21世纪写好英文合同50招

来源：考试大2010/10/19【考试大：中国教育考试第一门户】考新世纪的到来，要求我们在法律实践中应该多用电脑和互联网，熟虑。年前，也是在这样一个会议上，我提出了合同起草的50招。本文在本,但愿它们能帮助你起草无可挑剔的合同，让你的客户免受诉讼的困扰。这些招数适用于各种合同，比如，办公租赁合同、不动产合同、--这将有助于你理解这些招数。1.要求你的客户列出合同交易的要点，也可以考虑到的问题。去的交易记录或者是类似合同。考：http://www.flcourts.o/library.h/~wyman/flo.hhttp://www.westgroup.例书中都可能找到：比如,西方法律文书（全国版）佛罗里达州文书合同范本都有电子文本储存在磁盘或光盘中。在合同未准备好之前，客户为了表示诚意，往往急于签署某些东西，当然，在这种情况下，如果客户急于签署的是有特别申明的意向书，固的根基。不引起重视的问题。如果是个人，要写清姓和名,中间有大写字母和其他身份信息的，也要注明，例如：jr.,M.D,等等；如果是公司，为避免弄错，写名称时可以到公司注册地的相应机构去核对一下。第一段为双方弄一个别称，如：将詹姆士.马丁简写为"马丁"。10.使用法定术语作为双方当事人的别称时，要小心。除非一方除非你想让一方当事人成为法定上的代理人，否则不要称其为"代理人"，如果坚持要用，最好明确一下代理范围并找到其他可来争执的方案。11.在合同的第一段要为书写签约时间留下空格。把签约时间放13.按逻辑顺序列出合同段落的标题词.合同的段落是按一定的逻辑顺落的内容。比如：撰写劳动合同时列出的标题词就像下面这些：14.在撰写每一段时要注意内容集中，不要东拉西扯，是的，这很简单，你可能上小学时就学过，但我还是要提醒你，要集中火力，一段一段地分别说明合同双方同意做什么，不同意做什么。16.除非是为了更清晰地说明问题，否则不要在合同中重复陈述义、这个例子的准确性以及它和概念的相符性。有法律效力的合同，就要在标题中注明"合同"字样。18.写短句子，因为短句子比长句子让人更容19.用主动语态而不用被动语态。相对而言，主动语态的句子更动语态的句子：卖方将把此物卖给买方;被动语态的句子：此物将被卖方卖给买方。20.不要用“双周”之类的词，因为这有可能产生歧义是两周还是每隔一周？类似的词还有"双月",所以最好这样写:"两周"或"每隔一最好这样写：“活动着的白蚁和活动着的有机体”或是“白蚁和活动着活动着的"）时，你一定要弄清楚这个修饰语是修饰两个名词还是仅这个词放在这组词的最后，然后在它的前面加上修饰语。客”来代替他们。同样，在合同中也不要说留置权人和留置人，抵押权人和抵押人，保证人和被保证人，许可人和被许可人，当事人A和当事人B到底怎么说，这就要看你驾驭语言的能力了，不过，要把握的一条原则，即在整个合同中，对合同一方只能用一个别称。同，还是指其所在的某一段落。24.写数目时要文字和阿拉伯数字并用，如：拾（10）。这将减少一些不经意的错误。25.如果你想用"包括"这个词，就要考虑在其后加上"但不限的分句，来说明你只是想举个例子。26.不要依赖于语法规则。那些你在学校里得到的语法规则并不使你写出来的东西更简明，更流畅。27.不要创造词语。合同文书不是创造性的作品，也就不能因为确的。因此，要使用普通的词语,表达普通的意思，为普通人撰写合同。同的标的物，就不要时而称它们为“货物”，时而又改称它们为“产品”。保持用词一致性比避免重复更加重要。不要担心这会让读者打瞌睡；你应该提防的是对方律师会因为含糊不清的合同而将庭。29.在文法和标点符号上保持一致。你可能学过许多不同类的文的引号、时间和地点之后的逗号以及文风的相似性。30.可以在合同中加入准据法、审判地、律师费等条款。有了这31.要假设合同的读者是一个受过教育的外行,如果你书写的合32.强调一个合同术语可以这样做：加上双引号并将其开头的字下面有两个定义术语的例子：一.本合同中使用的“货物”("Goods")是指33.第一次使用某个术语时就要下定义。定义合同术语不是在合同的样做，有利于读者更好地理解合同。34.勤于解释合同中的术语和概念。要记住合同双方的当事人可以撰写合同时要让合同自己为自己释义。35.所有的合同都应该有一封说明书用来告诉你的客户如何使用和签署合同。36.告诉客户你在撰写过程中的一些想法。比如：哪些事情可能了，哪些可以让事情朝好的方向发展的方法你最好在给客户的说明书中都将这些都写上。37.告诉客户合同的风险所在。在撰写合同时，你最好向客户说时间来起草合同，你就会发现真正的风险在哪里。38.核实合同的拼写情况、段落序号以及上下文的注解，你可以成，特别是自从有了微软的word软件后，做这样的工作你似乎不要检测到合同中没有释义的术语，如：Corel公司专门为法律办公开发0下载安装的DocProofReader软件。39.让你的秘书或者助手阅读你草拟的合同。你的同事不仅能通们还能发现你起草时没有察觉到的矛盾和混淆之处。“草稿”字样，也能够避免你那急躁的客户不于签字。41.让你的客户读你草拟的合同。你的客户读第一稿，可以确保你的起草的东西和客户的愿望相符。42.在电脑中将草拟的合同多保存几个复件。如果你将第一稿合43.将当前的草拟版本和以前的版本进行比较。如果你存了很多合同的草拟版本，那么你就可以很容易地用文字处理软件或者是Co"和"合同.草2"两个版本时，最好将软件的分析结果打印出来送给客户看，让他知道变化在哪里。第七部分：怎样打印和签署最后的定稿合同。44.用24磅的铜板纸而不是用20磅的复印纸来打印合同。用厚一点的纸不仅复印副本很容易，而且，它被保存的时间也要长一些。45.打印整个合同要用同样的纸，如果打印过程被偷换了。46.最好用蓝墨水而不是用黑墨水来签署合同，因很容易地让人区别出哪个是合同正本，哪个是影印副本。47.让双方在每页合同上签字，这样做可以避免有人怀疑合同签署后被更改过。48.在合同签名栏的下方留下一些空白行，以便合同双方和见证找到证人。要记住，一般的商业租赁需要两个见证人。49.签名者如果是公司官员，一定要写上他们的职务和其所在公名的正确方法如下：公司总裁：史密斯.琼斯如果这50招都不能让你起草的合同免于诉讼，那你就去掌握斯创得.