2025届上海市名校高三英语零考模拟卷

2025届上海市名校高三英语零考模拟卷（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：115分）I.GrammarandVocabulary（每题1分；共20分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)Areyouafraidofgettingold?1wegetpasttheageof25,manyofusimmediatelyfeeltheurgetostopthesignsofageing—especiallythevisibleones.Menandwomenarenowusingtopical“anti-ageing”creams,spatreatmentsandmedicalprocedures2(oppose)manyofthem.3thesemethodscansomewhataffectthewayyoulook,ageingisaninternalprocess.Anewstudyhasfoundexactlywhenduringyourlifetimethisprocesspeaks.AgroupscientistsbasedoutoftheStanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicinehavediscoveredthat4beingasmooth,continuousprocess,ageingsurgesforwardatthreedistinctstagesoflife:first,attheageof34,thenatage60,andfinallyat78.Thestudy,publishedinNatureMedicine,5(reveal)thatscientistscannotonlypredictyouragebystudyingtheproteome(proteinlevelsintheblood)butalsodeterminewhichorgansareageingfasterthantheothers,andwhichage-relateddiseasesyourbodyis6(likely)todevelop.Thestudymeasuredplasmaproteins(血浆蛋白)collectedfrom4,263adultsbetweentheagesof18-95yearsandstudiedthechangesintheproteomethatoccurredwithage.Theirultimategoalwastounderstandhowtoidentifythechangesassociatedwithcardiovascularissuesandage-relateddiscaseslikeAlzheimer’s7therapeutictreatmentscanbedevisedtoopposetheirattackwhilethere’sstilltime.DrTonyWyss-Coray,oneoftheleadingmembersofthestudy,toldStanfordMedicineNewsCenter,“We’veknownforalongtimethat8(measure)certainproteinscangiveyouinformationaboutaperson’shealthstatus—lipoproteins(脂蛋白)forcardiovascular(心血管的)health,forexample.Butithasn’tbeenappreciatedthatsomanydifferentproteins’levels—roughlyathirdofalltheoneswelookedat—changemarkedlywithadvancingage.”Thisdifferencebetweenthechronological(按时间计算的)andphysiological(生理的)age,accordingtothescientists’“plasma-proteinclock”,showedthatalotofpeopleinthestudyseemedyoungerthantheyactuallyare.What’smore,thestudyalsoconfirmedthatmenandwomen,thoughequally9(represent)inthestudy,agedifferently.Doesthismeanmedicafionsandlifestylemethods,withfurtherresearch,canalsobedevisedtohelp10agestoorapidlyandisatriskofcontractingage-relateddiseaseslikehypertensionandAlzheimer’s?Youneverknow.SectionBDirections:ineachblankwithathebox.Eachcanbeonlyonce.NotethatisoneyouA．carved

