上海市虹口区2023-2024学年高三下学期二模考试英语

虹口区2023学年度第二学期期中学生学习能力诊断测试高三英语试卷2024.04考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上。I.ListeningprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Onafarm. B.Atalibrary.C.Inasnackbar. D.Inadepartmentstore.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.7:00. B.7:30.C.8:00. D.8:30.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Sheisinferiortohiminmaths. B.Sheisreallygoodatmaths.C.Shedoesn’tworkhardatmaths. D.Shedidn’tdowellinthistest.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hegotinjuredyesterday. B.Hedidn’tfinishhispaperontime.C.Hefailedtosubmithispaperontime. D.Hecouldn’tfocushismindonthepaper.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.HeadmiresEmmaforhercourage.B.Hedoesn’tunderstandwhatEmmasaid.C.HegetsangrywithEmmaatthemeeting.D.HethinksEmmashouldtakeabusinesscourse.6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Thewomanislookingforaresearchtopic.B.Thewomanisstrugglingwithdataanalysis.C.Themanistoobusytoofferhelp.D.Themancan’tmakesenseofthedata.7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Theyarestressedoutduetotheirwork.B.Theycarelittleaboutthelackofofficesupplies.C.Theyareconcernedabouttheoffice’scleanliness.D.Theyaretornbetweenworkandfamilyresponsibilities.8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.ProfessorWangisverygoodatteachingbiology.B.Itisunfortunateforthemantohavebiologyclass.C.Thebiologicalproblemishardforallthestudents.D.Themanstilldoesn’tunderstandtheproblem.9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Styleschangemorequicklythannecessary.B.Youngstersdon’treallyknowwhatfashionis.C.Peopleshouldcaremoreabouttheirappearance.D.It’snotsensibletogoafterdesignerclothing.10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Themanmusttakehistoryclassesthisterm.B.Sciencecourseisnotavailablethisterm.C.Therewillbeanewhistoryteacherthisterm.D.Shedoesn’tknowwhattherequiredcoursesarethisterm.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.A.Amysteriouscode. B.Atheoryofpersonalitytypes.C.Apersonalitytype. D.Atesttoidentifyone’spersonality.12.A.Tojudgeanindividual’sabilities. B.Toidentifyabnormality.C.Tohelppeopleunderstandthemselves. D.Tohelpsettleworkplaceconflicts.13.A.Whetheritcanpromoteworkefficiency.B.Whetheritcanserveitsintendedpurpose.C.Whetheritcanpromotethepublicationofstudies.D.Whetheritcanshowpeople’spsychologicalstatus.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.A.Theyhavebeensenttowildlifeparksforprotection.B.Theirhabitatshavebeenwellprotected.C.Theyhavebeentakencareofbylocals.D.Theirpopulationhasalmostdoubled.15.A.Shefoughtagainstillegalhunting. B.Shehelpedtocuretheirdisease.C.Sheimprovedtheirlivingconditions. D.Shewasengagedinpreservingforests.16.A.Toteachpeoplehowtotreatgorillas. B.ToboosttheeconomyofUganda.C.TobettertheBatwapeople’slives. D.Toraisefundsforwildlifeprotection.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.A.RaisingfundstofilmtheXFilesTVseries.B.Switchingfromanacademicpathtoacting.C.Givingupthehardwonpositionofadoctor.D.RejectingtheoffersfromtheIvyLeague.18.A.Beingthoughtfulandsomewhatofaloner. B.Havingascientificapproachtolife.C.Enjoyingriskyadventures. D.Beingoverlyoptimistic.19.A.Hedidn’tgotocollege. B.Heisseriousandfocused.C.Hedoesn’tbelieveinUFOs. D.Hesufferedalotfromhisdivorce.20.A.Youwillgrowstrongerbyoveringchallenges.B.Youarenotsupposedtoblameothersevenifyouarehurt.C.Youcan’tpreventothershurtingyoufromtimetotime.D.Youwillbeepowerfulifdrivenbyyourdesires.