怀特先生的《设计原理》吧，我听说它对应付上诉非常FIFTYTIPSFORWRITINGTHE21STCENTURYCONTRAPublishedinTheFloridaBarJournal,Nov.Note:ThisarticleisforbackgroundpurposesonlyandWelcometothe21stCentury.WherepracticinglawrequiresustodonthegarbofcomputersandtheInternet.Andwherelitigationisascostlyasevnotunusualinahotlycontestedbreachofcontractlawsuit.Witheveryword,phraseandsentencecarryingthepotentialforwinninrlosing,thestakesarehigh.SiautiousandthoughtfuldraftinDraftingcontractsisactuallyoneofthesimplepleasuresofpracticinglaw.Just3yearsagoatthpsforcontractwriting.Thisarticleupdatesthosetiptofournewtoolsandabilities.Followingthesetipscouldresultinyourwritingaavingyourclientfromthetrialsandtribulationsoflitigation,trulyagoodreasontowritethecontractthatstaysoutThesetipsapplytowritingallkindsofagreements:officeleases,realestatecontracts,salesagreements,emuipmentleases,prenuptialagreements.Theyevenapplytostinsandsettlementsinlitigatioearthatitavoidsfuturelitigation.Whreimportant,thesetipswillguideyouthere.TheAppendixprovideBeforeYouWritetheFirstformofalist,outlineornarration.Doingthiswillhelptheclientfocusonthetermsoftheagreement.2.Engageyourcliewillanticipatemanypossiblefactualsituationsandexpresstheparties‘‘understandingincasethosefactsarise.Talkingaboutthiswillgeneratemanyissuesyoumaynototherwiseconsi3.Askyourclientforasimilaavehadsimilartransactionsinthepastortheyhaveacceractsforsimilartransactioterortform.Manytimesyoucanmaybeoneyoupreparedforanotherclientoroneyounegotiatwithanotherlawyer.Justremembertofindandreplant‘‘sname.Startingeerrorsoftyping.HerearesomeWebsiteswhehttp://www.flcourts.o/library.h/~wyman/flo.hhttp://www.westgroup.ractscanbefoundinfnationwideset)andFloridFloridaBarCLEpublications.Thesecanbeusedasthestartingpointfordraftingthecontractoraschecklistsoftypicalprovisionsandwordingtoincludeinthecontract.Manytreatisesandform6.Don‘‘tletyourclientsignaletterofintentwithouoodfaithbeforethecontractisprepared.Aproperlywordedletterofintentisusefulatsuchtimes.Justbesurethattheletterofinteutlineofpossibletermsfordiscussionpurposes.SeeAppendixC.WritingthatFirststructureofthecontract.Likeahouse,acontractmusthaveagoo8.Statethecorrectlegalnamesofthepartiesagraph.Asobviousasthisis,itisoneofthemostcommonproblemsincontracts.Forindividualdmiddleinitialsifavailable,andotheridentifyinginformation,ifappropriate,suchasJr.,M.D.,etc.Forcorporations,chSecretaryofStatewhereincorporated.9.Identifythepartiesbynicknames.Givingeachpartnameinthefirstparagraphwillmakethecontracteasiertoread.Forexample,JamesW.Martinwouldbenicknamed"Martin."10.Becarefulwhenusinglegause"Contractor"asanicknameunlessthactor.Donotuse"Agent"unlessyouintendforthatparagent,andifyoudo,thenyoubetterspecifythescopeofauthorityandotheragencyissuestoavoidfuturedisgthedateinthefirsherdocumentsinaprecContractforSaleofRealEstate."12.Includetoprovidebackgrouclausesthatprecedethebodyofacontract.Theyprovideasimwaytobringthecontract‘‘sreader(party,judgeorjury)uptospeedonwhatthecontractisabout,whothepartiesigningacontract,etc.