2025版高考英语一轮复习选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity学案含解析新人教版

PAGEUnit1Alandofdiversity————[单元主题语境]———人与自然之主要国家地理概况(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)话题：介绍书籍词数：302难度：★★★★Inthemid­1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea：LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway：Rustam,histranslator,alovely24­year­oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha，hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell­roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，介绍了TomBissell写的一本关于咸海和他旅行经验的书。8．WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?A．Hisfriends'invitation. B．Hisinterestinthecountry.C．Hisloveforteaching. D．Hisdesiretoregainhealth.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthe...”可知，是他对乌兹别克斯坦的爱好促使他回到这个国家。答案：B9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A．Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B．TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C．WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D．WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.解析：代词指代题。依据其次段的第一句话“然而，他的访问最终涉及的远不止于此”可推知that指代上一段的最终一句话也就是他去那里的目的，即写一篇关于theAralSea消逝的文章，故选D。答案：D10．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?A．Romantic. B．Eventful.C．Pleasant. D．Dangerous.解析：推理推断题。依据文中的其次、三段，特殊是第三段他被警察怀疑贩毒，参与了惊奇的葬礼，后来又突然遭受沙尘暴、疾病，渔船困在了海里等这样的经验可推知他的乌兹别克斯坦之旅是“多事故的”，故选B。答案：B11．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tointroduceabook. B．Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C．Torememberawriter. D．Torecommendatraveldestination.解析：写作目的题。分析文章结构可知，作者先引出书的名字，在其次、三段对书作了简洁介绍，以及最终对书进行评价，故作者的目的就是介绍一本书。故选A。答案：A一、语言实力熟词生义/词类活用1．loseone'smind精神错乱，不能自制2．pickup偶然习得3．getatasteof亲身感受4．saddenvt.使哀痛；使难受；使难受5．well­roundedadj.丰满的；四平八稳的；(语句)有表达力的6．decidedlyadv.的确；确定；明显二、思维品质1．阅读技巧——归纳不同文章，巧解文章写作目的题不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的，但写作目的通常有三种：第一种消遣读者，让人发笑(toentertainreaders)，常见于故事类的文章；其次种劝服读者接受某种观点(topersuadereaders)，常见于广告类的文章；第三种告知读者某些信息(toinformreaders)，常见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类的文章。归纳文章的写作目的依靠于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以归纳。例如第11题，文章第一段提到，TomBissell在几年之后回到乌兹别克斯坦，想写一篇关于咸海消逝的文章，结果写成了一本书。接下来其次、三段具体介绍了书中的内容，最终一段是对这本书的总体评价。由此可知，文章的写作目的是介绍一本书，故选A项。2．分析长难句并翻译句子Hencethisbook，ChasingtheSea：LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia，whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan，wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.[分析]句中hence后干脆跟了名词短语thisbook，表示结果；ChasingtheSea：LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia是thisbook的同位语；关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thisbook；where是关系副词，引导非限制性定语从句修饰fromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan。[翻译]因此有了这本书：《追逐大海：迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵中》，它讲解并描述了一次从塔什干到卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦的马路之旅，在那里，由于海水的缓慢干枯，数百万人的生命被毁。三、文化素养思索：通过阅读这篇文章，你认为应如何看待国外的历史、传统与文化？我们应运用辩证思维观赏外国历史、传统与文化，开阔视野。授课提示：对应学生用书第227页NO.1单词——在语境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词…………[先识记]请依据汉语提示完成下列词块1．hireacar租汽车2．