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.NoFilmingatConcertsandMovieTheatersonPhones“Please,noflashphotography.”Politerequestslikethiscanbefoundinmuseumsallovertheworld,buttheygenerallydon’tdiscouragepeoplefromtakingphotosof____21____theyfeellike.Thesamegoesforconcerts,movietheatersandotherplaces____22____peopleroutinelyignorefilmingrestrictions.AnewpatentfromApplemayblockthatrulebreakingfeature—onphonesatleast.Thepatent,____23____(award)toAppletoday,outlinesasystemwhichwouldallowvenues,likeconcerthallsortheaters,touseaninfraredemitter(红外发射器)toremotelydisablethecamerafunctiononsmartphones.Accordingtothepatent,infraredbeamscouldbepickedupbythecamera,andinterpretedbythesmartphoneasamand____24____(block)theuserfromtakinganyphotosorvideos.Manymusiciansandperformershavebannedcellphonesfromtheirshows____25____theyobjecttothefreefootagecirculatingaroundtheweb.____26____this,imagesstillmanagetoleakout.Prince’slastconcertbeforehepassedawayinAprilwassupposedtobecellphonefree—itapparentlywasn’t.IfApple’spatent____27____(introduce)intoiPhonesoftware,withvenuesputtinginfraredemittersaroundtheirstage,leakslikethiscouldpotentiallystophappening.Butthepatentalsoraisesquestionsaboutthesortofpowerthatthistechnologywouldbehandingoverto____28____withmoreimmoralintentions.Giventhepany’srigidsupportofpersonalprivacywhenitestopolicerequeststobreakintousers’devices,it’spossiblethatApplejust____29____(patent)thetechnologysothatnooneelsewilluseit.Butwhoknows,ifitdoesintendtointroducethisfeaturetofutureoperatingsystems,salesofcamcorders,orevenGoPros,couldgetamuchneededboost,aspeopletrytoavoid_____30_____(use)theprohibitivesoftware.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.chaosB.consumeC.plentifulD.dischargeE.evolutionarilyF.extentG.freezeH.mechanismI.novelJ.subsequentlyK.unstableScienceinImagesOystermushroomsfeatureincuisinesaroundtheworld,buttheyshouldbeoffthemenuforhungrywormswhichthesedeliciousmushroomswillkillandeat.Nowresearchersfinallyknowhowtheydoit.AstudypublishedinScienceAdvancesdetailshowoystermushroomsuseaparticularpoisonoussubstancetofreezeandgetridofmushroomeatingroundwormscallednematodes(线虫).Themushrooms,whichgrowonnutrientpoordeadwood,then___31___thewormsfornutrition.“Nematodeshappentobethemost___32___animalsthesemushroomsencounter.SoIthink,___33___,thiscrosskingdominteractionisveryinteresting,”saysstudyseniorauthor.Thestudyteamofgeneticists,biochemistsandbiologistshadpreviouslyfoundthatoystermushroomsreleaseanunidentifiedpoisonoussubstancethatwillsomehow___34___thewormswithinminutesandcauseachemicalelementtoflowintotheircells,killingthem.This___35___differsfromthoseusedbyothermeateatingmushroomsandcouldbeuniquetooystermushrooms.Fortheirnewwork,theresearchersgrewandanalyzedsamplesofthemushroom’stissue,findingnonoticeablepoisonevenwhentheybrokeitup.Theyreasonedthatwhateverwaskillingthewormsmustbeakindof___36___poundthatdisappearsintoairwhendisturbed.Whentheydamagedtheoystermushroomtissueagainand___37___analyzedthenearbyair,theyfinallyfoundanervegasthatturnedouttobecontainedwithtiny,specialshapedstructuresonthemushroomsurface.Whennematodestouchthemushrooms,thesestructures___38___theirgas,disturbingtheworms’cellwallstocauseimmobilityanddeath.Thewormisthendigestedbythemushrooms.Beforethisstudy,“weunderestimatedthe___39___towhichwildmushroomsdefendagainstorconsumenematodes,”notesNickTalbot,ageneticistatSainsburyLaboratoryinNorwich,England.Thestudydemonstrates“avery____40____approach,”headds.