2025版高考英语一轮复习第1部分人与自我主题群1生活与学习主题语境2降的生活方式积极的生活态度1教师用书教案

PAGE主题语境(二)健康的生活方式、主动的生活看法(1)阅读理解A(2024·新高考卷Ⅰ·D)AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch，boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions，it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits，theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan，eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate，theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit，takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However，theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtest，inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase，shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest：theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore，sowillI．Callitthe“I'llhavewhatshe'shaving”effect.However，we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion，I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot，I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim，whycan'tI?【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲解并描述了探讨表明，与你一同进食的同伴会影响你的饮食习惯，想要减肥的人应当避开同食量大的瘦人一起进食。1．Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A．Foodsafety.B．Movieviewership.C．Consumerdemand.D．Eatingbehavior.D[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段为全文的主题段，即《消费者探讨杂志》最近的一项探讨表明，我们的饮食同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量，而且要避开同食量大的瘦人一起进食。结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了饮食行为，故D项正确。]2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inParagraph1referto?A．Bigeaters.B．Overweightpersons.C．Pickyeaters.D．Tallthinpersons.D[词义揣测题。依据第一段其次句“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.”可知，探讨表明，与现有的探讨发觉(应当避开和食量大的胖人一起吃饭)相反，你真正须要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。依据“contraryto”可知，画线词与heavierpeople含义相反，故D项正确。]3．Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?A．Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B．Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C．Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D．Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.A[推理推断题。依据其次段中的“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits，theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.”可知，为了验证社交对饮食习惯的影响，探讨人员进行了两个试验；再结合下文介绍的两个试验可知，聘用演员参与试验旨在查看演员对参与试验的人的饮食习惯的影响，故A项正确。]4．Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?A．Howhungryweare.B．Howslimwewanttobe.C．Howweperceiveothers.D．Howwefeelaboutthefood.C[推理推断题。依据尾段中的“Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore，sowillI．..becauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.”可知，假如这个同伴准备吃得更多，我也会吃得更多；但是，我们将调整影响。假如一个超重的人吃了很多，我会略微保留一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。据此可以推知，我们对自己饮食的调整是以分析他人的饮食习惯和结果(即如何看待他人)为基础的，故C项正确。]B(2024·江苏卷·C)Forthosewhocanstomach_it，workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst，accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However，farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.Tofindout，Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen，whoselifestylesare，forbetterandworse，representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen'sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratesandtooksamples(样品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.Then，ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists'lab，eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat，intheory，shouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneoftheseworkouts，themenskippedbreakfast，meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食)．