北京市朝阳区第八十中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题（含解析）

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2024-2025学年北京市朝阳区第八十中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题一、阅读理解：本大题共14小题，共28分。AOldandunrestoredtheatresareallaroundusandyetsounnoticed.Anewphotobookunveilstheiroftenoverlookedbeauty.Proctor’sTheatre,Newark,NewJerseyAlthoughavailableoutdoorsfromstreetsellers,foodwasbannedintheatrestodisplayrespectability.Inthelate1920s,however,theoperatorsinProctor’sTheatreinNewarkbegantosetupstandstoimprovetheeconomicsituationduringtheGreatDepression.PopcornandCokewouldbecomeasignificantpartofthetheatre’sincome.Proctor’sTheatre,Troy,NewYorkOriginallyopenedasProctor’sFourthStreetTheatrein1914,ithostedfamouscomedianssuchasJackBennyandBobHope.From1929,itwassuccessivelytakenover,renamedasProctor’sTroyTheatreandswitchedtoscreeningfilms.Inthe1960s,itbeganplayingsecond-runfilmsbeforeclosingin1977.ItwaslistedontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces(NRHP)in1979.In2010,thetheatrewasrepairedbutiscurrentlynotbeingusedtoday.RKOKeith’sFlushingTheatre,NewYorkOriginallyopenedin1928,RKOKeith’sFlushingTheatrewasdesignedbyThomasLamb.In1982,itwaslistedontheNRHP.In1986,thetheatrewasboughtandclosedbyitsnewownerwhoplannedtobuildashoppingcentreonthesite,intentionallydamagingthehall.In2019,despitethepreservationefforts,thehallwasknockeddowntomakewayforaresidentialtowerblock.MetropolitanOperaHouse,PhiladelphiaThetheatrewasoriginallyopenedasthePhiladelphiaOperaHousein1908.Inthe1920s,itwasrenamedastheMetropolitanOperaHouse,showingsilentfilmsinadditiontohostingvariousoperacompanies.Inthe1940s,itbecameasportsarena.In1954,itwasturnedintoachurch.Inthelate1990s,thebuildingwaspurchasedbyMarkHatcher.Thechurchandthedevelopercametoanagreementonarepairforamusicvenuethatwascompletedandreopenedin2018.1.Inthelate1920s,Proctor’sTheatreinNewarksetupstandsto________.A.showrespectfortheguests B.increasethetheatre’sincome

C.promotenewlyreleasedmovies D.competewiththestreetsellers2.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.RKOKeith’sFlushingTheatreiswellpreserved.

B.Proctor’sTheatreinTroyplayssecond-runfilmsnow.

C.MetropolitanOperaHousehaswitnessedchangesinitsfunction.

D.Proctor’sTheatreinNewarkhasbeenofficiallylistedontheNRHP.3.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toranktheoldandunrestoredtheatres.

B.ToshowthedevelopmentofAmericantheatres.

C.Toencouragepeopletoprotecttheoldtheatres.

