中英文翻译-煤与瓦斯突出预报研究现状综述

TheSummarizedStatusQuoOfTheCoalAndGasProminentForecastingStudy1coalandgasprominentmechanismsMechanisticstudiesonprominent,canbedividedintotwostages,namelythesearchforearlystageandhighlightthefactorsinfluencingtherecentexplorationprominentroleprocessstage.（1）Themainpointoftheearlyscholarsare:theroleofgas,andstresstheroleoftheory,integratedhypothesis.Integratedhypothesismorecomprehensiveconsiderationofaprominentdrivingforce(tostress,andgas)andresistance(coalintensity),thetwomainfactors,anddomesticandforeignscholarsgenerallyacceptedthatifacertainregiontostressisgreater,gascontent(pressure)higher,moresoftcoal,theregionhighlightthegreaterrisk.Extraction,locatedontheprominent,tostressandhighlight,gasandcoalphysicalnatureofthemechanicsoftheoriginalvalueoftheparameters,isalsolocatednearalargeextentdependsontheparametersofchange,namely,locatednearcoalYanstress,thepressuredistributionofgasandcoalchangesthenatureofphysicalstrength.Workingsidebeforethegreaterstressandgaspressuregradient,thelesscoalintensitybecomes,thegreateristheriskismuchconspicuous.（2）Mostscholarsbelieveismoreprominentroleintheprocessoffactors,basedonthis,manyscholarslaunchedgascoalcontainingspecificphysicaldestructionprocessresearch.①centerexpansiondoctrine.CoalandgasprominentfromadistanceawayfromtheDepartment,locatedatthecenter,thensurroundingexpansionbylaunchingcenteraroundarockacoalgassystemtoprovideenergyandinvolvementincoalandgasprominentlocationstostress,thepressureofgas,coalandthecoalisofrelativelybodystructureisuneven,aprominentcenterforatstressfocus,coalbodiescontributetothecreationoflargelowpermeabilitygaspressuregradient.CoalandgascontaininggasishighlightedinamovingcoaleffecttostressandporegasgascouplingaliteraryprocessinthepreparationstagetohighlightgascoalcontainingbodydamageoccurredRubianformedfissuresnetaftercross-gasenergywashedcoalphysicaldamageoccurredtohighlightthesalientpointsoftheextensiongivenagoodexplanation.②Fluidchangeshypothesis.Coalandgasarehighlightedinamovetocontaintheimpactofcoalgastostresscoupledwithagasporegasdevelopmentsprocess,inthepreparatoryphasecontaininggascoalprominentbodydamageoccurredRubianformedfissuresnetaftercoalgasenergyintocross-tornbodyofprominent,giventheperspectiveofanoutstandinggoodexplanation.③SecureflowcoupledShiwenhypothesis.Highlightisthebodyinthecoalcontaininggasextractionactivities,thelocalrapid,suddendestructiongenerationphenomenon,adeepandtheincreaseingaspressurewillhighlightthedangersoftheincrease..④Spheroidshelllosestabilityhypothesis.Theprocessistohighlighttherealstressdamagecoalphysical,andthereleaseofgascoalbody,andtheexpansionofgastocoalSportsfissuresformedSpheroidshelllosestabilitydestructionprocess.Coalphysicaldamageto42,164warrantscoalshellformation,expansionandShiwenoutforthemaincharacter.2prominentforecastingmethodsManyprominentscholarsaboutdomesticandabroad,throughstudyofthephenomenonanditsprecursors,havemademanyprominentforecastingmethodsthathaveoccurredinthefightagainstprominentandconspicuousdisasterlossreductionhasplayedanimportantrole.