“Theseorganismsarereallydifficulttoworkon,andDr.Hsuehisshowingthatyoucandosomereallyamazingworkwiththem.”III.ReadingprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthemiddleof2023,astudyconductedbytheHuthLabattheUniversityofTexassentshockwavesthroughthefieldsofneuroscience(神经科学)andtechnology.Forthefirsttime,thethoughtsandimpressionsofpeople___41___tomunicatewiththeoutsideworldweretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguage,usingabinationofartificialintelligence(AI)andbrainimagingtechnology.Thisistheclosestsciencehasyeteto___42___someone’smind.Losingtheabilitytomunicateisadeepcuttoone’ssenseofself.___43___thisabilitygivesthepatientgreatercontrolovertheirlives.Butitcouldalsogiveotherentities,suchascorporations,researchersandotherthirdparties,a(n)___44___degreeofinsightinto,orevencontrolover,thelivesofpatients.TheNeuroRightsFoundation,basedatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,arguesthatnewrightssurroundingneurotechnologieswillbe___45___forallhumanstopreservetheirprivacy,identity,andfreewill.Thepotential___46___ofdisabledpatientsmakesthisaparticularlyimportantproblem.___47___thisapproach,Chilewasthefirstcountrythatadoptedlegislation,draftingnewlaws,toaddresstherisksofneurotechnology.Itnotonlyintroducedanewconstitutionalrighttomental___48___,butisalsointheprocessofadoptingabillthatbanssellingneurodata,andforcesallneurotechdevicestoberegulatedasmedicaldevices,eventhoseintendedforthegeneralconsumer.Theproposedlegislationrecognizestheintensely___49___natureofneuraldataandconsidersitasorgantissues,whichcannotbeboughtorsold,onlydonated.Butthislegislationhasalsofaced____50____,withlegalscholarsquestioningtheneedfornewrightsandpointingoutthatitcoulddiscouragebeneficialbrainresearchfordisabledpatients.WhilethelegalactiontakenbyChileisthemostimpactfuland____51____todate,othercountriesareconsideringupdatingexistinglawstofacethenewdevelopmentsinneurotechnologies.Andwhileitislikelythatthefirstapplicationsofneurotechwillbemedical,future____52____arelikelytoinvolveconsumerapplicationssuchasentertainment,aswellasformilitaryandsecuritypurposes.Thegrowing____53____ofneurotechnologyinamercialcontextonlycausesmorelegalconcerns.Differentpeople,societies,andcultureswilldisagreeonwheretodrawtheline.Weareata(n)____54____stageoftechnologicaldevelopment.Andaswebegintouncoverthegreatpotentialofbrainscience,theneedtoconsidertheirimplicationsforlegalactionbeesmore____55____.41.A.eager B.ready C.unwilling D.unable42.A.clearing B.occupying C.changing D.reading43.A.Reducing B.Restricting C.Restoring D.Requiring44.A.irrelevant B.unfortable C.negligible D.supportive45.A.needed B.limited C.controlled D.denied46.A.application B.weakness C.impact D.significance47.A.Inparisonwith B.Inlinewith C.Attheconclusionof D.Atthecostof48.A.integrity B.condition C.disorder D.function49.A.group B.general C.physical D.personal50.A.interaction B.chance C.criticism D.defence51.A.farreaching B.laborsaving C.shortsighted D.illtimed52.A.advances B.arrangements C.requirements D.policies53.A.confidence B.availability C.membership D.movement54.A.mature B.initial C.different D.final55.A.diversified B.genuine C.pressing D.specialSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)IusedtothinkIwasagoodperson.Iwascaringtomyfriends,mypartner,myfamily;IgavetocharityandIvolunteered.ButwhenIstartedtrainingtobeeatherapist(治疗师),Ibegantounderstandthathowevermuchwemightliketothinkofourselvesasgoodpeople,wedon’tactuallyknowourselvesverywell.Ilearnedabouthowwemight,withoutconsciouslyrealizingit,denythefeelingsandmotivationsweconsidertobebad,pushingthemdownintoourunconsciousandprojectingthemoutontoothers,sotheybeethebadpeople.Ilearnedthatdeepinthehumanmind,alongsideloveandkindness,runcurrentsofanger,need,greed,envy,destructiveness,superiority—whetherwewanttoacknowledgethemornot.Itwas22yearoldBoruwhotaughtmewhatitreallymeanstobeagoodgrownup.Wefirstspoketwoyearsago.Hewasunemployed,livingwithhisparents,watchinghisfriends’livesprogress.Agoodgrownup,hetoldme,is“someonewhohashisducksinarow”—andthatwasn’thim.Ialsodidn’tfeellikethepetent,confidentgrownupIthoughtIshouldbe—andneitherdidmostoftheadultsIknew.Iresearchedstatisticsaboutpeoplehittingthetraditionallandmarksofadulthoodlaterandlater,ifatall—frombuyingahometogettingmarriedorstartingafamily.Irecognizedwhatmademefeellikeabadgrownup:thatI’llsitwithabrokenfridgeratherthancallanengineertorepairit.ThenIsawBoruagain.Hetoldmehow,overtwoyears,he’dfoundajobheloves,rentedaflatwithafriend.He’snowcyclingroundtheworld,havingadventuresthatwillkeephimstrongfortherestofhislife.Sowhatchanged?“Youstarttohavethoseconversationswithyourself,andyoubeemoreofanhonestperson.Idon’tfeellikeI’mhidingfromanythinganymore,becauseI’mnothidingfrommyself.”Ithinkgrowingupmustinvolvefindingyourownwaytohavethoseconversations.Borudoesitonhisbike,Idoitinpsychoanalysis,othersIspoketodoitwhilecookingorplayingmusic.That,forBoru,andforme,iswhatitmeansto“havehisducksinarow”.56.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphimplyaboutunderstandingourselves?A.Recognizingourpositivetraitsisenoughforgrowth.B.Ourunderstandingofourmotivesandfeelingsisaccurate.C.Trueselfawarenessmeansacceptingbothgoodandbadsides.D.Ignoringournegativetraitsdoesnotaffectourselfperception.57.WhatcriticallessondidtheauthorlearnfromBoruaboutbeingagoodgrownup?A.Itinvolveshavingaclearcareerpathandfinancialstability.B.Itrequiresconstantselfimprovementandeducation.C.Itmeansbeingemployedandlivingindependently.D.Itislikeajourneyofselfdiscoveryandhonesty.58.Whatdoestheauthoridentifyasareasonforfeelinglikeaninadequateadult?A.Escapingbasicresponsibilities.B.Delayingreachingtraditionallifemilestones.C.paringpersonalachievementstoothers.D.Investigatingchangingpatternsofadultlife.59.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.WhyHideHarmsB.HowtoBeBetterAdultsC.WhyGrowingupMattersD.HowtoHaveEffectiveConversations(B)GuidedDesertAdventureTypicaldesertactivitieslikesandboarding,dunebashingandquadbikingWiththistour,you’llhavehalfadayofadventureactivitiesinthedesert.You’llstartyourtourbydrivingtoascenicspotonthetopofatallsanddune(沙丘)forachancetotakephotosofthearea.Ontopofasanddune,you’llhavethechancetoslidedownthesidebysandboarding.Fromhere,you’llgetreadyforhittingsomedunesinafourwheeldrivevehicle.Next,you’llhoponaquadbikeandhavetimetodrivearoundthedesertintheopenair.Finally,you’llhaveacamelridearoundasmallpartofthedesert.What’sincludedPickupanddropoff20minutesofsandboarding35minutesofdunebashing25minutesofquadbiking10minutecamelrideWaterandsoftdrinksAdrivethroughacamelfarmAdditionalinformationRequiresahighlevelofphysicalfitness.Notsuitableforchildrenbetween0and5.Childrenunder18mustbeacpaniedbyanadult.ToursstartingafternoonincludeaBBQdinnerwithsweetsandfruits,whichcostsanadditionalUS$45/persononly.60.Whatkindofexperiencescanparticipantsexpectfromthistrip?A.Takingasandbathingonthetopofasanddune.B.Exploringtheexpansivedesertfreelyonacamelride.C.Anexcitingdayadventurefilledwithdiverseactivities.D.Capturingthebreathtakingdesertlandscapewithacamera.61.Howmuchdoesagroupoffouruniversitystudentsneedtopayfortakingthe14:00tour?A.US$180. B.US$220. C.US$265. D.US$400.62.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobeareviewfromaformerparticipantofthetour?A.Theshowwasgreat!Ihighlyremend!B.ItwasalotoffunandIenjoyedeveryminuteofit.C.Theplaceiscool,easytofindandgettowithmetro.D.Arriveearlyforticketstoavoidalongqueue.