2025版高考英语一轮复习选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions学案含解析新人教版

PAGE选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions————[单元主题语境]———人与社会之独创、专利申请、宏大的独创家(全国卷Ⅱ)话题：激发学生的创建性词数：280难度：★★★★Fiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent，andsaid：“MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday—and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.”Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseewhattherestoftheclasswoulddo.Severalotherscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided.Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations.OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(感染)otherstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI'mjustnotcreative.”“Doyoudreamatnightwhenyou'reasleep？”“Oh,sure.”“Sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestingdreams.”Thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimaginative.Flyingintheskyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads.“That'sprettycreative.Whodoesthatforyou？”“Nobody.Idoit.”“Really—atnight,whenyou'reasleep？”“Sure.”“Trydoingitinthedaytime,inclass,okay？”[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。作为一名老师，作者用一种玩具培育孩子们的创建性和动手实力，其中一个孩子的创建性引起了作者的留意。5．TheteacherusedTinkertoysinclassinorderto.A．knowmoreaboutthestudents B．makethelessonsmoreexcitingC．raisethestudents'interestinart D．teachthestudentsabouttoydesign解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段的“IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents”可知，作者利用万能工匠这种玩具是为了更多地了解学生。答案：A6．Whatdoweknowabouttheboymentionedinparagraph3?A．Helikedtohelphisteacher. B．Hepreferredtostudyalone.C．Hewasactiveinclass. D．Hewasimaginative.解析：推理推断题。第三段作者描述这个学生，说他特殊有创建性(wasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork)。答案：D7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Mistake. B．Drawback.C．Difficulty. D．Burden.解析：词义揣测题。前文提到作者很宠爱这个学生，说这个学生的创建性能够感染其他学生，下文说“冒着失去那些有不同的思索风格的学生的风险”，依据语境前后的对比推断，downside的含义应当是drawback“不利条件，缺点”。答案：B8．Whydidtheteacheraskthestudentstotalkabouttheirdreams?A．Tohelpthemtoseetheircreativity.B．Tofindoutabouttheirsleepinghabits.C．Tohelpthemtoimprovetheirmemory.D．Tofindoutabouttheirwaysofthinking.解析：推理推断题。作者激励学生讲解并描述他们最好玩的梦，然后激励学生说，“白天在课堂上也试一试做梦，好吗？”由此推断，作者让学生讲解并描述他们的梦，是为了帮助学生看到自己的创建性。答案：A一、语言实力熟词生义/词类活用1．therest剩余部分；其余者2．instructionsn．说明书3．presencen．出席，在场4．runtheriskof冒着……的风险二、思维品质1．阅读技巧——题干定位法细心审题，带着问题找答案。先看文章后面的问题，留意题干中的关键词，如人物、时间、事务等，做到有的放矢。依据题干中的标记性词语在原文中定位相关信息，细致比较所给选项与文中细微环节的微小区分，找到与原文相符的选项，以确定正确答案。例如第5题，从题干的“inorderto”推断，本题询问作者在课堂运用这种玩具的目的，第一段提到“asatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents”，由此可知，作者的目的是更多地了解自己的学生。故选A项。2．分析长难句并翻译句子HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfectotherstudents.[分析]本句为复合句。that引导的是宾语从句，作meant的宾语；在宾语从句中包含了由whose引导的定语从句，关系词whose在从句中作定语，表示所属关系。[翻译]他的出现意味着课堂上我有一个意料之外的教学助手，他的创建力会感染其他学生。三、文化素养思索：通过阅读这篇文章，你认为学校培育学生创建性思维有何意义？“创新是一个民族的灵魂，是一个国家兴盛发达的动力。创新要靠人才，而人才来源于良好的教化。”