.Thiswomanhassetagoodexampletoherson，whoisareallyluckyguy.5．Thewatch，whichwasagiftfromhisfather，wasveryimportanttohimandhewasdeterminedtofindit.6．Thesettlementishometonearly1，000people，manyofwhomlefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.7．Hewrotesomeofhismostpopularwaltzes，amongwhichwasthewell­knownfavouriteTheBlueDanube.8．Ofcourse，therearetimewhenweneedtotravellongdistances.9．Readinghasalotofadvantages，oneofwhichisthatithelpsyoudevelopreadingskills.10．Giftshopsinmuseumsusedtobethelaststopofeachvisit，wherepeoplewouldbuysouvenirsforthemselvesandtheirfriends.Ⅱ.短文语法填空Thefilm1.thatiscalledTitanicissuchabeautifulandsadlovestory2.asispopularwiththepublic，3.whoseheroandheroineareJackandRoss.Rossisayoungbeautifulwomanwith4.whomhermotherwenttoAmerica.Jack，5.whowonashipticketbyplayingcards，isapoorpainter.TheymetandfellinlovewitheachotheronTitanic6.wheretheyhadahappytime.Sadly，thenicejourneywasdestroyedbyanunexpectedstorm，7.whenJacklosthislifeforsavingRoss(e