(C)Pricingismanagers’biggestmarketingheadache.It’swheretheyfeelthemostpressuretoperformandtheleastcertainthattheyaredoingagoodjob.Allsuccessfulpricingeffortssharetwoqualities:Thepolicybineswellwiththepany’soverallmarketingstrategy,andtheprocessiswellorganizedasawhole.Apany’spricingpolicysendsamessagetothemarket—itgivescustomersanimportantsenseofapany’sphilosophy.ConsiderSaturnCorporation(awhollyownedpanyofGeneralMotors).Saturnwantstoletconsumersknowthatitisfriendlyandeasytodobusinesswith.Partofthisconceptisconveyedthroughinitiativessuchasinvitingcustomerstothefactorytoseewherethecarsaremadeandsponsoringeveningsatthedealershipthatbineasocialeventwithtrainingoncarmaintenance.ButSaturn’spricingpolicysendsastrongmessageaswell.Canafriendly,trustingrelationshipbeestablishedwithcustomersifasalespersonusesallthenegotiatingtricksinthebooktotrytoseparatethemfromthatlast$100?Ofcoursenot.Saturnhasa“nohassle,nohaggle”policywhichremovesthepossibilityofconflictsbetweendealerandpotentialcustomer.Customershaveaneasiertimebuyingacarknowingthatthenextpersoninthedoorwon’tnegotiateabetterdeal.Ofcourse,therearetypicallymanyparticipantsinthepricingprocess:Accountingprovidescostestimates;marketingmunicatesthepricingstrategy;salesprovidesspecificcustomerinput;productionsetssupplyboundaries;andfinanceestablishestherequirementsfortheentirepany’sfinancialhealth.Inputfromdiversesourcesisnecessary.However,problemsarisewhenthephilosophyofwideparticipationiscarriedovertothepricesettingprocesswithoutstrongcoordinatingmechanisms(协调机制).Forexample,ifthemarketingdepartmentsetslistprices,thesalespeoplenegotiatediscountsinthefield,thelegaldepartmentadjustspricesifnecessarytopreventbreakingthelawsorcontractualagreements,andthepeoplefillingordersnegotiatepriceadjustmentsfordelaysinshipment,everybody’sbestintentionsusuallyendupbringingaboutlessthanthebestresults.Infact,thepanymayactuallylosemoneyonsomeorders.63.Whyisitessentialforapany’spricingpolicytobinewithitsoverallmarketingstrategy?A.Tomaximizepossiblereturnsandprofits.B.Tomaintainconsistencyinbusinessoperations.C.Toeliminatetheneedfordiversesalesinputs.D.Toattractcustomerstosocialeventsandtrainings.64.WhatdoesSaturn’s“nohassle,nohaggle”policy(paragraph2)mostprobablymean?A.Saturntrainsitsdealerstotreatcustomerssincerely.B.Saturnoffersdiscountstosomeloyalcustomers.C.Saturncarsareatleast$100cheaperthanothercars.D.Saturncarsaresoldatfixed,nonnegotiableprices.65Whatcanbeinferredfromthewideparticipationinthepricingprocess?A.Decisionmakingrequiresgatheringprehensiveinformation.B.Thecoordinatingmechanismwon’tworkwithoutalotofinput.C.Potentialcustomersareeasilyupsetatanystageoftheprocess.D.Thepanylosesmoneyunlesseveryoneintendsforthebest.66.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheartofcoordinatingpricingprocessesB.ThebestsalesnegotiationtechniquesCGettingonestepclosertowardbetterpricingD.MaximizingprofitsthroughpricingpoliciesSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.YourLifeIsBetterThanYouThinkTheundeniablepopularityofselfhelpbooks,wellnesspodcasts,andhappinessworkshopsreflectstheconstanthumandesiretomakelifebetter.______67______Whilewemayhavealovingfamilyagoodplacetolive,andadecentjob,weoftenfailtonoticethosethings.It’snotbecauseweareungratefulorstupid,butit’sbecauseofabasicfeatureofourbrain,knownashabituation.Habituationisthetendencyofneuronstofirelessandlessinresponsetothingsthatareconstant.Youenteraroomfilledwithrosesandafterashortwhile,youcannotdetecttheirscentanylonger;andjustasyougetusedtothesmelloffreshflowers,youalsogetusedtoalovingrelationship,toapromotion,toanicehome,toawonderfulworkofart.Likethefrontpageofadailynewspaper,yourbraincaresaboutwhatrecentlychanged,notaboutwhatremainedthesame.