学校努力培育学生具有较强的创建性思维，其现实意义和深远影响不言而喻，培育学生的创建性思维实力是提高学生素养、推动新课程改革、进行素养教化的重要任务之一。授课提示：对应学生用书第240页NO.1单词——在语境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词…………[先识记]请依据汉语提示完成下列词块1．filethereport把报告归档2．dialthenumber拨号3．claimagainstdamage要求赔偿损失4．seizeanopportunity抓住机会5．beartheresponsibility担当责任6．tapsb.ontheshoulder轻拍某人的肩膀7．distinguishrightfromwrong明辨是非8．apracticalmethod一个好用的方法9．apassiveresponse消极的反应10．bevalidfortwoweeks有效期两周[再拓展]请填入括号内单词的正确形式1．Inwesterncountries，thenumber“thirteen”isusuallyassociatedwithbadluck，butactuallythereisn'tanyassociationbetweenthem.(associate)2．Itisfreezingoutsidenow，andmoresnowisfallingonalreadyfrozenstreets.(freeze)3．AlthoughtherearemanypracticaldifficultiesinlearningoralEnglish，youmustkeeppracticingspeakingeveryday.(practice)4．Ifnobodycanproveyourinnocencehowcanyousayyouareinnocent？(innocent)5．Themercilesskingshowednomercyandkilledalltheprisoners.(merciful)6．YoucanvisitProfessorLiwhenitisconvenient，thatis，athisconvenience.Hishouseisconvenientlynearthebusstop.(convenient)7．Thisismyoccasionalvisittothethemepark，inwhichIoccasionallymeetthecartooncharactersIlikemost.(occasion)8．Hetookmeasurestomakeuphisfault，whichreceivedourrecognition(recognize)．02阅读单词…………标注不相识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆□patent□forehead□perfume□extension□string□greengrocer□stable□microphone□abrupt□glue□criterion□dynamic□wire□straw□current□triangle□version□court□lantern□courtyard□powder□stainless□cube□dotNO.2短语——在拼法中记牢，在联想中积累[必会短语]请依据汉语提示完成下列词块1．ringback回电话2．ringoff挂断电话3．nowandthen间或；有时4．setaboutreading起先阅读5．setouttounderstand起先明白6．diveintotheargument一心投入这场争辩7．getthroughthenovel看完这本小说8．hangontotherope紧抓绳子9．callmeupatanytime随时打电话给我10．beoutoforder次序颠倒；发生故障[词汇积累]1．“抓住”这些动词①seize抓住；捉住②catch抓住；接住③grasp抓住；驾驭④hold抓住；限制⑤capture抓住；俘获⑥clutch抓住；紧握2．含fore­前缀的单词面面观①foreheadn.额头②forearmn.前臂③forecastvt.预报；预料④foreseevt.预见；预知⑤foresightn.远见；预见⑥foretellv.预言；预示3．“间或；有时”全接触①attimes间或；有时②nowandthen间或；有时③onoccasion间或；有时④byaccident有时；时而⑤onceinawhile间或；有时⑥fromtimetotime有时；间或NO.3句式——在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请依据提示完成下列句子1．so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句黄先生如此细心爱护，以至于我们都很宠爱他。Mr.Huangissocarefulandconsideratethatwealllikehim.(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)2．“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”结构别担忧，假如你为你的英语学习制定一个适当的安排，一切都会很简单。Don'tworry,andeverythingwillbeeasyifyoumakeaproperplanforyourEnglishstudy.(2024·天津3月高考)3．Thereseems/seemedtobe...看起来好像……好像有更好的方法来解决这个麻烦的问题了。Thereseemedtobeabetterwaytosolvethisthornyproblem.授课提示：对应学生用书第241页1．distinguishvt.&vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别[写作佳句]Althoughheisdistinguishedasateacherforpublishingsomeessays，hefailstodistinguishbetweenteachingandlearning.作为老师，虽然他因发表论文而出名，但他不能把教学和学习区分开来。[归纳拓展](1)distinguishbetweenAandB区分A和Bdistinguish...from...把……与……区分开来distinguishoneselfas某人作为……而出名(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的；闻名的；杰出的bedistinguishedfor...