D.Toprovideinformationonoverlookedoldtheatres.BThroughoutmy41yearsatGeneralElectric,I’veexperiencedalot.Inthemedia,I’vegonefromprincetopigandbackagain.AndI’vebeencalledmanythings.Intheearlydays,somecalledmeacrazy,wildman.WhenIbecameCEOtwodecadesago,WallStreetasked,“Jackwho?”WhenItriedtomakeGEmorecompetitivebycuttingbackourworkforceintheearly1980s,themediacalledme“NeutronJack.”WhentheylearnedwewerefocusedonvaluesandcultureatGE,peopleaskedif“Jackhasgonesoft.”I’vebeenNo.1orNo.2Jack.ServicesJack,GlobalJack,and,inmorerecentyears,SixSigmaJackande-BusinessJack.WhenwemadeanefforttoacquireHoneywellinOctober2000,andIagreedtostayonthroughthetransition(过渡期),somethoughtofmeastheLong-in-the-ToothJackhangingonbyhisfingertipstohisCEOjob.Thosecharacterizationssaidlessaboutmeandalotmoreaboutthestageourcompanywentthrough.Truthis,downdeep,I’veneverreallychangedmuchfromtheboymymotherraisedinSalem,Massachusetts.WhenIstartedonthisjourneyin1981,standingbeforeWallStreetanalystsforthefirsttimeatNewYork’sPierreHotel,IsaidIwantedGEtobecome“themostcompetitiveenterpriseonearth.”Myobjectivewastoputasmall-companyspiritinabig-companybody,tobuildanorganizationoutofanold-lineindustrialcompanythatwouldbemorehigh—spirited,moreadaptable,andmoreflexiblethancompaniesthatareone-fiftiethoursize.IsaidthenthatIwantedtocreateacompany“wherepeopledaretotrynewthings—wherepeopleknowthatonlythelimitsoftheircreativityanddrive,theirownstandardsofpersonalexcellence,willbetheceilingonhowfarandhowfasttheymove.”I’veputmymind,myheart,andmycourageintothatjourneyeverydayofthe40-plusyearsI’vebeenluckyenoughtobeapartofGE.4.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs.theauthor__________.A.hadmanyupsanddowns

B.hadapoorimageinpublic

C.becameCEOofGE41yearsago

D.sufferedfromsomementalillnesses5.Astheauthorseesit,themanynicknamesofhimindicate__________.A.thechangeofhischaracterwiththetime

B.thevariousopinionsofdifferentjournalists

C.hispopularityamonghisfriendsandrelatives

D.hiscompany’sdifferentstagesofdevelopment6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“journey”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.TakingGEtoanewheight. B.Travellingfromhometooffice.

C.SeekingahigherpositioninGE. D.Growingfromababyintoanadult.CBirdsCan“Read”HumanGazeWeallknowthatpeoplesometimeschangetheirbehaviorwhensomeoneislookingtheirway.Now,anewstudyreportedonlineonApril2ndinCurrentBiologyshowsthatjackdaws—birdsrelatedtocrowswitheyesthatappearsimilartohumaneyes—candothesame.“Jackdawsseemtorecognizetheeye’sroleinvisualperception,orattheveryleasttheyareextremelysensitivetothewaythathumaneyesareoriented(朝向),”saidAugustevonBayern,formerlyoftheUniversityofCambridgeandnowattheUniversityofOxford.Whenpresentedwithapreferredfood,hand-raisedjackdawstooksignificantlylongertogettherewardwhenapersonwasdirectinghiseyestowardsthefoodthanwhenhewaslookingaway,accordingtotheresearchteamledbyNathanEmeryoftheUniversityofCambridgeandQueenMaryUniversityofLondon.Thebirdshesitatedonlywhenthepersonwasunfamiliarandthuspotentiallythreatening.Inaddition,thebirdswereabletointerprethumancommunicativegestures,suchasgazealternationandpointing,tohelpthemfindhiddenfood,theyfound.Thebirdswereunsuccessfulinusingunmovingcues,includingeyegazeorheadorientation.Unlikemostbirds,jackdaws’eyeshaveadarkpupilsurroundedbyasilverywhiteiris.Theresearcherssaidtheybelievejackdawsareprobablysensitivetohumaneyesbecause,asinhumans,eyesareanimportantmeansofcommunicationforthem.Thehand-raisedbirdsexaminedinthestudymaybeevenbetterthanwildjackdawsaattendingtohumangazeandrespondingtothegesturesofthepeoplewhohaveraisedthem.Thefindingsareparticularlynotablegiventhatmostotherspeciesinvestigatedsofar,includingourclosesrelativesthechimpanzeeand“man’sbestfriend,”thedog,arenotparticularlysensitivetoeyeorientationandeyegaze,vonBayernsaid.Rather,shecontinued,chimpsanddogsseemtorelyonothercuessuchasheadorbodyorientationindeterminingthelookingdirectionofothers.Theresultssuggestthatbirdsmaydeservemorerespectfortheirmentalabilities.“Wemayhaveunderstatedthepsychologicalworldofbirds,”vonBayernsaid.“Jackdaws,amongmanyotherbirds,formpairtiesforlifeandneedtohavemuchincommonandworktogetherwiththeirpartner,whichrequiresanefficientwayofcommunicatingandsensitivitytotheirpartner’sviewpoint.”7.Ahand-raisedjackdawhesitatestotakeapreferredfoodwhenthefeeder__________.A.islookingawayfromthefood B.holdsthefoodinhishand