B．unknowingly

C．ecosystem

D．artificial

E.elementalF.changing

G.practically

H.wrinkled

I.unmoving

J.species

K.inspectionMagicalCreatures:ANAPPRECIATIONOFAUTUMNMOTH(蛾)Mothsseemtohaveabitofabadreputation:tosometheyareillindicationsorsomethingscary,tootherstheyaredullincomparisontoourwell-lovedbutterflies.Butmothsareanessentialpartofa(n)11,andimportantfoodsourcesforspecieslikebirdsandbats.Andforme,mothsarefarfromdull.MyfirstmeetingwithanAngleShadesmothwasnearlyanon-encounter.Ialmostpassedbywithoutnoticingit,thinkingitwasafallenleafonafencepost.Buttherewassomethingaboutitthatstoppedmeinmytracks.Itsangularshapeperhaps?Orthewayitsat,12,despitethebreeze.Closer13revealedcreamandbuffshell-shapedwings,paintedwithtrianglesoflightpinkandbrown.Suddenly,ittransformedfroma(n)14leafintoalivingthingbeforemyeyes.I’vebeenfascinatedeversince.TheCanary-shoulderedThorn,withitshairybuttercup-colouredbodyandyellowandorangewings,remindsmeofafallensilverbirch(白桦树)leaf.Anight-flyer,itfavoursgardensandwoodlands,andisoftendrawnto15light,meaningthatyourtorchbeammaybeattractingmothsaswellaslightingyourwayinthedark.It’salsoworthdouble-checkinganyleavesinfarmhouses,astheseshelteredspotsareafavouritehidingplaceofanotheroverwintering16:theHeraldmoth.Thiselegantcreature’sbeautifulwingslookasthoughthey’vebeen17byhandandpaintedwithbronze.There’smoretotheseimitatorsthanfallenleaves.TheGreen-spottedCrescent,which18disappearsonroughbranches,hasmetallicgreenspotsintegratingwiththemoss(苔藓).MaybeI’vealready19crossedpathswithone,though.Aswedigoutourbigcoatsandsliponbootsforwalksbeneathbranches,howmanymothsarewemissing?Theseclevercreaturesaren’tbadindications,but20partsofnature,withagiftforfancy-dress.III.ReadingComprehension(共45分。21-35每题1分；36-50每题2分)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.FillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontextInmodernsocietylonelinesscanbeseenasasocialphenomenonandpeoplecanexperiencelonelinessformanyreasons.Itisaverycommon,thoughnormallytemporary,21ofabreakup,divorce,orlossofanyimportantlong-termrelationship.Inthesecases,lonelinessmayresultbothfromthelossofaspecificpersonandfromthe22fromsocialcircles.Thelossofasignificantpersoninone’slifewilltypicallyinitiateagriefresponse;inthissituation,onemightfeellonely,evenwhileinthecompanyofothers.Lonelinessmayalsoresultfromanysociallydisruptive(破裂的)event,suchasmovingfromone’shometowninto23communitiesleadingtohomesickness.Lonelinesscanalsooccurinplaceswithlowpopulationdensitiesinwhichtherearecomparativelyfewpeopleto24.Therearemanydifferentwaysusedto25loneliness.Thefirststepthatmostdoctorsrecommendtopatientsistherapy.Shorttermtherapytypicallyoccursoveraperiodoftentotwentyweeks.Duringtherapy,emphasisisputonunderstandingthecauseoftheproblem,26thenegativethoughts,feelings,andattitudesresultingfromtheproblem,andexploringwaystohelpthepatientfeelconnected.Somedoctorsalsorecommend27therapyasameanstoconnectwithothersufferersandestablishasupportsystem.Itmaytakeseveralattemptsbeforeasuitableanti-depressantmedicationisfound.Somepatientsmayalsodeveloparesistancetoacertaintypeofmedicationandneedto28periodically.Anothertreatmentisanimal-assistedtherapy.Studiesandsurveysindicatethatthepresenceofanimalcompanionssuchasdogs,cats,rabbits,andguineapigscan29feelingsoflonelinessordepressionamongsomesufferers.Beyondthecompanionshiptheanimalitselfprovidestheremayalsobeincreasedopportunitiesfor30withotherpetowners.AccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionthereareanumberofotherhealthbenefitsassociatedwithpetownership,suchasloweredbloodpressure.Inaddition,someotheralternativeapproachesmayincludeexercise,dieting,etc,whichmanypatientsfindhavea31effectonrelievingsymptoms.Resultsofastudyalsosuggestthatcorrectingmaladaptivesocialcognition(认知)offersthebestchanceof32loneliness.Nevertheless,lonelinesscansometimesplayanimportantroleinthe33process.Insomepeople,temporaryorprolongedlonelinesscanleadtonotableartisticandcreativeexpression,forexample,aswasthecasewithpoetEmilyDickinson,andnumerousmusicians.Thisisnottoimplythatlonelinessitselfensuresthiscreativity,34,itmayhaveaninfluenceonthesubjectmatteroftheartistandmorelikelybepresentinindividuals35creativeactivities.21．A．type B．concern C．consequence D．evidence22．A．withdrawal B．absence C．disappearance D．presence23．A．informal B．uncertain C．relevant D．unfamiliar24．A．turnto B．interactwith C．longfor D．sharewith25．A．release B．observe C．monitor D．treat26．A．reversing B．directing C．measuring D．pursuing27．A．long-term B．sightseeing C．patient D．group28．A．quit B．evolve C．switch D．exercise29．A．confirm B．protest C．enhance D．ease30．A．socializing B．interfering C．comparing D．coping31．A．historic B．restorative C．decisive D．permanent32．A．promoting B．enhancing C．reducing D．striving33．A．creative B．musical C．artistic D．poetic34．A．however B．therefore C．rather D．otherwise35．A．restrictedto B．engagedin C．concernedabout D．alteredbySectionB Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Inthegeneticage,ecologists’jobsaremademucheasierbytwothings.Oneisthateveryorganismcarriesitsownchemicalidentitycard,intheformofitsgenome(基因组).ThesecondisthattheydroptheseIDcardseverywheretheygo.Urine,bitsoffurstucktoahedge,evenshedskincells:alldepositDNAintotheenvironment.Cheapgenesequencingallowsscientiststoharvestthis“environmentalDNA”(eDNA)fromsoil,sand,waterandthelike,anduseittokeeptrackofwhichspeciesarelivingwhere.“Everyorganism,”ofcourse,includeshumans.InapaperpublishedonMay15thinNatureEcology&Evolution,agroupofresearchersfromAmericaandEuropereportthatsucheDNAsurveyspickuplargequantitiesofhumanDNAaswellastheanimalsort.ThatDNAcanberead—andpotentiallymatchedwithindividuals—byanyonewiththerightequipment.