因……而出名bedistinguishedas...作为……而出名[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Thetwinsaresoalike，soit'sdifficulttodistinguishonefromtheother.②Tobehonest，Iadmireyourdistinguished(distinguish)achievements.③Asfarasweallknow,LangPinghasalreadydistinguishedherself(she)asagreatvolleyballcoachintheworld.实力提升——完成句子④Inthiscase,peopleshouldbeeducatedtoraisetheirawarenessofdistinguishingfalseinformation.在这种状况下，应当教化人们提高辨别错误信息的意识。2．bearvt.(bore，borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；担当；生育；结果实；带有；携带[写作佳句]Bearingaheavyburden，shehastoworkhardtobringupherchildren.肩负重担，她必需努力工作抚养孩子。[归纳拓展](1)can'tbeardoing/todosth.不能忍受做某事can'tbearsb./sb.'sdoingsth.不能忍受某人做某事(2)bear/keepsth.inmind记住……bear/keepinmindthat...记住……[实战演练]基础练透——一词多义①WhydoIhavetobearallthecostsofrepair？负担；担当②Shecouldn'tbearthethoughtofleavingherparents.忍受③Shedidbearahealthybabyinhospitalyesterday.生育④Someofthenewly­plantedappletreeshavealsobeguntobear.结果实实力提升——词汇升级⑤Pleaserememberthatsuccesscomesfromhardworkwhilelazinessleadstofailure.→Pleasebear/keepinmindthatsuccesscomesfromhardworkwhilelazinessleadstofailure.3．associatevt.联想；联系n.同伴；伙伴[写作佳句]Ifeelhonoredtohavethechancetolive，workandassociatewiththem.我觉得很荣幸有机会和他们一起生活、工作和相处。[归纳拓展](1)associate...with...使……与……联系起来associatewithsb.与某人交往/联系(2)beassociatedwith与……有关(3)associationn．联合；联想；交往；协会；社团inassociationwith与……联合/有关联[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Ifyouassociatewithpositive­thinkingpeople,youaredefinitelygoingtoachievesuccess.②Healthisfrequentlythoughttobeassociated(associate)withabalanceddietandplentyofexercise.③Healwaysassociatesthesmellofthoseflowerswithhishappychildhood.实力提升——完成句子④Weareworkinginassociationwithalocalcompanytoraisemoneyforthehomeless.我们正与一家产地公司联合为无家可归的人筹钱。4．callup给……打电话；使想起；呼唤[写作佳句]WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。[归纳拓展]callat探望(某个地点)calloff取消；停止callon/upon探望(某人)；号召callfor需求；须要；去接(某人)callin邀请；请来；叫……来帮忙[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Theirtravelplanwascalledoffbecauseofthebadweather.②Mr.Whitewastocallatmyhouseafterhefinishedhisspeech.③Successinschoolcallsformuchhardwork.④Icalledupmymothertoaskifshewantedtolivewithusinthecity.实力提升——完成句子⑤AweekbeforeEarthDay，posterswereputuparoundourschool，callingon/uponustojoinintheactivityforagreenerearth.地球日前一周，我们学校到处都张贴了海报，号召我们加入绿色地球的行动中来。5．getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；熬过；用完[写作佳句]Afterthat，heknewhecouldgetthroughanyemergencybydoingwhathecouldtothebestofhisability.在此之后，他知道只要尽全力就能胜利应对一切紧急事务。[归纳拓展]get(sth.)across(tosb.)使(某事)被(某人)理解getalongwithsb.与某人相处；进展getawaywithsth.携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩处getdownto(doing)sth.起先做某事；细致处理某事getover熬过；克服(困难)；从……中复原过来[实战演练]基础练透——一词多义①Imanagedtogetthroughmyworkintime.(设法)做完②Itriedphoninghim，butIcouldn'tgetthroughtohim.打通电话③Writinghelpedhergetthroughtheroughdays.度过④Hegotthroughtheexamandhiseffortspaidoff.通过实力提升——完成句子⑤IfyouarewillingtostudyinChina,getintouchwithmeandIwillhelpyouwheneveryouneedme.