人教版英语八年级下册 现在完成时讲解及练习

现在完成时态一、构成助动词have/has+过去分词例:肯定句Ihaveworked.Hehasworked.否定句Ihavenot(haven't)worked.Hehasnot(hasn't)worked.疑问句Haveyouworked?Hasheworked?回答Yes，Ihave./No,Ihaven't.Yes,hehas./No,hehasn't.二、功能及意义表示一个动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，但没有具体的过去时间修饰。常由下列副词修饰：ever曾经，never从不，already已经，yet还（未），（yet只用在否定句和疑问句中），just刚刚，recently，lately近来，sofar迄今为止=untilnow,uptonow，before以前例：HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾经去过长城吗？Ihaveneverheardofsuchaman.我从没有听说过那个人。Wehavejusthadlunch我们刚刚吃过午饭。Ihavealreadyreturnedyourmoney.我已经把钱还给你了。Ihaven'tfoundmybookyet.（否）我还没有找到笔记本。Haveyoudoneyourhomeworkyet?（疑）你做作业了吗？Haveyouheardfromhimrecently?你最近收到他的来信了吗？Sofar,noonehasmadeanymistakesyet.迄今为止还没有人犯错误Ihavenevertraveledbyplanebefore.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。2表示一个动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在刚刚结束或者仍在继续。常常与下列时间状语连用：→for+一段时间IhavelearnedEnglishfor8years.→since+过去的一个时间点IhavelearnedEnglishsince2001.→since+一段时间+agoIhavelearnedEnglishsince8yearsago.→since+时态为一般过去时的时间状语从句IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIwas5yearsold.→inthepast/last+时间段WehavehadtwoEnglishexamsinthepasttwomonths.近两个月来我们进行了2次英语考试。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.近十年来我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。三、延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法现在完成时中，与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。非延续性动词延续性动词(短语)leave

离开be

away

frombuy买haveborrow借keepbegin/start开始be

ongo去be

therejoin加入be

in非延续性动词延续性动词(短语)arrive

in/at/get

to/reach到达be

incatch

a

cold感冒have

a

colddie死be

deadfall

asleep熟睡be

asleepfinish完成be

overcome

back回来be

backmarry结婚be

married我离开这所学校已经八年了。Ihaveleftthisschoolforeightyears（×）他借用我的词典已经两天了Hehasborrowedmydictionaryfortwodays（×）非延续动词与一段时间连用时，可做相应转化Ihavebeenawayfromthisschoolforeightyears（√）Hehaskeptmydictionaryfortwodays（√）拓展：MissGaoleftanhourago.=MissGaohasbeenawayforanhour.=MissGaohasbeenawaysinceanhourago.

=IthasbeenanhoursinceMissGaoleft.四、区分havebeento+地点;表示去过某个地方（已经回来），常与ever,never,几次，等连用havegoneto+地点:表示到地方去了（还没回来）havebeenin+地点：表示到了某个地方（多久了），常与for+段时间连用比较：HehasbeentoChinatwice(曾经去过,现在不在中国）HehasgonetoChina他到中国去了.（他可能已在去中国的路上，或已到中国，总之，现在不在这里）HehasbeeninChinafortwoyears(他到中国已经两年了）五、对完成时的提问用howlong.....?不能用when...?六、现在完成时常用句型1.Itisthefirst/secondtime....that....结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.这是我第一次参观这座城市。Itisthethirdtimethattheboyhasbeenlate.这是这个男生第三次迟到了。2.Thisisthe...that..结构，that从句要用现在完成时ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。ThisisthefirsttimethatI'veheardhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。3.Ithasbeen+时间段+since...Ithasbeen5yearssincewelastmet.自从上一次我们相遇到现在已经是五年了。Ithasbeen3monthssincethemandied.那人死去3个月了。4.一段时间+完成时结构+since引导的时间状语从句TwoyearshaspassedsinceIcamehere.七、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastnight,threeweeksago,in1998等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用Ihaveseenthefilm.我看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容）Isawthefilmlastweek.我上周看了这部电影。（只说明上星期）课后练习：（每空一词）1.----you(clean)theroom?----Yes,we(do)thatalready.----When_______you______(do)it?----We_______(do)itanhourago.2.----______he______(see)thisfilmyet?----Yes，hehas.----When_____he_____(see)it?------He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?4.I(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.----She(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?----Yes.----How______she_______(go)there?-----She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries(develop)heirsoftwareprograms继承人软件程序.7.MrChen(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.MrChen(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.选用for和since填空:Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.用have(has)beento,have(has)goneto,have(has)beenin填空。1.Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.2.Mumisnotathomenow.She_________theshop.3.----______youever_____toKunming?----Never.4.Where_____you______thesedays?5.----HasJimarrivedyet?----Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.6.---WhereisPeter?----Idon’tknowwherehe________.7.Hi,Jim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.用“never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since”填空。1.IhavelearnedEnglish8yearsago.2.Jackhas______finishedhishomework.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.4.---Haveyou________seenthefilm?---No,Ihave________seenit.5.---Hasthebusleft_______?---Yes,ithas______left.根据要求改写句子.1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改为否定句)I____________beentoMacaubefore.2.Hehasn’tcometoschool

becausehewasill.(就划线部分提问)_____________hecometoschool?3.Iboughtanewbikejustnow.(用just改写)Ijustanewbike.4.WebegantolearnEnglishthree