Thefirstparagrapntractcanincorporatetherecitalsbyreferenceandstatethretrueandcorrect.Thiswillavoornottherecitalsarealegallybindingpartofthecontract.employmentcontract‘‘sinitialparagraphheadings14.Completeeachparagraphbywritinatapplytothatparagraph.Thisissientaryschool.Justexplaininwornotdoparagraphbyparagrarmaltothinkofadditionalclauses,wordingandissueswhilewritinyforgotten.Alsokeepyontofyouasyouwrite,andcheckoffitemsasyouwritethem.16.Repeatyourselfonlywhenrepetitionisnecessarytoimproveclarity.Ambiguityiscreatedbysaanonce;itisabiguity.Onlyiftheconceptisadifficultonmorethanoneway.Inaddition,ifyouuseanexampletoclarifyadifficultconceptorformula,besurethatallpoeconsideredandthattheexampleisaccurateheconceptaswordeWhattoWatchOutforWhenWrourclientwantsacontract,callitacontract.Ajonthefederalbenchonceruledthatwasnotacontracteventhoughsignedbybothparties.Tlearnedis,"Saywhatyoumean."Ifyouintendthedocumenttobealegallybindingcontract,usetheword"Contract"inthetit19.Writeinactivetense,ratherntencesareshorterandusewordsmoreefficiently,andtheirmngismoreapparent.Exampleofactive:"SellertytoBuyer."Exampleofpassive:"ThePropertyshallbesoldtoBuyerbySeller."20.Don‘‘tusetheword"biweekly."Ithastwomeanings:twiceaweekandeInstead,write"everyotherweek"21.Don‘‘tsaythingslike"activeoidambiguitybywritingeither"activetermitesandacs"or"organismsandactivetermites."active"beforeacompoundofnounslike"termitesandorganisms",besuretoclarifywhetheryouintendthemodifiertoapplytobothnounsorjustthefirstone.Ifyouintendittoapplytoboth,useparallelconstructionandwritethemodifierinfrontofeachnoun.Ifyouintendittoapplytojustonenoun,placethatonenounattheendofthelistandthemodifierdirectlyinfrontofit.esforaleasebecausetheyareeasandlord"and"Tenant"e,mortgagorandmortgagee,grantorandgrantee,licensorandlisee,partyAandpartyB.Thisiswhereyoucanuseyourcreativitytocomeupwithadiffereuuseitconsistentlythroughoutthecontract.23.Watchoutwhenusing"herein."Does"whereverein"meananywhereinthecontractoranywhereinClarifythisambiguityif24.Writenumbersasbothwordsandnumerals:ten(10).25.Whenyouwrite"includintedto."Unlessyouintendthelisttobeall-inclusive,youhadbetterclarifyyourintentthat26.Don‘‘trelyontherulesofgrammar.Therulesofgrammarthatyoulearnedinschoolarenotuniversal.Thejudgeorjuryinterpretingthemeaningofyourcontractmayhavelearneddifferentrules.Writethecontractsothatnomatterwhatrulestheylearned,thecontractisclearandunambiguous.Followthistestiting:Removeallperiodsandcommas,thenreadit.Choosingtightwordsandplacingthemintherightplacemakesthewritingclearwithoutpunctuatio27.Don‘‘tbecreativewithwords.Contractwritingisnotcreativewritingandisnotmeanttoprovokereflectivethoughtsorcontroversiesaboutnuancesofmeaning.Contractwritingisclear,directandprecise.Therefore,usecommonwordsandcommonmes.Writeforthecommonma28.Beconsistentinusingwords.Ifyourefertothesubjectmatterofasalescontractas"goods"usethattermthroughoutthecontract;donotalternatelycallthingconsistencyismoreimportantthanavoidingrepetition.Don‘‘tworryaboutputtingthereadertosleep;worryabouttheoawyerayearfromnowhuntingforambiguitiestogetyourc29.Beconsistentingrammarandpunctuation.Therurammarandpunctuationyoulearnedmaydifferfromothers,butyouhadbetterbeconsistentinyouruseofthem.Beawareofsuchthingsaswhereyouputendingquotemarks,whetheryouplacecommasafteryearsandst30.Considerincludingchoiceoflaw,venueselection,andattorfeeclauses.Ifyourcontraclientsome"ammunition"forthefig31.Assumethereaderisaknowledgeablelayman.Ifyourwr32.DefineawordbycapCapitalizingawordindicatesthatyoeaning.ThefollowingaretwoWhereverusedinthiscontract,theword"thegoodsthatBuyerhasagreedtopurchasefromSellerunderthiscontract.BuyerherebyagreestopurchasefromSellertenpans,hereinaftercalledthe"Goods."33.Definewordswhenfirstused.Insteadofwritingasectionofdefinitionsatthebeginningorendofacontract,considerdefiermsandconcepts34.Explaintechnicaltermsandconcepts.Rememberthatthepartiesmightunderstandtechnicaljargon,butthejudgeandjurywhointerpretandapplythecontraontract‘‘stermsandconceptswithinthecontractitself.Letthecoractspeakforitselffromwithinitsfourcorners.KeepYourClientInformedWhileYouyouaplacetoinstructyou36.Tellyourclienttheideaswilloccurtoyouasyouwrite:thingsthatcouldgowrongwiththedeal,thingsthatmighthappeninthefuture,thingsthathappenedinthepast,waystostructurethingsbetter.Writetheseinyo37.Informyourclientoftherisks.Writingalettertotheclientasyouwritethecontractistheperfectwaytoinforoftherisksandrewardsofenteringintothecontract.Frequently,problemsdonotbecomeapparentuntiltimeisspenttryingtowoWhatToDoAftertheFirstDraftIsWr38.Checkspelling,paragraphnumbering,andcrossreferencbothmanuallyandwithyourwordprocessor‘‘sspellingandgrammarchecker.ThisalmostgoeswithoutsaMicrosoftWordnowchecksyourspellingandgrammarase.(Unfortunatelyitalsochanges"pfailtowatchitclosely.)Andnowthereareevencmsthatcheckcontractdocumentsforundefinedterms.DealProofpackagedwithCorelWordPerfectforlawoffices,andDocProofReaderisavailablef39.Letyoursecretaryorparalegalreadit.Notonlystafffrequentlyfindspellingandgrammarerrorsmissedbyyourwordprocessor‘‘sspellchecker,buttheywillfindinconsistconfusingareasthatyoumissedwhenfmanydrafts,soavoidconfusionearlybynumberinganddldraftsatthetopofthef"DRAFT"acrossthefaceofeachpagetoprecludethepossibilitfanimpatientclientsigningadraftratherthanwait41.Letyourclientreadit.Lettingtheclientfirstdraftassuresthatyourdraftingwillsta42.Savethedraftsasmultiplefilesonyourcomputesavethefirstdraftonyourcourrentversion.Thiscanbedonebynamingthecurrentventract"andthefirstdraftas"contrascanbenamed"contract.dheextensionindicatesdraft.(Ofcourse,ifyou‘‘renotusingWordP43.Comparethecurrentversiontopriorversions.Ifyousa