C.islookingatthefood D.isunfamiliartothebird8.Accordingtoresearchers,jackdawscannoticehumaneyeorientationprobablybecause_________.A.likehumans,theyalsouseeyestocommunicate

B.theyarefarmoreintelligentthanotherbirds

C.theyaremostlyhand-raisedbyhumans

D.theireyesalsohaveadarkpupil9.Whydoestheauthorrefertochimpanzeesanddogs?A.Tosuggestthattheyaremuchbetteratinterpretinggazealternation.

B.Toreflecthowuniquejackdawsareinbeingabletonoticegazeorientation.

C.loshowthattheycommunicatemorefrequentlywithhumansthanjackdaws.

D.Tomakeclearthattheyrelyonothermeansindeterminingpeople’sintention.10.Whatdoestheresearchfindingsuggest?A.Notalljackdawsaregoodatattendingtohumangaze.

B.Wemayhaveunderstatedjackdaws’mentalabilities.

C.Weknowembarrassinglylessaboutbirdsthanweassume.

D.Thecloserwecommunicatewithanimals,thebetterweunderstandthem.DTheSecretofSuccessTherecipeforsucceedinginanygivenfieldishardlyamystery:goodideas,hardwork,discipline,imagination,perseveranceandmaybealittleluck.Oh,andlet’snotforgetfailure,whichDashunWangandhiscolleaguesatNorthwesternUniversitycall“theessentialprerequisite(先决条件)forsuccess”inanewpaper.Butnoteveryfailureleadstosuccess,headds.Andwhateventuallyseparatesthewinnersfromthelosers,theresearchshows,certainlyisnotpersistence.Oneofthemoreinterestingfindingsinthepaper,publishedlastOctoberinNature,isthatthepeoplewhoeventuallysucceededandthepeoplewhoeventuallyfailedtriedbasicallythesamenumberoftimestoachievetheirgoals.Itturnsoutthattryingagainandagainonlyworksifyoulearnfromyourpreviousfailures.Theideaistoworksmart,nothard.Youhavetofigureoutwhatworkedandwhatdidn’t,andthenfocusonwhatneedstobeimprovedinsteadofstrugglingaroundandchangingeverything,”saysWang.“Thepeoplewhofaileddidn’tnecessarilyworklessthanthosewhosucceeded.Theycouldactuallyhaveworkedmore:it’sjustthattheymademoreunnecessarychanges.”Astheyexplored“themechanismsgoverningthedynamicsoffailure”,Wang’steamidentifiedwhattheydescribeaspreviouslyunknownstatisticalsignaturesthatseparatesuccessfulgroupsfromunsuccessfulgroups,makingitpossibletopredicttheirfinaloutcomes.Onesuchkeyindicatoristhetimebetweenconsecutive(连续的)failedattempts,whichshoulddecreasesteadily.Inotherwords,thefasteryoufail,thebetteryourchancesofsuccess,andthemoretimebetweenattempts,themorelikelyyouaretofailagain.“Ifsomeonehasappliedforagrantandtheyarethreefailuresin,”Wangsays,“ifwejustlookatthetimingbetweenthefailures,wewillbeabletopredictwhethertheywilleventuallysucceedornot.”Workingwithsuchlarge-scaledata,Wangandhiscolleagueswereabletoidentifyacriticalpointthatwascommontoeachofthehundredsofthousandsofundertakingstheyhadanalyzed,aforkintheroadwhereonepathleadstoadevelopmentregionandoneleadstoastagnationregion.Wangpointsoutthattheexistenceofthetippingpointcutsagainstthetraditionalexplanationsforfailureorsuccess,suchasluckoraperson’sworkhabits.“Whatwe’reshowinghereisthatevenintheabsenceofsuchdifferences,youcanstillhaveverydifferentoutcomes.”hesays.Whatmattersishowpeoplefail,howtheyrespondtofailureandwherethosefailureslead.11.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2that________.A.winnersaremorepersistentthanlosers

B.failureisnotimportantforsuccessatall

C.moretryingdoesn’tnecessarilyresultinsuccess

D.winnersandlosersdifferinhowmanytimestheytried12.Wangandhiscolleaguesbelievethat________.A.noonecanobtainsuccesswithoutfailure

B.failurecansometimeshelppredictsuccess

C.theperformancepatternisdifficulttoidentify

D.thecriticalpointhadbeendiscoveredbychance13.Theunderlinedphrase“astagnationregion”inParagraph6referstoaregion________.A.withoutprogress B.beyondrecognition

C.unknowntooutsiders D.initselementarystage14.WhatistheconclusionofWang’sresearch?A.Winnerstrylessthanlosers.butgainmore.

B.Perseveranceistheutmostsecrettosuccess.

C.Workingsmartcouldturnfailuresintofuturesuccesses.

D.Luckandworkhabitshardlymakeanydifferencetotheresult.二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。LifelongMusiciansHaveBetterHearingPlayingamusicalinstrumentthroughoutyourlifeprotectsyourhearing,aCanadianstudysuggests.Thestudy,whichwaspublishedinPsychologyandAging,carriedouthearingtestson74adultmusiciansand89non-musicians.

15ActiononHearingLosssaidallpeople-includingmusicians-shouldtrytopreventhearingdamage.

16

Bysixty,10-30%ofpeoplehavemoderatehearingloss.Byeighty,thatgoesuptoasmanyas60%.Problemsareparticularlyseeninthecentralauditoryprocessingsystem,whichisassociatedwithunderstandingspeech,especiallywhenthereisbackgroundnoise.Thenaresearch,byateamattheRotmanResearchInstituteinToronto,lookedatadultswereaffectedastheyaged.Theychosebothmusiciansandnon-musiciansfromtheageof18to91anddividedthemintodifferentgroupsbasedontheage.Againmusiciansweresignificantlybetteratpickingoutspeechagainstnoiseinalltheageranges.

17

BenjaminZendel,whowaspartoftheresearchteam,said:“Wefoundthatbeingamusicianmaycontributetobetterhearinginoldage,probablyduetomusiciansusingtheirhearingsystemsatahighlevelonaregularbasis.Thisadvantagewidenedconsiderablyformusiciansastheygotolderwhencomparedtosimilar-agednon-musicians.”Thisstudysuggeststhatmusiciansmightbemoreabletodealwiththeconsequencesofhearingloss.

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AsDr.RalphHolmesaid,allpeople-includingmusicians-shouldtrytopreventhearingdamageinthefirstplace.It’snecessaryforeveryonewhoplaysamusicalinstrumentorlistenstoloudmusictowearhearingprotection.

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A．Hearingnormallydeclinesaspeopleage.B．Previousstudiesexplainedthereasonsforhearingloss.C．Thatcaneffectivelyreducetheriskofdamagingtheirhearingpermanently.D．Still,itisfarbettertominimizedamagebyusingappropriateearprotection.E．Theybelievedmusiciansarealsolikelytoexperienceage-relatedhearingproblems.F．Theresearchersconcludedthatlifelongmusicianshipdelaysage-relatedchangesinhearing.G．Itfounda70-year-oldmusician’swasasgoodasthatofa50-year-oldwhodidn’tplay.三、完形填空：本大题共10小题，共15分。ALabradorhasbeendoinganimportantjobtohelppeoplestaysafeduringtheCOVID-19pandemic.Eight-year-oldRobyrunsthroughthestreetsofthehillycityofMedellinseveraltimesadaywitha

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inhisjaws,takingvegetables,fruitandpackagedfoodstocustomersoftheFresh4Umini-market.“Hehelpsustomaintainsocialdistancing,”saidRoby’owner,SherryBotero.“Andpeople

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itwhenwesendthedog.”Robyenjoyseatingcarrots

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tohimbycustomers,atipforbringingabasketoffood.Robywasn’talwaysastar.Hewasacceptedintothefamily

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byMsBoteroafterrepeatedrequestsbyhersonto

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adog.ButMsBoteroquickly

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withthedog.Andwhensheopenedamini-marketfouryearsago,hestartedtoaccompanyhertomakedeliveries.Robycan’tread

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.Butheremembersthenamesofcustomerswhohavepreviouslyrewardedhimwithtreats.Andwithsomepractice,hehaslearnedtogototheirhousesonhisown.“Heknowsthenamesoffiveorsixofourcustomers,”MsBoterosaid,“SoIsendthegoodswithareceiptinthebasket,andmycustomers

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methroughabanktransfer(转账；转移).”Robymightnotknowthathe’sbecomean

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worker.Butheishappytohelphisownerand

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hisdailypay.20.A.bag B.chain C.basket D.stick21.A.respect B.love C.follow D.notice22.A.gifted B.returned C.lent D.donated23.A.intentionally B.regretfully C.immediately D.unwillingly24.A.adopt B.train C.adore D.walk25.A.gotaway B.keptintouch C.caughtup D.fellinlove26.A.minds B.addresses C.numbers D.receipts27.A.treat B.help C.pay D.impress28.A.essential B.honest C.optimistic D.adventurous29.A.spend B.calculate C.collect D.increase四、语法填空：本大题共3小题，共45分。Today,thereisatrendthattheyoungstershaven'tenoughsleepduringthenight.LackofsleepamongchildrenandteenagersinChina

1

(get)worseinthepasttenyears,withmorethan80percentgettinginsufficientsleeponschooldays,areport

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(publish)onMondaysaid.Chineseyoungsterssleptanaverageof7.8hoursanightonschooldayslastyear,20minutes

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(little)thanin2009，accordingtothereportfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences'InstituteofPsychology.BasedonARandVR,themetaverseaimstobringpeopleclosertogetherinanonlinesetting,enablingthemtobeconnectedinwaystheycouldn’tbebefore.Imagine

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(attend)ameetingfromthecomfortofyourcouch,whereyoudon’tdressup,butyouravatardoes.You

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(seat)atavirtualtablewithotherpeoplewhosereactionsandbodylanguagecanbejudgedjustaswellastheywouldbeinreallife.Ametaversecouldverylikelybringthese

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(imagine)toreality,andsoon.Everyonehasasenseofhumor,butit’sprettyevidentthatnoteverybodyhasagoodsenseofit.Psychologistsaredividedon

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humorisinbornorlearnable.However,thereisonethingthat

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(accept)universallysofar—thesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman.Itisassociatedwithlaughterandlaughterisassociatedwithhappinessandcourage.Thesearequalities

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(share)withotherformsoflife.Butifhappinessisoneofthegoals