Theresearchersdidnotsetouttostudy“inadvertenthumangeneticbycatch”,astheycallthephenomenon.TheworkbeganattheWitneySeaTurtleHospitalinFlorida,duringaninvestigationintoaviralturtledisease.Theresearcherssampledwaterfromtheturtle’stanks,aswellasfromoceanwaterandbeachesuponwhichthecreaturesnested,lookingforviralDNA．

TheyexpectedtosweepupDNAfromotherspeciesduringtheirtrawl(拖网).Whatwassurprising,accordingtoJessicaFarrell,abiologistattheWitneyHospitalandoneofthepaper’sauthors,wasjusthowmuchhumanDNAtheyfound.Eventhoughmanyoftheirsamplingsiteswerenotneartownsandcities,theyfoundhumangeneticmaterialineverysampletheyexamined.

Interested,theyexpandedtheirsearch.InbothFloridaandinIrelandtheyfoundhumanDNAinrivers,withconcentrationsespeciallyhighastheyflowedthroughtowns.Theyfounditinbeachsand,andeveninairfromroomsinwhichhumanshadbeenworking.HumanDNAisnotquiteeverywhere:itwasnotdetectableindeepoceanwater,oronremotebeachesclosedtothepublic.Butanywherethathumansare,theirDNAappearstobeaswell.Inonesense,thatisunsurprising.Butadvancesingene-sequencingmeanttherewasenoughinformationinthesamplestodeduceplentyofthingsaboutthehumansinquestion.TheresearcherscouldpickoutmalesthankstoDNAfromtheYchromosome.Theycouldinferanindividual’sancestry,andevenspotmutations(突变)thataffectaperson’sdiseaserisk.DavidDuffy,anotherofthepaper’sauthors,saidtheamountandqualityoftheDNAtheyrecovered“farexceeded”theminimumnecessarytobeincludedinAmerica’sdatabaseofmissingpeople.DrDuffyandhiscolleaguesdidnottrytoidentifyindividualsintheirstudy,formoralreasons.Buttheyhadnodoubtitcouldbedone.36．WhichofthefollowingabouteDNAistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Itprovidesawaytotrackthemigrationofanimals.B．Itallowsresearcherstorestoreindividualorganisms.C．Itcanbeeasilycollectedfromalltypesofenvironments.D．Itcontainsawealthofgeneticinformationaboutvariousspecies.37．Inthispassage,theword“inadvertent”(paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto“__________”.A．familiar B．accidental C．insensitive D．regular38．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．TheapplicationofeDNAforidentityconfirmationhasarousedconcern.B．Asexpected,theresearchersdetectedmuchhumaneDNAintheirsearch.C．Anindividual’sgenderandancestrycanbeconfirmedbymeansofeDNA．D．eDNAisinstrumentalinupgradingAmerica’sdatabaseofmissingpeople.39．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．UnintendedDiscoveriesinTurtleDiseaseResearchB．TheEcologicalSignificanceofEnvironmentalDNAC．HumanDNA’sPrevalenceinEnvironmentalSamplesD．UsingGeneticInformationtoIdentifyMissingPersons(B)There’sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat’sbeginningtocomeintofocus:food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cook,andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisn’tstoppingthere.FoodproductionWitha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat-ittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“recreateformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame,”freeingcookstocompleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant,allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D-printed,ratherthanfarmtotable.Sustainability(可持续性)Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解胶体)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻类)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients.3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock“food”thatlastsyearsonend,freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.NutritionFuture3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier.HodLipson,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,said,“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday’sbreadfromthesupermarket,you’deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”ChallengesDespiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome.Currently,mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapastebeforeaprintercanusethem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime-consuming,becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinverycomplexways.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestaurants.40．Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction?A．Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes. B．Itsavestimeandeffortincooking.C．Itimprovesthecookingconditions. D．Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations41．AccordingtoParagraph4,3D-printedfood_______.A．ismoreavailabletoconsumers B．canmeetindividualnutritionalneedsC．ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarkets D．cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials42．Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely?A．Theprintingprocessiscomplicated. B．3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.C．Foodmaterialshavetobedry D．Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting(C)Twothingschangedmylife:mymotherandawhiteplasticbikebasket.Ihavethoughtlongandhardaboutitandit’strue.Iwouldbeadifferentpersonifmymomhadn’tturnedasillybicycleaccessoryintoalifelessonthatIcarrywithmetoday.Mymotherandfatherwereunitedintheirwayofraisingchildren,butitmostlyfelltomymothertoactuallycarryitout.Lookingback,Ihonestlydon’tknowhowshedidit.Managingthefamilybudgetmusthavebeenaveryhardtask,butshemadeitlookeffortless.Ifwecomplainedaboutnothavingwhatanotherkiddid,we’dhearsomethinglike,“Idon’tcarewhatso-and-sogotforhisbirthday,youarenotgettingaTVinyourroom,acarforyourbirthdayoralavishsweet-16party.”Wehadtoearnourallowancebydoingchoresaroundthehouse.Icanstillrememberhowlongittooktopolishthelegsofourcoffeetable.Mybrotherscannodoubtrememberhoursspentcleaningthehouse.LikethetwolittlegirlsgrowingupattheWhiteHouse,wemadeourownbeds(nooneleftthehouseuntilthatwasdone)andpickedupafterourselves.Wehadtokeeptrackofourbelongings,andifsomethingwaslost,itwasnotreplaced.Itwassummerand,oneday,mymotherdrovemetothebikeshoptogetatirefixed—andthereitwasinthewindow.White,shiny,plasticanddecoratedwithflowers,thebasketwinkedatmeandIknew—Iknew—Ihadtohaveit.“It’sbeautiful,”mymothersaidwhenIpointeditouttoher.“Whataneatbasket.”Itriedtoholdoffatfirst.Iplayeditcoolforashortwhile.ButthenIguessIcouldn’tstanditanylonger:“Mom,pleasecanIplease,pleasegetit?I’lldoextrachoresforaslongasyousay.I’lldoanything,butIneedthatbasket.Ilovethatbasket.Please,Mom.Please?”Iwasdesperate.“Youknow,”shesaid,gentlyrubbingmybackwhilewebothstaredatwhatIbelievedwasthecoolestthingever,“Ifyousaveupyoucouldbuythisyourself.”“BythetimeImakeenoughit’llbegone!”“MaybeRogerherecouldholditforyou,”shesmiledatRoger,thebikeguy.“Hecan’tholditforthatlong,Mom.Someoneelsewillbuyit.Please,Mom,please?”“Theremightbeanotherway,”shesaid.Andsoourpayingplanunfolded.MymotherboughtthebeautifulbasketandputitsafelyinsomehidingplaceIcouldn’tfind.EachweekIeagerlycountedmygrowingsavingsincreasedbyextraworkhereandthere(washingthecar,helpingmymothermakedinner,deliveringorcollectingthingsonmybikethatalreadylookednakedwithoutthebasketinfront).Andthen,weekslater,Icounted,re-countedandjumpedforjoy.Oh,happyday!Imadeit!Ifinallyhadtheexactamountwe’dagreedupon....Dayslatertheunthinkablehappened.AneighborhoodgirlI’dplayedwithmillionsoftimesappearedwiththeexactsamebasketfixedtohershiny,newbikethatalreadyhadallthebellsandwhistles.Irodehardandfasthometotellmymotheraboutthisdisaster.Thishorribleturnofevents.AndthencamethelessonI’vetakenwithmethroughmylife:“Honey,yourbasketisextra-special,”Momsaid,gentlywipingawaymyhottears.“Yourbasketisspecialbecauseyoupaidforityourself.”43．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Themotherraisedherchildreninanunusualway.B．ThewriterenviedthedaughtersoftheU.S.president.C．Thewriter’sparentssharedthedutytobringupchildren.D．Managingbudgetisaneffortlessjobtomosthousewives.44．Byusing“naked”(Paragraph12),theauthorseemstostressthatthebasketwas________.A．wellworththeeffortshehadmade B．themostvaluableshehadeverobtainedC．anunnecessaryaccessorytoherbike D．somethingthebikecouldn’tdowithout45．Totheauthor,itseemedtobeahorribleturnofeventsthat________.A．thebasketcostmorethanshehadsavedB．someoneelsehadgotabasketofthesamekindC．herpayingplanwasspoiledD．aneighborhoodgirlboughtanicerbike46．Whatisthelifelessontheauthorlearnedfromhermother?A．Savemoneyforarainyday. B．Goodadviceisbeyondallprice.C．Earnyourbreadwithyoursweat. D．Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.SectionCDirections:CompletethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesintheboxEachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.WhatYour“Age”SaysAboutYouImagine,foramoment,thatyouhadnobirthcertificateandyouragewassimplybased