______68______Youhabituatetoit—youfailtonoticeandrespondtoelementsofyourlifewhichyoupreviouslyfoundamazing.______69______Thatis,youcansuddenlystartperceivingandrespondingtothingstowhichyouhavebeedesensitized.Thekeyistakingsmallbreaksfromyourdailylife.Forexample,whenpeoplereturnhomefromalongbusinesstrip,theyoftenfindtheiroldlifehas“reshined.”Ordinarythingssuddenlyseemamazing.Ifsomethingisconstant,weoftenassume(perhapsunconsciously)thatitistheretostay,andasaresult,wefocusourattentionandeffortonthenextthingonourlist.______70______Ifitisgoodatitscore,itmayjustreshine.Thisiswhytimeaway,howevershort,willenableyoutoperceiveyourlifewithfresheyes—andtobreakupreality.A.Andso,whatoncetookyourbreathawaybeespartoflife’sfurniture.B.Butcoulditbethatmanyofourlivesarealreadybetterthanwerecognize?C.Habituationtothegooddrivesyoutomoveforwardandprogress.D.Butifwecanmaketheconstantlessso,ourattentionwillnaturallyturnbacktoit.E.Ratherthanfocusonhowtoseeourlifebetter,weneedtolearntobetterourlife.F.Thegoodnewsisthatyoucandishabituate.IV.SummaryWriting71.Directions:

Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WhyEarwormsGetStuckinYourHeadWeallgetasensationwhenasong,fornoapparentreason,refusestoleaveyourhead—infactwe’renostrangerstothedreaded“earworm.”ButanewstudypublishedinPsychologyofAesthetics,CreativityandtheArtsrevealsafascinatinginsightintoearworms,andwhysomesongsarebetterthanothersinstickinginourheadsbyinvestigatingtheactualelementsofthesongthatmakeitcatchyinthefirstplace.Todothis,mostfrequentearwormsoftheparticipantswereenteredintoadatabaseandparedtosongsthathadneverbeenreportedasanearwormatall.Themelodicfeaturesofthetuneswerethenanalyzed,revealingthatearwormtunesweretypicallythosesongsthathaveoverallmelodicshapesmoninWesternpopmusic.Aclassicexampleofamoncontour(音调的升降曲线)patternisheardinTwinkle,TwinkleLittleStar,wherethefirstphraserisesinpitchandthesecondfalls.Thismakesthetuneeasytorememberandhasbeenexploitedinmanyothernurseryrhymes,butalsoinpopmusic.Inadditiontothemelodicshape,theotheringredienttotheearwormformulaistheunusualintervalstructure.Theaimofthisistosurpassthelistener’sexpectationsofanaveragepopsong,showingunexpectedleapsormorerepeatednotesthanusual.“Ourfindingsshowthatyoucan,tosomeextent,predictwhichsongsaregoingtogetstuckinpeople’sheadsbasedonthesong’smelodiccontent,”saysoneoftheresearchers,“Thiscouldhelpsongwritersoradvertiserswriteajingle(短歌)everyonewillrememberfordaysormonthsafterwards.”Theauthorsconcludethatstudiesofearwormscanhelpexplainhowthebrainworks,andimproveourunderstandinginhowperception,emotions,memoryandspontaneousthoughtsbehaveindifferentpeople.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.火山喷发是多么令人惊叹自然现象呀！(What)（汉译英）________________________________________________________________________________________73.除非提供更新鲜的内容给观众，否则视频流量就会下降。(unless)（汉译英）________________________________________________________________________________________74.随着人们的生活回归正轨，工作节奏加快，一些宠物被遗弃街头无家可归。(As)（汉译英）________________________________________________________________________________________75.这所百年老校近年来开展了一系列“戏曲进课堂”活动，让更多学生感受到中国传统戏曲文化的独特魅力。(launch)（汉译英）________________________________________________________________________________________VI.GuidedWriting76.Directions:WriteanEnglishpositionin120150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgiven