2024-2025学年高中英语Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars单元同步复习学案新人教版必修3

必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars一轮复习导学案基础学问梳理【三星词汇】一星阅读词汇(写出下列单词的词性和意义)astronomy n.天文学 astronomer n.天文学家 solar adj.太阳的；日光的 solarsystem 太阳系 religion n.宗教；宗教信仰 atom n.原子 billion pron.&n.&adj.<英>万亿；<美>十亿globe n.球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的carbon n.碳 dioxide n.二氧化物 carbondioxide 二氧化碳 fundamental adj.基本的；基础的 presence n.出席；到场；存在 acid n.酸 reaction n.反应；回应 multiply vi.&vt.乘；增加；繁殖 oxygen n.氧 dinosaur n.恐龙 mammal n.哺乳动物 physicist n.物理学家 extinct adj.灭亡的；绝种的 lessen vi.&vt.削减；减轻 weightlessly adv.失重地 【联想法巧记短语】1. vt.+sb+from…型短语小结①preventsbfromdoing 阻挡某人做…②stopsb(from)doing 阻挡某人做…③keepsbfromdoing 阻挡某人做…④protectsbfrom 爱护…免遭…的损害⑤defendsbfrom 爱护…免遭…的损害⑥sheltersbfrom 爱护…免遭…的损害2. v.+out型短语荟萃①look/watchout 当心；提防 ②putout 扑灭 ③runout 用完；耗尽 ④letout 泄露；发出(声音) ⑤dieout 灭亡 ⑥fadeout 淡出；渐弱 【语法速递】Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmful(harm)gasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve(solve).Accordingtoawidelyaccepted(accept)theory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”which/thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Wewatched,amazed(amaze)asfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.Asaresultofthisevent,agreatdustcloudformedintheskyblocking(block)outthesunlight.【典句仿写】1. 动词＋it＋adj./n.(宾补)＋todo【课文原句】Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。【仿写】【2024全国I卷】Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorningandputtheblameonthealarmclock.很多人发觉早上起床很难就会指责闹钟。2. 倍数表达法：倍数＋as...as...【课文原句】ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步伐的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。【仿写】LiMing’smobilephonelookedjustthesameasZhangHua’s,butitcosttwiceasmuchashis.李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。3. nowthat引导缘由状语从句,相当于since【课文原句】“Oh,dear,”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力变更了，看来走路也的确须要练一练了。”【仿写】【2024全国卷Ⅲ书面表达】Nowthatyouarefondoftabletennis,I’dliketoinviteyoutojointheschoolteam.既然你喜爱乒乓球，我想邀请你加入校队。4.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthat…意为“更重要的是……”,what引导主语从句【课文原句】Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.

更重要的是随着地球冷却下来,水起先出现在地球的表面上。【仿写】Whatisequallyimportantisthatyoushouldtakeregularexercisetoloseweight.同样重要的是，你应当常常熬炼来减肥。核心要点探究【高频单词】1. lay v.放置;搁;下(蛋);产(卵)(1) layeggs 下蛋 laythetable 摆放餐具(打算吃饭) (2) laystresson 强调;把重点放在……上 laythefoundationfor 为……奠定基础 【名师点拨】lay是不规则动词,其过去式、过去分词、现在分词依次是:laid;laid;laying。【活学活用】(1)单句填空①Withthedinnertablelaid(lay),thefamilybegantohavesupper.②It’sobviouslyalietosaythatyou’vewatchedaroosterlyingtherelaying(lay)eggs.(2)微写作一旦你完备驾驭了一门语言,你已经为你将来的胜利打下了基础。Onceyouperfectlymasterasinglelanguage,youhavelaidthefoundationforourfuturesuccess.2. exist vi.存在;生存(1) Thereexist(s)… 有/存在……(therebe句型变式之一)(2) existing adj.现存的;现行的(3) existence n.存在 comeintoexistence 产生;存在【名师点拨】exist没有被动语态,也不能用于进行时态。【活学活用】(1)单句填空①Accordingtosomephilosophers,everythinginexistence(exist)isreasonable.②Inherspeech,theMinistercameoutagainstanychangetotheexisting(exist)law.③Thereexist(exist)variousopinionsamongthecommitteemembers.④Wateronceexisted(exist)onMars,butscientistshaven'tfoundoutwhyitdisappeared.⑤Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence(exist)．(2)微写作①众所周知，年轻人和老年人之间存在代沟。Asisknowntous,thereexistsagenerationgapbetweentheyoungandtheold.②尽管双方达成了部分协议,但他们之间仍存在着一些分歧。Therestillexistedseveraldifferencesbetweenthemalthoughthetwosideshavereachedapartialagreement.3. puzzle n.谜;难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)犯难(1) inapuzzle 感到困惑;不知如何是好 (be)apuzzletosb ……对某人来说是个谜(2) puzzleabout/over 细致琢磨;苦苦思索(3) puzzling adj.令人困惑的 puzzled adj.感到困惑的 bepuzzledabout 对……迷惑不解【活学活用】(1)单句填空①Theresearchersarestillpuzzlingabout/overhowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.②Tobehonest,Isometimesfeelpuzzled(puzzle)aboutmyfuturecareer.③Hisexplanationwasverypuzzling,sotheboyworeapuzzledexpression.(puzzle)④Whyabirdcancauseanairdisasterisstillapuzzletome.⑤Hearingthegeneralmanager’sexplanation,hehadapuzzled(puzzle)expressiononhisface.⑥Thereportersaswellassomecriticsremainedpuzzled(puzzle)bytheelectionresults.(2)一句多译那位牧羊的农场主对他农场中羊只的丢失仍旧感到怀疑不解。Thesheepfarmerwasstillinapuzzleaboutthedisappearanceofsomesheeponhisfarm.(puzzlen.)Thesheepfarmerwasstillpuzzledaboutthedisappearanceofsomesheeponhisfarm.(puzzledadj.)4. pull n.&vt.牵引力；拉(力)；拖 pulldown 拆毁；摧毁 pullin (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠 pullout 驶出；退出；拉出 pullup 停车 【活学活用】(1)用pull相关短语的适当形式填空①Thetrainhaspulledin,andthepassengersareboardingitnow.②Ashewashopelesslywanderingaroundthestation,thetrainpulledoutofthestation.③Theyarepullingdownthosehousestomakeroomforanewhotel.(2)微写作俗话说得好，拆比建简单。Astheoldsayinggoes,it’seasiertopulldownthantobuildup.【常考短语】1. intime (soonerorlater)迟早;(eventually)最终;刚好(1) intimetodosth 刚好做……(2) ontime 准时 atonetime 曾经,一度；同时 atatime 一次；每次；在某时 atnotime 决不 innotime 立即,立刻 attimes 有时,间或 fromtimetotime 有时,间或 atthesametime 与此同时 【活学活用】(1)一词多义——写出下列句中bringup的含义①Hewasinvolvedinamurderandintimetheywouldpickhimup.迟早 ②FredandJimdidnotlikeeachotheratfirst,butintimetheybecamegoodfriends.最终 ③Eventhoughtherewereonlytenminutesleft,Iwasintimeforhislecture.刚好赶上(2)用time相关短语的适当形式填空①Ifyouwantmuchmoreinformation,getintouchwiththemintime.②Herdaughtersvisitedhimfromtimetotimewhenhewasill.③WeshallbelandinginParisinsixteenminutes,exactlyontime.④Atnotimeshallastudentcheatathisexam.⑤Themothersetthealarmsoastowakeupintimetogivehertwosonstheirmedicine.⑥【2024全国卷Ⅲ】Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreefromthem.(3)微写作俗话说：“有志者，事竟成。”我们的努力迟早会有回报的。Astheoldsayinggoes,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”Oureffortswillpayoffintime.2. inone’sturn 轮到某人 inturn 依次,轮番(侧重次序);转而;相应地;反过来 byturns 轮番,交替地(侧重一个接一个) taketurnstodosth 轮番做某事 Itisone’sturntodo 轮到某人做某事。【活学活用】(1)单句填空①Whenitwasinmyturn,Iwastooexcitedtospeak.②Atthemeetingtheytookturnstoput(put)forwardanumberofsuggestionsaimingtopromotethereformofeducationsystem.③Thetwodaughterslookedaftertheirsickmotherbyturns.(2)用turn的相关短语填空①Theyoungparentshadtotaketurnstolookaftertheirsickbaby.②Thechangeoftheclimatemakestheearthwarmer.Inturn,thewarmthoftheearthchangestheclimate,too.③Idecidedtodividethisclassintothreegroupstogivethemlessonsbyturns.(3)微写作依我看来，理论的实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。Frommypointofview,theoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice.3. breakout vi.(斗争、火灾、疾病、争吵等)突然发生;爆发 breakaway(from) 摆脱;脱离 breakin vi.闯入;打断 breakinto vt.强行闯入breakoff 断开;停顿,突然终止breakthrough 突破,战胜breakup 粉碎;解散;(关系)裂开,结束;放假 breakdown (机器)出故障;(身体)垮掉;(精神)崩溃;(谈判等)失败;分解【活学活用】单句填空①Afirebrokeoutinthelowerstoryduringthemidnightandsoonthewholebuildingwasinflames.②LastnightsomebodybrokeintoMrWhite’shouseandtookawayalotofthings.③Shebrokedownwhensheheardthenews,butquicklyrecovered.④Shemethersecondhusbandnotlongafterherfirstmarriagebrokeup.⑤Scientiststhinktheyhavebrokenthroughintheirattempttofindthecausesofmanymajordiseases.⑥Wewerediscussingourplans,buthadtobreakoffwhenthetelephonerang.4. prevent…(from)doing 阻挡……做某事 stop…(from)doing 阻挡……做某事 keep…fromdoing 阻挡……做某事 protect…fromsth/beingdone 爱护……免受……损害 keep…doingsth 使……始终做某事【名师点拨】prevent/stop…from…中的from可以省略,keep…from…中的from不能省略。但在被动结构中,from均不行省略。【活学活用】(1)单句填空①Hishearttroubledidnotpreventhimgoing(go)toclassthenextday.②Oneoftheadvantagesofwearingsunglassesistoprotectone’seyesfromthestrongsunlight.③Incoldweatherdays,thefamilyusedtokeepthehomefireburning(burn)allnightlong.(2)句式转换Theheavyraindidn’tprevent/stop/keepusfromgoingtotheforesttowatchthebirdslastSunday.Wewerenotprevented/stopped/keptfromgoingtotheforesttowatchthebirdsbytheheavyrainlastSunday.【必备句型】1. ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但当我试着向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步伐的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,然后我摔倒了。