Ontheotheroccasion，theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout，thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen'sbloodandfattissue.Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously，themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult，theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand，theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里)，onaverage，duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant，theresearchersfound.Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently，dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白质)thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰岛素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise，itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明白早饭前熬炼比早饭后熬炼给身体带来的好处更多。5．Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“________”．A．digestthemealeasilyB．managewithoutbreakfastC．decidewiselywhattoeatD．eatwhateverisofferedB[词义揣测题。此处考查stomach的熟词生义，该词在本句中意为“忍受”；另外，结合常识可以推断，有的人熬炼前不吃早饭是受不了的，所以此处意为“假如可以忍受空腹的话，在吃早餐前去熬炼比吃过早餐后去熬炼好处更多”，故B项正确。]6．Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?A．Theirlifestylesweretypicalofordinarypeople.B．Theirlackofexerciseledtooverweight.C．Theycouldwalkatanaveragespeed.D．Theyhadslowmetabolicrates.A[细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen，whoselifestylesare，forbetterandworse，representativeofthoseofmostofus”可知，选中的这十个人就是大众的代表，故A项正确。]7．Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?A．Theysuccessfullylostweight.B．Theyconsumedabitmorecalories.C．Theyburnedmorefatonaverage.D．Theydisplayedhigherinsulinlevels.B[推理推断题。依据第六段中的“Ontheotherhand，theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里)，onaverage，duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.”可知，熬炼前吃早餐的人相对而言在熬炼时燃烧的卡路里稍多一些，故B项正确。]8．Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?A．Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.B．Toomanyworkoutsoftenslowmetabolicrates.C．Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.D．Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.D[推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“togainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise，itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst”可知，早饭前熬炼给身体带来的健康方面的好处更多，故选D。]阅读七选五(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair.”1Accordingtorecentstudies，theanswerisabigYES，iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.2Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife­giving，energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors，yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply，allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.Recently，peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈)．3Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen，growingthingscanreducestress，lowerbloodpressure，andputpeopleintoabettermood(心情)．Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.45Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin，theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD．TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking，andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.A．Freshaircleansourlungs.B．Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C．Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D．Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E．Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F．