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(chase)inlife,thenitisthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey.五、阅读表达：本大题共1小题，共10分。33.Isitbetterforourbodiestoworkoutatcertaintimesoftheday?Scientistshaveknownforsometimethateverytissueinourbodiescontainsakindofbiologicalclockthatgoesoffinresponsetomessagesrelatedtoourdailyexposuretolight,foodandsleep.However,whetherandhowexercisetimingmightinfluencemetabolic(新陈代谢的)healthhasbeenlessclear,andtheresultsofpastexperimentshavenotalwaysagreed.Amuch-discussed2019studyfoundthatmenwithType2diabetes(糖尿病)whocompletedafewminutesofhigh-intensityinterval(间隔)sessionsintheafternoonimprovedtheirblood-sugarcontrolaftertwoweeks.PatrickSchrauwen,aprofessorofnutritionandmovementsciencesreadthat2019studywithinterest.HehadbeenstudyingexerciseinpeoplewithType2diabetes,buthadnotconsideredthepossibleroleoftiming.Now,seeingthevaryingimpactsoftheintenseworkouts,hewonderedifthetimingofworkoutsmightsimilarlyaffecthowtheworkoutschangedpeople’smetabolisms.Incidentally,heandhiscolleagueshadaready-madesourceofdataintheirownpriorexperiment.Severalyearsearlier,theyhadaskedadultmenathighriskforType2diabetestoridestationarybicyclesatthelabthreetimesaweekfor12weeks,whiletheresearcherstrackedtheirmetabolichealth.Theyalsohadnotedwhentheridersshowedupfortheirworkouts.Theresearcherspulleddataforthe12menwhoconsistentlyhadworkedoutbetween8and10a.m.andcomparedthemwithanother20whoalwaysexercisedbetween3and6p.m.Theyfoundthatthebenefitsofafternoonworkoutsfaroutweighedthoseofmorningexercise.Hesays,“Thisstudydoessuggestthatafternoonexercisemaybemorebeneficialforpeoplewithdisturbedmetabolismsthanthesameexercisedoneearlier.Theparticularandmosteffectiveexerciseforeachofuswilllineupwithourdailyroutinesandexercisetendenciesbecauseexerciseisgoodforusatanytimeofday—butonlyifwechoosetokeepdoingit.”(1)WhatinspiredProfessorSchrauwentocarryouttheresearchrelatedtothetimingofworkouts?_________________________________________(2)WhatdidSchrauwen’snewstudyfigureout?_________________________________________(3)Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.ProfessorSchrauwenandhiscolleaguescarriedouttheresearchbyusingthenewly-collecteddataandmakingcomparisonsbetweentwodifferentsubjectgroups.__________________________________________________________________________________(4)Whendoyouthinkisthebesttimeforyoutoexercise?Why?(about40words)_______________________________________________________________________________________六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共25分。34.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班的交换生Jim对中华传统文化感兴趣，准备下学期选修一门相关课程，向你征询建议。请给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：1.推荐一门选修课；2.说明推荐的理由；3.提出学习这门课程的建议。注意：1.词数不少于50；2.邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、C、D【解析】【文章大意】文章介绍了四个被人们忽略的古老剧院。

1.

根据Proctor'sTheatre,Newark,NewJersey部分中的Inthelate1920s,however...partofthetheatre'sincome.（然而，在20世纪20年代末，纽瓦克普洛克特剧院的经营者开始设立摊位，以改善大萧条期间的经济状况。爆米花和可乐成为剧院收入的重要组成部分。）可知，纽瓦克普洛克特剧院设立摊位是为了增加剧院的收入。故选B。

2.

根据MetropolitanOperaHouse,Philadelphia部分中的Inthe1920s,itwasrenamedas...andreopenedin2018.（在20世纪20年代，它被重新命名为大都会歌剧院，除了主办各种歌剧演出团外，还放映默片。在20世纪40年代，它变成了一个运动场。1954年，它被改成了教堂。在20世纪90年代末，这栋建筑被MarkHatcher买下。教堂和开发商就一个音乐场地的维修达成了协议，该场地于2018年完工并重新开放。）可知，大都会歌剧院的功能发生了变化。故选C。

3.

根据第一段Oldandunrestoredtheatresareallaroundusandyetsounnoticed.Anewphotobookunveilstheiroftenoverlookedbeauty.（我我们周围到处都是古老的、未修复的剧院，但却没有人注意到。一本新的摄影集揭示了它们经常被忽视的美丽。）以及下文对四个古老剧院的介绍可推知，文章的目的是提供一些有关被忽略的古老剧院的资料。故选D。4~6.【答案】A、D、A【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在通用电气公司的职业生涯和心路历程。

1.