occurmoreorless时时常地发生3．graspthemeaning领悟意思4．despitenumerousattempts尽管多次尝试5．areformedcharacter改过自新的人6．aboomincarsales汽车销售额的剧增7．amostfascinatingbook一本极其令人着迷的书8．acontinuedslipinhouseprices房价持续下跌9．asenseofjustice正义感10．allpossiblemeans全部可能的方法[再拓展]请填入括号内单词的正确形式1．HeindicatedthatanindicatorshouldgivemesomeindicationsofhowIdidinthetest.(indicate)2．Hewontheelectionandwaselectedpresidentofthecountry.(elect)3．Apparently，shetooknonoticeoftheapparentmistakesintheaccident.(apparent)4．Theresultsofthesurveyfellintodistinctgroups.Theoldwerescholarsofgreatdistinctionwhiletheyoungweretheopposite.(distinct)5．Ifacustomerwantstobringthegoodshebuysabroadbacktoinland，hehastopaysomecustomswhenhepassesthroughtheCustoms.(custom)6．OneofthemajorproblemsisthatamajorityofthegraduateswhomajorinEnglishfinditdifficulttofindagoodjob.(majority)7．AlltheapplicantscanapplyinpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheirapplicationsbeforeMay6th.(apply)8．“Walkacrossthisstreetandturnleftatthefirstcrossing，”theboytoldthelady.(cross)9．—Whatisthemeaningofthesignonthebottle?—Itmeans“thissideup”．(mean)10．Somesocialistsbelievethatsocialismwillovertimeturnintowhattheyseeasamoreadvancedsystemwithnostate.(social)02阅读单词…………标注不相识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆□strait□Arctic□ministry□mourn□federal□aircraft□nephew□bakery□cattle□rail□percentage□cable□shave□tram□brake□ferry□seagull□angle□civil□authority□insertNO.2短语——在拼法中记牢，在联想中积累[必会短语]请依据汉语提示完成下列词块1．makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等2．liveon接着存在；接着生存3．markoutthepoints标出要点4．keepupthecourage鼓起志气5．bymeansofatunnel通过一条通道6．applyforascholarship申请奖学金7．takeinoldladies欺瞒老太太们8．agreat/goodmanyclosefriends很多密切的挚友9．teamupwithfriends和挚友一起工作10．standbacktoback背靠背地站着[词汇积累]1．单复数意义不同的名词小结①custom(风俗)→Customs(海关)②manner(方式)→manners(礼貌)③paper(纸)→papers(文件)④art(艺术)→arts(文科)⑤arm(手臂)→arms(武器)⑥brain(脑袋)→brains(脑力)⑦work(工作)→works(作品；工厂)⑧short(短的)→shorts(短裤)2．与“雇用；辞退”有关的词汇①hirevt.&n．雇用②employvt.雇用③takeon雇用④firevt.解雇⑤dismissvt.解雇⑥dischargevt.辞退⑦layoff解雇⑧turnaway解雇NO.3句式——在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请依据提示完成下列句子1．Itislikelythat...“有可能……”另一方面，它更有可能导致过度焦虑。Ontheotherhand，itismorelikelythatitwillresultinover­anxiety.2．Thatiswhy...“那就是……的缘由”我读了关于你们学校英文报纸改革的消息，那就是我写信来谈谈我的看法的缘由。Ireadaboutthereformofyourschool'sEnglishnewspaper,andthat'swhyI'mwritingtovoicemyopinion.3．It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句据报道，这部电影在国外很受欢迎。ItisreportedthatthefilmiswellreceivedoutsideChina.(2024·高考江苏卷)授课提示：对应学生用书第228页1．meansn．手段；方法[文化金句]You'dbetterpracticeusingchopsticksinadvance，whichisalsoameansofshowingyourgoodtablemanners.(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)你最好事先练习用筷子，这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。[归纳拓展](1)bythismeans通过这种方法bymeansof用……方法；借助……byallmeans确定；务必；好的；当然可以bynomeans决不；一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)byanymeans无论如何；总之(2)ameansofcommunication一种通讯/沟通工具[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Watchingfilmsisregardedasagoodmeansofentertainment.②Theyhavetriedallmeans，whichpossiblyare(be)helpful，butunfortunatelynotameanshas(have)workedsofar.