Justasimportantly，wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.G．Allacrossthecountry，recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了呼吸簇新空气和接近大自然有益于身心健康。1．E[关联逻辑法解题。空格前一句说我们都是听着人们说的“出去呼吸点儿簇新空气”长大的，空格后一句说答案是确定的。由此可推断E项“但是簇新空气真的像你妈妈总说的那样对你有好处吗？”符合语境。本设空类型属于细微环节理解类。]2．A[设题位置法解题。依据空格后的内容可知，假如人们呼吸的空气是干净的，那么空气中就充溢了维持生命的、让人充溢活力的氧气。假如在户外熬炼，人的身体会学会深呼吸，让更多的氧气进入肌肉和大脑。所以本段主要说的是呼吸簇新空气的好处，故A项“簇新空气清洁我们的肺”符合语境。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。]3．G[词汇锁定法解题。空格后的theseplaces与G项中的recoverycenters相呼应，因此G项“全国各地的康复中心已经起先建立康复花园”符合语境。本设空类型属于细微环节理解类。]4．C[关联逻辑法解题。空格前介绍了接近大自然、看绿色植物对病人的康复有益，空格后一句说“它给我们内心一种极大的平和的感觉”，由此可推断出空格处应当表达置身于大自然的好处，故选C项“置身于大自然使我们精神焕发”。本设空类型为细微环节理解类。]5．D[设题位置法解题。空格后一句说，虽然阳光会使我们的皮肤苍老并受到损害，但阳光也能带来有益的维生素D。这应当是呼吸簇新空气附带的好处，故D项“呼吸簇新空气的另一个附带好处是阳光”符合语境，D项中的sunlight与空格后的thesun'srays相呼应。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。]完形填空(2024·江苏卷)RaynorWinnandherhusbandMothbecamehomelessduetotheirwronginvestment.Theirsavingshadbeen1topaylawyers'fees.Tomakemattersworse,Mothwasdiagnosed(诊断)witha2disease.Therewasno3，onlypainrelief.Failingtofindanyotherwayout,theydecidedtomakea4journey,astheycaughtsightofanoldhikers'(徒步旅行者)guide.Thiswasalongjourneyofunaccustomedhardshipand5recovery.Whenleavinghome,RaynorandMothhadjust￡320inthebank.Theyplannedtokeepthe6lowbylivingonboilednoodles,withthe7hamburgershoptreat.Wildcampingis8inEngland.Toavoidbeingcaught,theWinnshadtogettheirtentup9andpackeditawayearlyinthemorning.TheWinnssoondiscoveredthatdailyhikingintheir50sisalot10thantheyrememberitwasintheir20s.Raynor11alloveranddesiredabath.Moth,meanwhile,afteraninitial12，foundhissymptomswerestrangely1314，thecouplefoundthattheirbodiesturnedforthebetter,withre­foundstrongmusclesthattheythoughthad15forever.“Ourhairwasfriedandfallingout,nailsbroken,clothes16toathread,butwewerealive.”Duringthejourney,Raynorbeganacareerasanaturewriter.Shewrites,“17hadtakeneverymaterialthingfrommeandleftmetornbare,anemptypageattheendofa(n)18writtenbook.Ithadalsogivenmea19，eithertoleavethatpage20ortokeepwritingthestorywithhope.Ichosehope.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了Winn夫妇投资失败变得一无全部，更糟糕的是，丈夫被诊断出得了严峻的疾病。然而他们没有放弃，确定徒步野外旅行。出乎意料的是，丈夫的症状慢慢削减了，夫妇二人变得越来越强壮了，妻子也起先了自然作家的生涯。1．A.drawnup B．usedupC．backedup D．keptupB[依据后面的“topaylawyers'fees”提示可知，他们的积蓄都用光了。故选B。]2．A.mild B．commonC．preventable D．seriousD[依据后句“Therewasno________，onlypainrelief.”可知，Moth被诊断出得了严峻的疾病。故选D。]3．A.cure B．luckC．care D．promiseA[考查名词以及对语境的理解。名词cure在这里表示“治疗的方法”。没有任何治疗的方法，只有止疼。故选A。]4．A.business B．walkingC．bus D．railB[依据后句“astheycaughtsightofanoldhikers'(徒步旅行者)guide”可知，他们确定做一次徒步旅行。故选B。]5．A.expected B．frighteningC．disappointing D．surprisingD[这是一次漫长的旅程，却收到了惊人的康复效果。故选D。]6．A.budget B．revenueC．compensation D．allowanceA[他们支配靠吃煮面条来维持低预算。故选A。]7．A.frequent B．occasionalC．abundant D．constantB[依据语境可知，他们间或到汉堡包店款待一下自己。故选B。]8．A.unpopular B．lawfulC．attractive D．illegalD[依据后句“Toavoidbeingcaught”，可知，在英国，野营是非法的。故选D。]9．A.soon B．earlyC．late D．slowlyC[依据后句“andpackeditawayearlyinthemorning”中的early提示可知，他们不得不晚些时候把帐篷搭起来。故选C。]10．A.harder B．easierC．cheaper D．funnierA[Winns夫妇很快发觉，他们在50多岁时的徒步旅行要比记忆中的20多岁时艰难得多。故选A。]11．A.rolled B．bledC．ached D．trembledC[依据常识可知，50多岁的人徒步旅行一天会浑身疼。故选C。]12．A.struggle B．progressC．excitement D．researchA[经过最初的与病魔做斗争，Moth发觉他的症状不行思议地削减了。故选A。]13．A.developed B．controlledC．reduced D．increasedC[参见上题解析。]14．A.Initially B．EventuallyC．Temporarily D．ConsequentlyB[最终(eventually)，这对夫妇发觉他们的身体都有所好转。故选B。]15．A.gained B．keptC．wounded D．