（1）Usetemperaturesforecastprominent.Coalbedinthehighlandsofstress(orhighstressconcentration)andtheroleofhigh-pressuregas,andgasadsorptionbysqueezingout,surroundingrockandcoalbodytemperaturetorise;Atthesametime,coalresponsetohighbodygatheredforamaximumdrillingdrillingthere,caughtdrilling,drillingandsprayedKongcardssuchprominentriskwarningphenomenon,anddrillingfootagehasslowed,drillingholeswithbitsofcoalwallfrictiontimegrowth,therebydrillingscraptemperaturerise.Tuesdaysteadythroughanalysisofcoalandgasprominentprocesstemperaturechangesofthemainfactorsistostress,pressureandcoalgasintensitybody,andthustemperaturereflectstheoutstandingcombinedrole,hefurtherdiscoveredthroughlaboratoryresearch,highlightingprocess,coalbodytemperaturetoriseafterloweringthatbodytemperaturethroughcontinuousobservationofcoaltoachieveoutstandingforecasting.Liangicethroughnumericalsimulationresultsalsoshowthatwhenthetemperaturegradientchangesinthelarger,coalandgaswilloccuroutstanding.ButsomescholarsofcoalgasasanevaluationbodytemperatureprominentriskindicatorsarguethatdrillingtemperatureandthetemperaturemarginPikmainlycoalminesaffectedbyatmospherictemperatureandwindismuchforthevolumeeffects.Andthecoalbedgasprominentrisknot.（2）Accordingtoelectromagneticradiationforecastingprominent.20Inthe1990s,Ho-autumn,Liucited,suchasforcoal,Wangenmillionlowintensityelectromagneticradiationeffectsbrokenrockdeformationstudied.Studieshaveshownthatelectromagneticradiationandtheloadofcoalandrockdeformationisabreakdownprocessassociatedbasicallywiththeloadanddeformationbrokentheincreaseinintensity.Furtherstudyalsofoundthattheriskofaprominentcoalbed,theintensityofelectromagneticradiation(worth),orpulseafewmorenoapparentincreasedrisk,andincreasingtrend.Linhaiyancontaininggas,coalfracturethroughthegeomagneticradiationexperimentsstudyfoundthatdamagefrombrokencoalgascontainingelectromagneticradiationdirectlyreflectstheworkofextractionofcoalbedsidebeforetheedgedamage,andthuscouldserveasaprominentforecastingmethods.（3）Useofthephenomenonfiredwarningconspicuous.Long-termcoalandgastohighlightresearchfoundthatthecoalofnon-uniformphysicalbody,whichexistvariousmicrofissures,andpore,resultinginthefailureofcoal,willbeforcingthewrongplaceshavestressconcentrationoccurredsuddenrupturetoaccumulateinthecoalquicklytothereleaseofenergy,andflexibilityintheformofwavefieldspreadandtheformationoffiringphenomenon.XinShekHinresearchbelievethatthelaunchofthetotalevents,bigeventsandenergyparameters-launchactivitiestobetterreflectthecharacteristicsoftotalincidentsincreasedinfrequency,bigsharpincreaseinincidents,Isthejudgepronouncedthewell.Wangenbillioninthelaboratorystudyfoundthatdespitethebreakdownofcoalrocksoundofthelaunchsignalisveryrich,butinthecoalmassdestructionprocessistachycardia,showsthedeformationofcoalmassdestructionprocesscannotbeconsecutive,buttachycardia,uneven,andincoalandgastobeoutstandingforecastingcontinuousmonitoring.（4）Accordingetc.forecastingprominent.Amovetomakethemassredistributionofstress,theinternalstructureofrocksmalladjustments,whichresultedinthereleaseofseismicenergy.TheActismainlyusedtomonitorshaftrockrupture,thetestresultsofthestudyshowedthatlowfrequencymulti-probesystemcancontinuouslymonitorcoaletc.bodystructure,stressconcentrationandchangescanforecasttheimpactofpotentialdamageandprominentlocationfortheeliminationofhighstressconcentrationareasandtakemeasurestoprovideabasis.High-frequencyinterferometrysystemcouldbeusedtomonitorvarioustypesofdamage.Usetwo(high-frequency,lowfrequency)interferometrytechnologynotonlytohighlightthepotentialgasCirclelocationcanforecastgasprominentplacetime.