假如你情愿在中国学习，和我电话联系。无论你何时须要我，我都会帮助你。⑥Asanoutgoingboy，Inearlygetalongwellwitheveryonearoundme.(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)作为一个外向的男孩，我几乎和我身边的每个人都相处得很好。6．祈使句＋and＋陈述句[教材原句]Followitup，exploreallaroundit，andbeforeyouknowit，youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟踪下去，不断探究，不知不觉中你就会发觉某种值得思索的东西占据着你的头脑。[归纳拓展](1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...，＋主句(2)祈使句＋or(else)/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句(3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Givemeachance，andIwillrewardyouwithmore.②Giveupsmoking，or/otherwiseitmaydoharmtoyourhealth.③Abitmoreeffort，Ithink，andyouwillsettletheproblem.实力提升——句型转换Ifyouworkhard，youwillmakegreatprogress.→④Workhard，andyouwillmakegreatprogress.→⑤Workinghard，youwillmakegreatprogress.授课提示：对应学生用书第243页[教材与高考]Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词1．阅读词汇认知①(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.adj.有效的②(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Thelikables'plays­well­with­othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump­startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.vt.开发；发掘；利用(资源、学问等)③(2024·高考天津卷)Iwasreadytopayformybananasatthegroceryonenight,whenfearseizedme.Mywalletwasgone.vt.(心情)侵袭；突然限制2．一词多义①(2024·高考浙江卷)Hundredsoffansjammedtheairporttogreetthem.AA．挤进 B．果酱C．堵塞 D．堵塞②(重庆卷)Now,itisstillhangingonthewallofmybedroom.DA．不挂断 B．稍等C．紧紧握住 D．悬挂③(2024·高考北京卷)Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.CA．水流 B．电流C．现在的 D．流通的Ⅱ.语言运用高频点1．语法填空①(2024·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetouttofind(find)thewell­knownpainter.②(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautious(caution)inadoptingthesport.③(2024·高考全国卷Ⅲ)Duetotheseproblems,wehopetogetyourhelpatyourconvenience(convenient).④(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Itendsabruptly(abrupt)at3,000meters,givingwaytolandsoflowgrowingplants.⑤(2024·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezing(freeze)astheyaremuchsweeter.2．完形填空①(2024·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Backhome,Ehlerswastroubledbythatlostdog.So,fourdayslater,hecalledhisfriendGreg,andthetwodroveback.Afteralongandcarefulsearch,Gregsaw,acrossafield,thedogmoving48away.Ehlerseventuallysucceededincoaxingtheanimaltohim.Nervousnessandfearwerereplacedwithjoy.Itjuststartedlicking(舔)Ehlers'face.A．cautiously B．casuallyC．skillfully D．angrily解析：依据后面的nervousnessandfear可知，那只狗受到惊吓，感到惊慌担忧和恐惊，因此当Greg望见它的时候，它正在当心谨慎地(cautiously)移动。casually“随意地”；skillfully“奇妙地，精致地”；angrily“生气地”。答案：A②(2024·高考江苏卷)Thiswasalongjourneyofunaccustomedhardshipandsurprisingrecovery.Whenleavinghome,RaynorandMothhadjust￡320inthebank.Theyplannedtokeepthebudgetlowbylivingonboilednoodles,withthe42hamburgershoptreat.A．frequent B．occasionalC．abundant D．constant解析：因为预算低，他们只能靠煮面条过活，间或(occasional)去汉堡店款待一下自己。空后的treat是名词，有“请客，款待”之意。frequent“常见的”；abundant“足够的”；constant“常常的”。答案：BⅢ.书面表达亮点练1．(2024·天津3月高考)在此，我为大家