lostD[依据前句“withre­foundstrongmuscles”可知，他们原以为恒久失去的强壮的肌肉重新出现了。故选D。]16．A.sewn B．washedC．worn D．ironedC[这里指他们的衣服破成了线状物。故选C。]17．A.Doctors B．HikingC．Lawyers D．HomelessnessD[依据语境可知，无家可归夺走了“我”全部的物质，让“我”一贫如洗，就像已写好的一本书最终的空白页。故选D。]18．A.well B．partlyC．neatly D．originallyB[参见上题解析。]19．A.choice B．rewardC．promise D．breakA[依据后句“eithertoleavethatpage________ortokeepwritingthestorywithhope”中either...or...可知，这里是一种选择。它也给我一种选择。故选A。]20．A.loose B．fullC．blank D．missingC[依据前文中“anemptypageattheendofa(n)________writtenbook”可知，要么留下那页空白，要么带着希望接着故事。故选C。]Ⅰ.写出所给单词的汉语意思1．intaken.(食物、饮料等的)摄取量，吸入量2．contraryadj.相对立的；相反的3．portionn.(食物的)一份，一客4．viewershipn.(电视节目或频道的)观众人数，观众类型5．versionn.(电影、剧本、乐曲等的)版本，改编形式，改写本6．inactiveadj.不活跃的7．representativen．代表8．tissuen．(人、动植物细胞的)组织；_纸巾，手巾纸9．overnightadv.一夜之间；在夜间10．workoutn.熬炼11．implicationn.含意；示意12．skipv.不做(应做的事等)；不参与；跳动；跳绳；遗漏；跳读13．energizev.使活跃；_使精力充足；_激励14．oxygenn.氧气15．greeneryn.绿色植物16．rayn．光线17．refreshv.使复原精力；使凉快18．unaccustomedadj.不习惯的；惊奇的Ⅱ.依据所给汉语写出英文单词1．companionn.伙伴；侣伴；陪伴；指南；手册2．appetiten.食欲；胃口；猛烈欲望3．conductv.组织，实施，进行；指挥(音乐)；带领，引导；举止，表现；传导(热或电)4._significantlyadv.有重大意义地；显著地5．adjustv.调整，使……适合；校准6．branchn.分支；分公司；分部；树枝；支流；岔路7．recoverv.复原；弥补8．investmentn.投资；投入9．treatn．&v.款待；款待Ⅲ.依据所给提示写出派生单词1．consumev．吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(燃料、能量、时间等)→consumptionn.(能量、食物或材料的)消耗，消耗量→consumern．消费者2．influencen．&v.影响；作用；对……起作用→influentialadj.有很大影响的；有支配力的3．individualadj.&n．个人的；个别的；独特的；个人；个体→individuallyadv.个别地；单独地4．behavev．举止→behavio(u)rn．行为；举动5．fitadj.健康的；强健的；适合的；能胜任的v．适合；使(衣服)合身；使适应；使胜任n．适合；合身→fitnessn.健壮；健康；适合6．additionn．增加的人或物→additionaladj.附加的；另外的7．benefitn．&v.优势；好处；成效；对(某人)有用；使受益；得益于；得利于→beneficialadj.有利的；有裨益的；有用的8．breathev．呼吸→breathn．呼吸9．harmv．损害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.无害的Ⅳ.依据所给汉语写出惯用习语1．help_oneself_to随意吃；自行取用2．hold_back隐瞒；退缩；抑制；阻挡3．for_better_and_worse无论好还是坏4．turn_out结果是……，证明是……5．to_make_matters_worse更糟糕的是6．catch_sight_of看到；瞥见[即时演练]单句语法填空1．Ithinkallofusshouldmindourbehavior(behave)inpublicplaces.2．Sheisoneofthemostinfluential(influence)figuresinlocalpolitics.3．Somecompromiseswereunavoidable,butthevideoturnedoutperfect.4．It'sjustaninformalparty,soit'snotfitforyouto_dress(dress)likethat.5．Thestudentsbenefiting(benefit)mostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengagedinacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege'schancesandresources.6．Themomenthecaughtsightofthepolice,thethiefranawayasfastashecould.7．WewereluckytobeinvitedtoaconcertbythePhilharmonicOrchestra,conducted(conduct)bySirColinDavis.8．Myfatherhasmadeafullrecovery(recover)fromtheoperation.9．Thisisthemainfactordrivinginvestment(invest)inthearea.Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1．Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.吃2．Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD．使变老Ⅱ.似易实难1．Butifathinpersoneatsalot，I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim，whycan'tI?[译文]但假如一个瘦人吃了很多，我也会这么做。假如他可以吃很多还能保持身材，我为什么不能呢？2．Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen，whoselifestylesare，forbetterandworse，representativeofthoseofmostofus.[译文]他们首先找到10个超重、不活跃但其他方面很健康的年轻男性，他们的生活方式，无论好坏，都代表了我们大多数人。Ⅲ.困难晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1．Manyofthesegenesproduceproteinsthatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulinlevelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.[分析]本句是一个复合句。thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulinlevelsthroughoutthebody为定语从句修饰先行词proteins。[译文]这些基因中很多会产生可以改善全身血糖调整和胰岛素水平的蛋白质，因此它们与改善新陈代谢有关。2．Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise，itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.[分析]本句是一个复合句。在that引导的表语从句中，togainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise作目的状语。[译文]这些探讨结果示意，要想从运动中获得最大的健康好处，最好先不吃东西。3．Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife­giving，energizingoxygen.[分析]本句是一个复合句。If引导条件状语从句，主句为thentheairisfilledwithlife­giving，energizingoxygen，you'rebreathing为定语从句修饰先行词theair；whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities为定语从句，修饰破折号前的句子。[译文]假如你呼吸的空气是无污染的——倘如你远离城市的雾霾，空气就可能是无污染的——那么空气满是让人充溢生命力和活力的氧气。4．Ithadalsogivenmeachoice,eithertoleavethatpageblankortokeepwritingthestorywithhope.[分析]本句是一个“主谓＋双宾语”的简洁句。either...or...连接两个不定式短语作choice的定语。[译文]这也给了我一个选择，要么把这一页留白，要么带着希望接着写这个故事。1．ordern．秩序；次序；吩咐；订购；点的饭菜vt.吩咐；要求；订购；点(饭菜)(1)inorderof以……的依次inorder整齐，秩序井然；按依次outoforder发生故障；混乱placeanorderforsth.withsb.向某人订购某物(2)ordersb.todosth.吩咐某人做某事order＋that从句(虚拟语气)吩咐……(3)orderlyadj.整齐的；井然的disordern．无秩序；混乱orderataxiinadvance提前订了出租车placeanorderforsometeawithyourcompany向你们公司订购一些茶beasbusyasabeetryingtoputthehouseinorder忙着整理房间[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Ordered(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.②Let'snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.③Butrulesalonedon'tsecureanorderly(order)society.Itisthepeoplewhoobeytherulesthatmatter.④Atthirteen,Iwasdiagnosed(诊断)withakindofattentiondisorder(order)．[实力提升]——一句多译医生要求我休息一个月。①Thedoctororderedmeto_take_a_restforamonth.②ThedoctororderedthatIshould_take_a_restforamonth.[名师点津]下列动词后的名词性从句常用虚拟语气：一坚持：insist；二吩咐：order,command；三建议：suggest,advise,recommend；四要求：demand,request,require,desire；再加一个敦促：urge。2．wearv.(过去式wore，过去分词worn)穿，戴；蓄，留(发、须等)；流露，面带，呈现(某种神态)；磨损；消耗；用旧；穿破；磨出(洞)；耐用；耐穿；耐磨(1)wearaway/wearsth.away(因重复运用而)变薄，变光滑；磨薄；磨光wearoff渐渐消逝；消逝；渐渐停止wearyourself/sb.out使疲乏；使力倦神疲；使厌烦wearthin起先变弱；变得不受欢迎；变得爱好索然wearout/wearsth.out磨薄；穿破；磨损；用坏wearyourheartonyoursleeve让感情外露；把心事挂在脸上(2)wornadj.用坏的；用旧的；力倦神疲的wornout废旧的；乏累不堪wearamask/wearglasses戴口罩/戴眼镜wearhairlong/wearabeard梳着长发/留胡须wearapuzzledlook流露出迷惑不解的神情thegradualreplacementofworn­outequipment破旧设备的渐渐更新[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Therearetwoworn(wear)armchairsintheroomwhichbelongtotheprofessionalplayer.②Hewore(wear)aquiteexpensivecoattowork,onlytoberuinedintherainlastweek.③Canwesitdown?Iam_worn(wear)out.[实力提升]——一句多译你要是接着这样舍命工作，身体会吃不消的。①You'll_break_downifyoucarryonworkingsohard.(breakdown)②You'll_wear_yourself_outifyoucarryonworkingsohard.(wearyourselfout)3．designn.设计；图案；构思vt.设计；构思；支配(1)designsth.for...为某目的或用途而制造或支配bedesignedfor.../todosth.目的是……(2)bydesign(＝onpurpose)有意地；蓄意地byaccident/bychance偶然地abrilliantdesign绝妙的设计speciallydesignedsoftware特地设计的软件thedesignforthenewsportscentre新体育中心的草图abowlwithaflowerdesign有花卉图案的碗[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Mostcollegesnowofferfirst­yearstudentsacoursespeciallydesignedto_help(help)themsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.②Designed(design)forEnglishbeginners,thedictionariesweresoldoutonthedaywhenitcameout.③Whetherbychanceorbydesign,itsohappenedthattherewerealmostexactly150peopleinthestation.[实力提升]——句式升级设计这个项目原来是要帮助那些困难的学生，结果却和支配的不一样。一般表达：Thisprojectwasdesignedtohelpthestudentsinneed.Butitjustdidn'tworkoutasplanned.①高级表达：Thisprojectdesigned_to_help_the_students_in_needjustdidn'tworkoutasplanned.(过去分词短语作定语)②高级表达：Thisprojectwhich_was_designed_to_help_the_students_in_needjustdidn'tworkoutasplanned.(定语从句)4．occasionn．