实力提升——完成语段③Byanymeans，asstudents，weshouldmasteraforeignlanguagebymeansofourdiligence.What'smore，bynomeansshouldwewasteouryouth.无论如何，作为学生，我们应当借助我们的勤奋驾驭一门外语。并且，我们决不应当奢侈我们的青春。[实战贴士]means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。表示做某事的方法，means后常接ofdoingsth.，一般不接不定式。2．majorityn．大多数；大半[名人名言]Wheneveryoufindyourselfonthesideofthemajority,itistimetopauseandreflect.—MarkTwain每当你发觉自己站在大多数人一边时，就是停下来反思的时候了。——马克·吐温[归纳拓展](1)a/themajorityof...大多数……inthe/amajority占多数(2)majorn．&v．专业；主修majorin主修……；以……为专业(3)minorityn．少数[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空/完成句子①Themajorityoffailuresoccur(occur)becausethisprincipleisignored.②Imajoredinarchitecture，andthenItooksomecoursesinmarketing.③There'resomepeopleopposedtotheplan，andtheyareina/themajority(占多数)．实力提升——词汇升级④Whenitcomestoeducation，mostpeoplebelievethatitisalifetimestudy.→Whenitcomestoeducation，themajorityofpeoplebelievethatitisalifetimestudy.[实战贴士]themajorityof后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后接不行数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；后接集合名词作主语时，若集合名词视为整体，则谓语动词用单数；若集合名词考虑个体，则谓语动词用复数。3．electvt.选择；确定做某事；选举某人[写作佳句]IfIamluckyenoughtobeelected，Iwillmakeeveryefforttoserveforthebenefitsofstudentsandourclub.假如我够幸运当选的话，我会尽一切努力为学生和我们的俱乐部服务。[归纳拓展](1)electsb.(as/tobe)＋职位＝beelected(as/tobe)＋职位(职位前无冠词)electtodo...选择或确定……(2)electionn．选举[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Besides，IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthatIamelectedasassistanttomyEnglishteacher.②Thegovernmentismadeupofmenandwomenelected(elect)bythepeopleofthecountry.③IfIamluckyenoughtowintheelection(elect)，thefirstthingIwilldoistoenrichourstudents'after­classactivities.实力提升——完成句子④ItissaidthatonlytwostudentswillbeelectedtotakepartinthecomingEnglishspeechcontest.据说只有两名学生将被选出去参与即将到来的英语演讲竞赛。4．occurvi.发生；出现[写作佳句]ItoccurredtomethatIstillhadthingstodo，soIwentbacktomyofficeatonce.我突然想起还有事情要做，因此我马上回到了办公室。[归纳拓展](1)sth.occurstosb.某人突然想起某事；某人发生某事Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb.that...某人突然想起……Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人突然想起做某事(2)occurrencen．发生；出现[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Iwasgoingalongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccidentoccurred(occur)．②AgoodideaoccurredtomewhenIwokeupthismorning.实力提升——一句多译我突然想起我应当彻底打扫房间。③ItoccurredtomethatIshouldgivetheroomsathoroughcleaning.④IthitmethatIshouldgivetheroomsathoroughcleaning.⑤ItstruckmethatIshouldgivetheroomsathoroughcleaning.[实战贴士]occur结构中主语不能是人，而是想到的事情或it。5．makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生[写作佳句]Themanwhocanmakealifebyhishobbyishappy.以爱好谋生的人是华蜜的。[归纳拓展](1)make/earna/one'sliving谋生(2)live/leada(n)．..life过着……生活come(back)tolife醒悟；变得活跃；复原生气bring...backtolife使……醒悟过来；给……活力[实战演练]基础练透——短语填空①Youmakealivingbywhatyouget.②Ilovetowatcheverythingcomingtolifeagaininthespring.实力提升——翻译句子③但她从未放弃，努力过着主动的生活。Butshenevergaveupandstruggledtolead/liveanactivelife.6．takein包括；汲取；理解；欺瞒；收留[文化金句]IadviseyoutolearnthehistoryoftheTangDynastyinadvance，whichwillhelpyoubettertakeinthepoemstobelearned.我建议你提前了解唐代的历史，这会帮助你更好地理解你要学的诗歌。