【名师点拨】句型公式:…倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as…twiceasfaras…意为“是……的两倍远”。常见的倍数的表达方式有:(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as+B(2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than+B(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight...)＋of+B(4)A＋倍数＋what从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”【活学活用】(1)单句填空①Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfaster(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.②Thenumberofstudentsnowinthisschoolisfourtimeswhatitwastenyearsago.③

Hislatestnovelistwiceaslongas(两倍长)hispreviousone.④ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbethreetimesthesizeofthepresentone.(2)一句多译【2024全国卷Ⅱ书面表达】这部短片讲解并描述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们的学校是十年前的三倍大。①Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.Nowourschoolisthreetimesasbigasthattenyearsago.②Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.Nowourschoolistwicebiggerthanthattenyearsago.③Theshortfilmtellsaboutthedevelopmentofourschool.Nowourschoolisthreetimesthesizeofthattenyearsago.2. Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这引起了一个连锁反应,使生命的发展成为可能。【名师点拨】句型公式：句型公式：makeit＋adj./n.＋forsbtodo(1) make＋it＋adj./n.＋todo不定式 make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句 make＋it＋nogood/nouse/novalue...＋doingsth(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think,consider,find,feel等。【活学活用】(1)微写作①在西方,人们常在圣诞节时给他们的亲朋好友购买礼物。PeopleintheWestmakeitaruletobuyChristmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.②明显,是因特网使得彼此间沟通很简单。Obviously,itistheInternetthatmakesiteasytocommunicatewitheachother.③他们预料于6月6日前抵达上海,正好能赶上参与会议。TheyarescheduledtoreachShanghaibyJune6makingitpossibleforthemtoattendthemeeting.(2)单句填空①HavingwatchedABiteofChinawillmakeiteasierforyoutounderstandwhyheisdeterminedtomakehislivingbyrunningaChinesefoodrestaurantinNewYork.②Shemadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.③Heisstubborn,whichmakesitnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutit.高考真题演练【品句填词】①【2024江苏卷】Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthebench,handstremblingashegently(gentle)placedhisfingersonthekeys.②【2024全国卷Ⅰ书面表达】Atthesametime,IhaveagoodcommandofseverallanguagesincludingEnglish.③【2024浙江卷】Imadefriendswiththenatives,andtheirreaction(react)amazedme.④【2024全国II卷】Steamenginesareusedtopull(pull)thecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.⑤【2024全国III卷】Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.Butunlike(like)schoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-termresting⑥【2024全国I卷】Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobal(globe)populationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeenpoorlystudied语言素养提升【句式升级】①【2024全国卷Ⅰ书面表达】Ithinkyouhadbetterbringasmallgiftwhenweattendadinnerparty.Ithinkitagoodideatobringasmallgiftwhenweattendadinnerparty.(用v.+it+adj./n.句型升级蓝色字体部分)②【2015北京卷书面表达】Thismorning,whenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Isawthattwotravelerslookedpuzzledastheywerereadingamap.Thismorning,whenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Isawthattwotravelerswerereadingamap,lookingpuzzled.(用分词作状语升级蓝色字体部分)【主题写作】假定你是李华，你爱好太空探险但是却得不到父母理解，于是你给英国挚友Stephen发电子邮件进行沟通并恳求帮助。要点如下①父母的看法；②你的观点。(至少写2点)【分化步骤，先句后篇】1.列提纲，补全要点句。①我和父母之间存在一个问题，使我不能用心学习。Thereexistsaproblembetweenmyparentsandme,andthathasmadeitimpossibleformetoconcentrateonmystudy.②我对太空探险很痴迷因此我业余时间总是去图书馆，在那里我驾驭了很多与太空探究有关的材料。(定语从句)IamsocrazyaboutspaceexplorationthatinmysparetimeIoftengotothelibrary,whereIhavegotthehangofmuchaboutspaceexploration.③这使我的父母很生气，因为他们认为我的爱好对我的学习有害。Thismakesmyparentsveryangrybecausetheythinkmyhobbyisharmfultomystudy.④使我懊丧的是他们总是阻挡我去图书馆，并督促我用两倍多的时间学习。(主从)Whatmakesmeupsetisthattheyalwayspreventmefromgoingtothelibraryandurgemetospendtwicemoretimeonmylessons.⑤依我看，良好的爱好不仅对