on

thewayyoufeelinside.Howoldwouldyousayyouare?Likeyourheightorshoesize,thenumberofyearsthathavepassedsinceyoufirstenteredtheworldisanunchangeablefact.47Scientistsareincreasinglyinterestedinthisquality.Theyarefindingthatour“subjective

age”maybeessentialforunderstandingthereasonswhysomepeopleappeartobeenergeticastheygrowold—whileothersfade.48Itisnowwellacceptedthatpeopletendtomatureastheygetolder,becominglessextroverted(外向的)andlessopentonewexperiences.Thesepersonalitychangesareoftenconsideredmoreobviousinthepeoplewitholdersubjectiveages.However,thosewhofeelyoungerthantheyreallyarealsobecomemorereliableandlessneurotic(神经质的)astheygainthewisdomthatcomeswithgreaterlifeexperience.Butitdoesn’tcomeatthecostoftheenergyandvigorofyouth.It’snottruethathavingalowersubjectiveageleavesusfrozeninastateofpermanentimmaturity.Feelingyoungerthanyouryearsalsoseemstocomewithalowerriskofdepressionandgreater

mental

wellbeingas

weage.49Mostpeoplefeltabouteightyearsyoungerthantheiractualchronologicalage(实际年龄).Butsomefelttheyhadaged—andtheconsequenceswereserious.Feelingbetween8and13yearsolderthanyouractualageresultedinan18-25%greaterriskofdeathoverthestudyperiods,andgreaterdiseaseburden—evenwhenyoucontrolforotherdemographic(人口学的)factorssuchaseducation,raceormaritalstatus.50Howeveroldyoureallyare,it’sworthquestioningwhetheranyofthoselimitationsarecomingfromthewithin.A．Italsomeansbetterphysicalhealth.B．Oneofthemostinterestingaspectsoftheresearchhasexploredhowsubjectiveageinteractswithourpersonality.C．Somestudieshaveexploredthepotentialphysicalconsequencesofthisdifference.D．Thesefindingscangiveusallaviewofthewayourownbrainsandbodiesendurethepassingoftime.E．Buteverydayexperiencesuggeststhatpeopleoftendon’texperienceageingthesameway.F．Manyresearchersarenowtryingtostudyhowthisknowledgemighthelpuslivelonger.IV.SummaryWriting51．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint'(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Thesedays,itsnotunusualtoseemiddle-agedmencollectingStarWarsactionfigures，officeworkerswearingHelloKittyaccessories,orcelebritieslikeDavidBeckhamplayingwithLegobricks,it'sbecomingmoreandmorecommontoseeadulttakinganinterestintoys,comicbooksandtheactivitiesthataretraditionallyassociatedwithchildren.Thisphenomenonhasgivenrisetoanewword:kidult.Whatliesbehindthephenomenon?Oneisaboutadults'nostalgia（怀旧）forthecarefreedaysofchildhood,andthisisespeciallytruewithtoday'sfast-paced,stressfullifestyles.Anotherisaboutasocietalchangeinrecentdecadeswherepeoplearestartingfamilieslater.Asaresul