时机；机会；场合(1)onoccasion有时；间或ononeoccasion曾经ontheoccasionof在……的时候；在……之际onnooccasion绝不(放在句首时，句子要倒装)(2)occasionaladj.间或的；有时的occasionallyadv.有时；间或[名师点津]放在句首用部分倒装的介词短语还有：atnotime，bynomeans，undernocircumstances,innoway，innocase,onnoaccount等。agreat/memorable/happyoccasion一个宏大的/难忘的/快乐的庆典iftheoccasionarises假如有机会的话anoccasionforallthefamilytocelebrate一个全家庆祝的机会[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Apartfroman_occasional(occasion)noisefromtheelephant'sstomach,theforestwassilent.②I'vebeenwritingthisreportoccasionally(occasional)forthelasttwoweeks,butithastobehandedintomorrow.③IhaveasuitbutIonlywearitonspecialoccasions.[实力提升]——词汇升级一般表达：Youshouldnevertrytocheatothersonoccasionfortheyfindyoudishonest,theywillneverbelieveyouanymore.高级表达：On_no_occasionshouldyoutrytocheatothers,fortheyfindyoudishonest,theywillneverbelieveyouanymore.5．additionaladj.附加的；额外的；外加的(1)additionallyadv.此外，另外(2)add...to...往……加入……addto增加；增加addup把……加起来addupto加起来总计达add(that)...补充说/接着说……(3)additionn．加；(数)加法；增加inaddition另外inadditionto除……之外additionalresources/funds/security额外资源/附加基金/外加安保措施addtoourknowledgeandunderstandingofourcountry增加了我们的学问和对我们国家的了解littlestepsadduptobigdreams小进步成就大幻想inadditiontoimprovingcreativity除了提高创建力以外[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Additionally(additional),thebusservicewillrunonSundays,everytwohours.②Perhapsyouthinkyoucouldeasilyaddtoyourhappinesswithmoremoney.③Addupallthemoneyyou'vereceivedthismonth,andyouwillfindyoucanaffordanewcomputer.④ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,adding(add)thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.[实力提升]——词汇升级一般表达：Besides,youshouldrespectalltheteacherswhounselfishlyhelpyoutogainmuchknowledge.①高级表达：Additionally,youshouldrespectalltheteacherswhounselfishlyhelpyoutogainmuchknowledge.②高级表达：In_addition，youshouldrespectalltheteacherswhounselfishlyhelpyoutogainmuchknowledge.6．harmn．&vt.损害；危害(1)cause/doharmto...对……造成损害/有害(2)beharmfulto对……有害harmfuladj.有害的harmlessadj.无害的(3)thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事没有害处neverdoanyoneanyharm对任何人都绝无害处harmherchancesofwinningtheelection不利于她赢得选举theharmfuleffectsoftobacco烟草的害处beharmfultochildren'steeth对儿童的牙齿有害[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmfultopeople.②However,nopraisefromparentsalsodoesharmtotheirself­confidence.③Hemaynotbeabletohelpbutthere'snoharminasking(ask)him.[实力提升]——一句多译有些男生对玩电脑嬉戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康特别有害。①Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,which_is_very_harmful_to_their_health.(harmful)②Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,which_does_great_harm_to_their_health.(harmn．)1．Theparticipantsfollowedsuit，takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.参与者也照做了，吃的食物比通常多。[句型公式]wouldhave(taken)是虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反的假设。虚拟条件句及其主句的谓语形式可归纳如下：从句谓语主句谓语与现在事实相反were/didwould/should/could/mightdo与将来事实相反shoulddo/did/weretodowould/should/could/mightdo与过去事实相反haddonewould/should/could/mighthavedone(1)含蓄条件句用without,butfor,otherwise,or,but等词来引导。(2)在含蓄虚拟结构中，假如表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设，则主句谓语动词用would/could/might＋do;假如表示与过去事实相反的假设，则主句谓语动词用would/could/might＋havedone。[名师点津]假如条件从句中包含有were,had,should，有时可把if省略掉，但这时要把were,had,should放在主语前面(这种结构在口语中较少运用)。(1)Ifwehadmadeadequatepreparations,wemighthavesucceeded.→Hadwemadeadequatepreparations，wemighthavesucceeded.(2)Iftherewerenogravity,therewouldbenoairaroundus.→Weretherenogravity,therewouldbenoairaroundus.(3)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.→Shoulditraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.[金句推送]Ifwehadn'thadhissupport/Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbewherewearenow.假如没有他的支持，我们就不会取得现在的成就。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Ifhehadn'texperiencedwartime,Hemingwaywouldn'thave_written(write)hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.②Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwewould_have(have)nowheretostaynow.③Iwouldhavegonetomycousin'sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwas(be)notavailable.[实力提升]——一句多译要是没有我英语老师的帮助，我不会在英语写作竞赛中获得第一名。①If_it_hadn't_been_for_the_help_ofmyEnglishteacher,Iwould_not_have_wonthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.(if从句)②Iwould_not_have_wonthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetitionwithout_the_help_ofmyEnglishteacher.(without引导含蓄虚拟)2．Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant，theresearchersfound.但探讨人员发觉，脂肪细胞深层的影响可能是最显著的。[句型公式]句中“itwas...that...”是强调句型，在句中强调主语。(1)强调句型的基本结构：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其余部分．(2)强调句的一般疑问句：Was/Isit＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其余部分？强调句的特别疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其余部分？(3)notuntil的强调句型：Itis/wasnotuntil＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分．[名师点津](1)强调句型中的引导词是it(无实际意义，引导被强调部分)，that也无实际意义，只起语法连接作用。(2)此句型可强调地点状语、时间状语、主语、宾语等，假如被强调部分是人，that可以换成who，其他状况只能用that。[易错提示]一般来说，假如把句子中的Itis/was和that去掉，能还原成完整的句子，并且句子意思依旧完整，则为强调句型，否则为其他从句。[金句推送]It'snotdoingthethingswelike,butlikingthethingswehavetodothatmakeslifehappy.生活的快乐不在于做自己喜爱的事，而在于喜爱自己不得不做的事。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhousethatwesawLilyinthepassengerseat.②WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschoolthatMr.Smithgotangry?③Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.[实力提升]——句式升级一般表达：Ididn'trealizethatshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.①高级表达：It_was_not_until_she_took_off_her_dark_glasses_that_I_realized_that_she_was_a_famous_film_star.(强调句)②高级表达：Not_until_she_took_off_her_dark_glasses_did_I_realize_that_she_was_a_famous_film_star.(倒装句)[名师点津]强调谓语动词时用“do/does/did＋动词原形”。夯基固本·学问落实Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空1．Tosolvethisproblem,ourcompanyputoutthehouseholdrobotspeciallydesigned(design)totakecareofoldpeople.2．Occasionally(occasional)I'llhaveapieceofchocolate,butit'squiterare.3．Whatisknowntousallisthatdrinkingtoomuchisharmful(harm)toyourhealth.4．Thefilmstarwears(wear)sunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithoutbeingrecognized.5．Thegeneraldirectoroftheprojectorderedthatthework(should)_be_started(start)atonce.Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词1．Besides,itis,onsomeoccasions,moreconvenienttouseEnglishwords.2．Itwasnotuntilhegotseriouslyillthatheknewtheimportanceofhealth.3．Thedictionaryisoutofdate：manywordshavebeenaddedtothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.4．TryasImightIcouldn'tgetmycarstarted，inotherwords，itwasoutoforder.5．Iranallthewaytoschoolyesterday,otherwise/orIwouldhavebeenlatefortheannualtalentshow.强技提能·学问应用Ⅰ.完形填空(2024·福建泉州3月适应性线上测试改编)Fiveyearsago，Itookacareerriskbyleavingmyjobtoworkonaship.Mymedicalfriendsdidtheirbesttopersuademe，sayingthatrunningawaytoseawould1mycareer.Butaftertheseyearsworkingasajuniordoctor，Iwaswillingtotaketherisk.2foradventure，IboardedashipinSingaporewith2,000passengersandcrew.Tomy3，thehospitalwaswellequipped，withanX­raymachineandabloodanal