（5）Usingamarketpressureschangeforecastsprominent.Zhangzhimingthatsupportcoalintimatepressuremakesthefissures,andporebeencompressed(Hop),thegasflowpassagesareclosed,coalporelowerrateforthegaspressuretoincrease,andthattheaccumulationofcoalrockdeformationtoincreaseflexibility,whileunderminingcoalbody,thebodyinthecoalandcoalproducedparalleltothewallclosedfissures.increasedgasareaandtheroleofcoallowerbodyresistanceenginedamage.Therefore,thesizeandsupportspeakpressuregasprominentlocationandtheexistenceofrelations.（6）Accordinggaspouringoutofforecastingprominent.Andthelargenumberofprominentexamplesshowthatthereisaconsiderablenumberofprominent,locatedgaspouringoutofachange.Cengqingyanganalysisartillerytookupacoalbedstreet,locatedsourcesforcoalbedgasfloodingexposedfaceandmouthafterloadingcoal,andcoal-gasconcentrationsonthedissoluteimpactwillnotbelong,thus,thedissolutegasconcentrationsprimarilyreflectthegasislocated.Furtheranalysis,theprocessismuchgaspouringoutofoperationreflectsthechangesthathighstressandstreetfrontinShiwenstate,districtandhighgascontentincoalbodyeasilydamaged,whichispronetohighlightlots.WestGermanyHAikeerobservationanalysisIbnthanLungasconcentrationsinthecoalmine,locateddissolutefoundprominent,thehighgascontentinaconsistentvalue,andthatvaluelarger,wellhighlightpossible.（7）Forecastinggastoelectricfieldhighlight.Coalbedinthedestructionprocess,inadditiontoobviouseffectsofheat,ofelectromagneticradiation,andelectricpropertiesalsochangeaccordingly,butalsomayrepresentamovestressonimpact,themovementofgastobetransportedandcoalphysicaldamagelimitstressbandwidthdegrees,coalporerateandtheintensityofcoal,andotherfactors.Inotherwords,toelectricpowersituationandtheintensitychangesreflectingcurrentgasprominentparameterschange.RussiaB.T.Tarassovstudiesindicatethatthephenomenonofconspicuousmomentumoftenoccurredintheborderbeltandfissurespressuregeneratedprocessforward,theflexibilityofcoalfromthestateintopseudo-genre,accompaniedbyasharpelectricfieldtodisappear,leadingtotheadsorptioncapacitysignificantlyreducedaccordinglyascontaminatedasaresultofavalanchesofgas,gaspressuredoubledover,thestaticpressurecausedgaspressureandmovingfastrise.Toelectricpowersituationisoccurringgaslandedprominentsigns.Therefore,thelawofchangeinthetrendbaseelectricmotorforthegasmayhighlightSchedule.3Prominentwarningindicators3.1TemperatureindicatorsWandHongtuandso,throughtheboringlocatedprominentstudyofrisk，definedrillingscrapcoalbodytemperatureandthetemperatureassensitiveindicators.3.2RelativechangesintherateoffiringZhangWeimin,accordingtotheprocessofdestructionismuchcoalbedlaunchcharacteristicsofinspection,locatedfiredphenomenondiscoveredwhenmonitoringchangesintherelativefiringratesofcertainlargeNEcertainvalue,tobeprominent.3.3GasfloodingV30indicatorsManyscholarsinthestudyofgaspouringoutandhighlighttheinfluenceoftherelationshipbetweenrisk,thegeneraluseoftheentire30minandthevolumeofgaspouringoutofcoalthanblastingdownthevalueofV30toforecastprominent4ConclusionMeasurestoreducelossestoaminimumlevel.Evenso,intheuseofavailabletechnologyforcoalandgas,therearestillsomemajoroutstandingissuesconstrainingforecastingconvenience,rapidandaccuracy.（1）Althoughexperts,andscholarshaveputforwardmanyprominentwarningindicators,butsomeindicatorsofthesensitivityofprominentvaryhighlightthethresholdofchangewiththedifferentmineinadequate,suchastemperatureindicators;Someindicatorsareinagunandartilleryduginthecircumstances,conditionsnolongermeetmodernmechanizedoperations,suchasV30indicators.（2）Somemethodsofforecastingneed,locatedatpoints,andinthepracticalengineeringisstillacertainamount(seekinghittingdrillingmosquitolarvae,generaloperatinglongeroperational,butacertaindegreeofrisk.（3）Someforecastingmethodsfortheestablishmentofspecializedequipment,limitedworkingspacehamperedoperations.Sincecoalandgasprominentistheworldlargestcoalproducerintheminepitsofthemainproblemsfacingthecommon,coalandgastoachieveoutstandingfast,accurateforecastingistheurgentneedofsafeproduction.Inviewofthis,itisnecessarytoconductfurtherstudies,thesearchformoreeffectiveandmoreefficientmethodsofforecastingindicators.Becauseoftheexistingcontrolsystemusinggasmonitoringsensorstappotentialgasprominentwarninginformation,andachieveoutstandingforecastingisafeasiblesolution.煤与瓦斯突出预报研究现状综述1煤与瓦斯突出机理关于突出机理的研究，可以分为两个阶段，即早期的寻求突出的影响因素阶段和近期的探索突出作用过程阶段。（1）早期的学者提出的主要观点有：瓦斯作用论、地应力作用论、综合假说等。综合假说较全面的考虑了突出动力(地应力、瓦斯)和阻力(煤强度)两个方面的主要因素，因而得到国内外学者的普遍认可，若某区域地应力越大，瓦斯含量(压力)越高，煤越松软，则该区域突出危险性越大。对采掘工作面突出而言，突出与地应力、瓦斯和煤物理力学性质各参数的原始值有关，还在很大程度上取决于近工作面各参数的变化，即工作面附近煤岩应力，瓦斯压力的分布状况和煤体强度性质的变化。工作面前方应力和瓦斯压力梯度越大，煤强度越不均质，则工作面突出危险性也就越大。（2）大部分学者认为突出是多因素作用的过程，在此基础上，众多学者开展了含瓦斯煤体具体破坏过程的研究。①中心扩张学说。煤与瓦斯突出是从离工作面某一距离处的中心开始，而后向周围扩展，由发动中心周围的煤一岩石一瓦斯体系提供能量并参与活动，在煤与瓦斯突出地点地应力、瓦斯压力、煤体结构和煤质是不均匀的，突出发动中心就处在应力集中点，煤体的低透气性有助于建立大的瓦斯压力梯度。②流变假说。煤与瓦斯突出是含瓦斯煤在采动影响后地应力与孔隙瓦斯气体耦合的一种流变过程，在突出的准备阶段含瓦斯煤体发生蠕变破坏形成裂隙网，之后瓦斯能量冲跨破坏的煤体发生突出，该观点对延期突出给予了很好的解释。③固流耦合失稳假说。突出是含瓦斯煤体在采掘活动影响下，局部发生迅速、突然破坏而生成的现象，采深和瓦斯压力的增加都将使突出发生的危险性增加。④球壳失稳假说。突出的过程实质是地应力破坏煤体、煤体释放瓦斯、瓦斯使煤体裂隙扩张并使形成的球壳失稳破坏过程。煤体的破坏以球壳状煤壳的形成、扩展以及失稳抛出为主要特点。2突出预报方法国内外众多学者通过对突出的规律及其前兆现象的研究，提出了许多突出预报方法，这些方法在防治突出的发生及减小突出灾害的损失中起到了重要的作用。(1)利用温度异常预报突出。煤层在受到高地应力(或高应力集中)和高瓦斯压力的作用下，由于挤压和瓦斯吸附，围岩和煤体温度要上升；同时，煤体聚集高应变能，使打钻时出现顶钻、夹钻、卡钻和喷孔等突出危险性的前兆现象，并使钻孔进尺速度减慢，钻孔孔底煤壁与钻头摩擦时间增长，从而钻屑温度上升。郭立稳等通过分析认为，煤与瓦斯突出过程中的温度变化的主要影响因素是地应力、瓦斯压力和煤体强度，因而温度反映了突出的各因素的综合作用，他进一步通过实验室研究发现，突出过程中，煤体温度先升高后降低，认为通过对煤体温度进行连续观测能够实现突出预报。梁冰通过数值模拟，结果也表明，当温度变化梯度较大时，将发生煤与瓦斯突出。但有一些学者对用煤体温度作为评价瓦斯突出危险性指标持有异议，认为钻孔温度与煤壁温度的差值主要是受矿井大气温度和工作面供风量的影响．与煤层瓦斯突出危险性关系不大。(2)根据电磁辐射预报突出。20世纪90年代初，何学秋、刘明举、王恩元等对煤等强度较低岩石变形破裂电磁辐射效应进行了研究。研究结果表明，电磁辐射与煤岩体的载荷及变形破裂过程呈正相关，基本上随着载荷及变形破裂强度的增加而增加。进一步的研究还发现，现场中有突出危险性的煤层，其电磁辐射强度(幅值)或脉冲数较没有危险时明显增大且呈增长趋势。林海燕等通过对含瓦斯煤断裂的地磁辐射实验研究发现，含瓦斯煤断裂破坏产生的电磁辐射直接反映了采掘工作面前方的煤层受力破坏情况，因而可作为突出预报方法。(3)利用声发射现象预报突出。长期的防治煤与瓦斯突出研究工作中发现，由于煤体的非均质体，其中存在各种微裂隙、孔隙等，以致煤岩体在受到外力作用时就会在这些缺陷部位产生应力集中，发生突发性破裂，使积聚在煤岩体中的能量得以释放，且以弹性波的形式向外传播，而形成声发射现象。石显鑫等研究认为，声发射的总事件、大事件和能量参数能较好地反映声发射活动的特征，总事件的频繁增多、大事件的急剧增加，是判别突出的预兆。王恩元在实验室研究发现，尽管煤岩体破裂时的声发射信号非常丰富，但在煤岩体的破坏过程中是阵发性的，表明了煤岩体的变形破坏过程不是连续的，而是阵发性的、不均匀的，因而在进行煤与瓦斯突出预报时需进行连续监测。(4)根据微震预报突出。采动使岩体发生应力的重新分布，岩石内部结构发生小规模的调整，