推理判断题。根据第一段“Throughoutmy41yearsatGeneralElectric,I’veexperiencedalot.Inthemedia,I’vegonefromprincetopigandbackagain.AndI’vebeencalledmanythings.(在通用电气的41年里，我经历了很多。在媒体上，我从王子变成了猪，然后又变了回来。我也有过很多称呼。)”以及第二段“Intheearlydays,somecalledmeacrazy,wildman.WhenIbecameCEOtwodecadesago,WallStreetasked,“Jackwho?”(刚开始的时候，有人说我是一个疯狂、野蛮的人。20年前，当我成为首席执行官时，华尔街问我：“杰克是谁？”)”可知，作者经历了很多起起落落。故选A。

2.

细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Thosecharacterizationssaidlessaboutmeandalotmoreaboutthestageourcompanywentthrough.(这些描述更多地反映了我们公司所经历的阶段，而不是我自己。)”可知，在作者看来，他的许多绰号表明了他的公司的不同发展阶段。故选D。

3.

词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“IsaidthenthatIwantedtocreateacompany“wherepeopledaretotrynewthings—wherepeopleknowthatonlythelimitsoftheircreativityanddrive,theirownstandardsofpersonalexcellence,willbetheceilingonhowfarandhowfasttheymove.”(我当时说，我想创建一家公司，“在那里，人们敢于尝试新事物，在那里，人们知道，只有他们的创造力和动力的极限，他们自己的个人卓越标准，才是他们前进的距离和速度的上限。”)”和最后一段“I’veputmymind,myheart,andmycourageintothatjourneyeverydayofthe40-plusyearsI’vebeenluckyenoughtobeapartofGE.(40多年来，我有幸成为通用电气的一员，在这段旅程的每一天，我都倾注了我的心血和勇气。)”可知，作者想要通用电气的员工敢于尝试新事物，发挥创造力，不断进步，即这是一段把通用电气带到一个新的高度的过程，故journey在此处的意思是“将通用电气带到一个新的高度”。A.TakingGEtoanewheight将通用电气推向了一个新的高度；B.Travellingfromhometooffice从家到办公室的旅行；C.SeekingahigherpositioninGE在通用电气公司寻求更高的职位；D.Growingfromababyintoanadult从婴儿成长为成年人。故选A。7~10.【答案】D、A、B、B【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了实验发现鸟类可以“读懂”人类的凝视，科学家们推测也许鸟类也是用眼睛交流的，人类一直以来都忽视了鸟类的心理世界。

1.

细节理解题。根据第三段“Whenpresentedwithapreferredfood,hand-raisedjackdawstooksignificantlylongertogettherewardwhenapersonwasdirectinghiseyestowardsthefoodthanwhenhewaslookingaway,accordingtotheresearchteamledbyNathanEmeryoftheUniversityofCambridgeandQueenMaryUniversityofLondon.Thebirdshesitatedonlywhenthepersonwasunfamiliarandthuspotentiallythreatening.(剑桥大学和伦敦玛丽女王大学的研究团队（由内森·埃默里领导）发现，当被给予喜爱的食物时，如果有人在注视着食物，那么人工饲养的寒鸦获取奖励的时间会明显长于那人没有注视食物时。只有当这个人是陌生的且可能构成威胁时，寒鸦才会表现出犹豫。)”可知，当喂食人是不熟悉的人时，鸟类在面对喜欢的食物是犹豫之后才吃，故选D。

2.

细节理解题。根据第五段中“Unlikemostbirds,jackdaws’eyeshaveadarkpupilsurroundedbyasilverywhiteiris.Theresearcherssaidtheybelievejackdawsareprobablysensitivetohumaneyesbecause,asinhumans,eyesareanimportantmeansofcommunicationforthem.(与大多数鸟类不同，寒鸦的眼睛有一个黑色的瞳孔，周围是银白色的虹膜。研究人员说，他们认为寒鸦可能对人类的眼睛很敏感，因为和人类一样，眼睛是它们重要的交流手段。)”可知，研究人员称，寒鸦能注意到人眼的方向，可能是因为像人类一样，它们也用眼睛交流，故选A。

3.

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Thefindingsareparticularlynotablegiventhatmostotherspeciesinvestigatedsofar,includingourclosesrelativesthechimpanzeeand“man’sbestfriend,”thedog,arenotparticularlysensitivetoeyeorientationandeyegaze,vonBayernsaid.Rather,shecontinued,chimpsanddogsseemtorelyonothercuessuchasheadorbodyorientationindeterminingthelookingdirectionofothers.Theresultssuggestthatbirdsmaydeservemorerespectfortheirmentalabilities.(冯·拜仁说，考虑到迄今为止研究的大多数其他物种，包括我们的近亲黑猩猩和“人类最好的朋友”狗，对眼睛的方向和凝视并不特别敏感，这一发现尤其值得注意。相反，她继续说，黑猩猩和狗似乎依靠其他信号，如头部或身体的方向，来确定其他动物的视线方向。研究结果表明，鸟类的智力应该得到更多的尊重。)”可知，狗和黑猩猩对眼睛的方向和凝视并不特别敏感，而鸟类不一样，故推知作者提到黑猩猩和狗是为了反映寒鸦能够注意到凝视方向的独特性，故选B。

4.

细节理解题。根据最后一段““Wemayhaveunderstatedthepsychologicalworldofbirds,”vonBayernsaid.“Jackdaws,amongmanyotherbirds,formpairtiesforlifeandneedtohavemuchincommonandworktogetherwiththeirpartner,whichrequiresanefficientwayofcommunicatingandsensitivitytotheirpartner’sviewpoint.”(“我们可能低估了鸟类的心理世界，”冯·拜仁说。“在许多其他鸟类中，寒鸦是终生的伴侣关系，需要有很多共同点，并与伴侣一起工作，这需要一种有效的沟通方式，并对伴侣的观点敏感。”)”可知，研究结果表明了我们可能低估了鸟类的心理世界，故选B。11~14.【答案】C、B、A、C【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了成功的秘密。

1.

推理判断题。根据第二段“Butnoteveryfailureleadstosuccess,headds.Andwhateventuallyseparatesthewinnersfromthelosers,theresearchshows,certainlyisnotpersistence.Oneofthemoreinterestingfindingsinthepaper,publishedlastOctoberin

Nature,isthatthepeoplewhoeventuallysucceededandthepeoplewhoeventuallyfailedtriedbasicallythesamenumberoftimestoachievetheirgoals.(但他补充说，并不是每一次失败都会导致成功。研究显示，最终区分赢家和输家的，当然不是坚持不懈。去年10月发表在《自然》杂志上的一篇论文中有一个更有趣的发现，那就是最终成功的人和最终失败的人为实现目标所尝试的次数基本相同。)”可知，更多的尝试不一定会带来成功。故选C。

2.

推理判断题。根据第五段中“Inotherwords,thefasteryoufail,thebetteryourchancesofsuccess,andthemoretimebetweenattempts,themorelikelyyouaretofailagain.“Ifsomeonehasappliedforagrantandtheyarethreefailuresin,”Wangsays,“ifwejustlookatthetimingbetweenthefailures,wewillbeabletopredictwhethertheywilleventuallysucceedornot.”(换句话说，失败的速度越快，成功的机会就越大，两次尝试之间的间隔时间越长，再次失败的可能性就越大。“如果有人申请了一项资助，但他们失败了三次，”王说，“如果我们只看两次失败之间的时间间隔，我们就能预测他们最终是否会成功。”)”可知，从两次失败的时间间隔可以帮助预测最终是否能成功，即失败有时可以帮助预测成功。故选B。

3.

词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Workingwithsuchlarge-scaledata,Wangandhiscolleagueswereabletoidentifyacriticalpointthatwascommontoeachofthehun