[归纳拓展]takeback收回；取回takeoff起飞；匆忙离去；脱下；突然胜利takeon呈现；雇用takeup占去；占据；起先从事[实战演练]基础练透——一词多义①Thisisthetotalcostoftheholiday,takingeverythingin.包括②Don'tbetakeninbyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.欺瞒③Ifounditeasytotakeinwhattheprofessorhadsaid.理解④Hewashomeless，sowetookhimin.收留实力提升——完成句子⑤Hedidn'ttakeinwhathereadbecausehismindwasfocusedonsomethingelse.他没有领悟他阅读的东西，因为他的思想集中在其他事情上。⑥Therewillbemanychallengesahead,butIhaveconfidencethatI'lltakeontheburden.尽管前面有很多挑战，但我有信念勇挑重担。7．This/Thatiswhy...这/那就是……的缘由[教材原句]Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.这就是为什么今日有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或其次语言。[归纳拓展](1)This/Thatiswhy...这/那就是为什么……(why从句表示结果)(2)This/Thatisbecause...这/那是因为……(because从句表示缘由)(3)Thisisthereasonwhy...这就是……的缘由。(4)Thereasonwhy...isthat...……的缘由是……(why引导定语从句；that引导表语从句。留意：that不行换成because)[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Tomwasverylazy.Thatwaswhyheneverachievedanythinginhislife.②Tomcamelateforthemeeting.Thatwasbecausehewasill.实力提升——句型转换Thereasonwhyhehashadsuchasuccessisthathenevergivesup.→③Henevergivesup；thisis(thereason)whyhehashadsuchasuccess.→④Hehashadsuchasuccess；thisisbecausehenevergivesup.授课提示：对应学生用书第230页[教材与高考]Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词1．阅读词汇认知①(2024·高考全国卷Ⅲ)It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim，butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.vt.表明②(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.adj.苛刻的③(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.n.驾驭2．一词多义①(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)TheenvironmentalchallengesaresignificantbuttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobepayingoff.CA.权威 B．权力C．当局②(全国卷Ⅰ)Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil­rightsmovement.AA．公民的 B．国内的C．民间的③(北京卷)TheywouldhavethemedicinesentbyrailfromAnchoragetoNenana.AA．铁路 B．扶手C．横条④(四川卷)Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.CA．海关 B．关税C．风俗⑤(四川卷)Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.BA．包括 B．汲取C．理解Ⅱ.语言运用高频点1．语法填空①(2024·高考浙江卷)ElliandIfearedthefencewouldn'tlastthrough30moreminutesofthebear'spunishment(punish)．②(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)However,themajority(major)ofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.③(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehired(hire)eachyearinavarietyofsummerpositions.④(2024·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Askquestions,butmakesuretheyaregood,thoughtful(think)questions.⑤(2024·高考全国卷Ⅲ)ThemusicfestivalcanhelpyouhaveagoodgraspofChinesefolkmusic.2．完形填空①(2024·高考全国卷Ⅱ)HewasunconsciousandasIlookedathisface,something52tome.Thosebrowneyeswereveryfamiliar.“What'shisname？”Iaskedtheinstructor.“Ben，”hereplied,andimmediatelyIknew.Thatstrangerwasmyson!A．happened B．occurredC．applied D．appealed解析：下文提到被救的年轻人正是作者的儿子，因此这里表示作者看着昏迷不醒的年轻人，突然想到一件事。somethingoccurredtosb.表示“某人突然想到某事”。答案：B②(安徽卷)Igratefullysatdownwiththeoldladyandwehadahappylunchtogether.AsthemealdrewtoaclosesheaskedhowlongIwouldbeinOrlando.IhadalreadytoldherthatIhadn't46aA．donated B．repairedC．hired D．guided解析：最终一句意为：“我”已经告知她“我”没有租用(hired)小汽车