语法重点复习虚拟语气讲义

语法重点复习---虚拟语气既定模式中的虚拟语气：A.由if构成的虚拟语气:If引导一个条件句,含义为”如果/假如…”(在宾语从句中=whether”是否”时除外)可以用来表示两种条件:可实现的假设条件(这种假设只可发生在将来,即:说话之后),此时,if从句被称为:真实条件句,其引导的主从句的时态对应关系如下:if+SA+P(仅用一般现在时或am/is/aregoingtodo;am/is/aretodo=want/plantodo),SB+P(一般现在/一般将来)(2)不可实现的假设条件,即,虚拟条件.这种假设可以针对:现在(说话时及目前阶段);过去(说话前)及将来.但都无法实现.此时,if从句与主句的时态对应关系如下表所示:假设情况If从句中的动词形式主句中的动词形式对现在S+P(一般过去时/be动词常用were)S+P(would/should/could/might+be…/dosth/bedone)对过去S+P(过去完成时:hadbeen…/haddonesth/hadbeendoneS+P(would/should/could/might+havebeen/done)对将来S+P:(1)一般过去weretodoshouldbe…/dosthS+Pwould/should/could/might+be…/dosth例:Ifthey_________(get)tothebookingofficeearlier,theywouldhavegotsometickets.Ifyou__________(make)thesamemistakelater,youwouldbepunished.Ifthedoctor____________(send)forwithoutdelay,theboywouldstillbealive.Ifhe______________(receive)threemorevotes,hewouldbeourprincipalnow.掌握方法:判断if从句是真实还是虚拟句判断所假设的的情况的所在时间区域背熟主,从句的时态对应关系记忆技巧:条件句中的时态比虚拟情况早一个时态!B.用wish或ifonly引导一个从句表示一种无法实现的愿望:要是…就好了/旦愿…从句时态变化如下现在无法实现过去无法实现将来无法实现(sb)wish(that)ifonlyS+P(一般过去时)be动词常用wereS+P(过去完成时)S+P:wouldcould/might+be…/dosth/bedone注意:wish与hope的区别:hopethat从句表示一个可以实现的愿望hope不可用于:hopesb+sth(祝福语)的表达!二.特定词汇后面的虚拟语气:A.特定动词后面的that从句中的非假设性虚拟:建议suggestadviserecommend(that)S+(should)+be…do…bedone命令ordercommand同上请求demanddesirerequestrequireinsisturge同上注意:(1)当suggest的主语为sth时,其含义为暗示/表明;后面的从句用正常形式(2)当insist的含义为:坚持说/坚持认为/坚持表白时,后面的从句用正常形式B.特定名词后面的that从句(同位语从句)中的非假设性虚拟:建议suggestionadvicerecommendationthatS+(should)+be…do…bedone命令ordercommand同上请求demanddesirerequestrequirement同上C.特定形容词后面的that从句中的非假设性虚拟:It+is(be)importantstrangenecessaryessentialdesirablenaturalthatS+(should)+be…do…bedone三.固定句式中that从句后的虚拟语气:A.Itis(high,right)time(that)+S+P(一般过去时/shouldbe…/do…;should不可省)Itistime(that)you________(go)tobed.B.(1)sbAwouldrathersbB+P(一般过去):对现在或将来情况;A希望/旦愿B(现在/将)…就好了.I’dratherhe________(be)presentatthis/tomorrow’sconference.(2)sbAwouldrathersbB+P(过去完成时):对过去情况;A希望/旦愿B那时/曾…就好了.I’dratheryou_________(pass)thatdifficultexam.四.到装虚拟式:当if条件句中为:IfS+P(were/haddone/shoulddosth)时可变为:Were/Had/Should+S+P(适当形式)…,主句不变Ifitweresummertomorrow,wecouldgoswimming.=Wereitsummertomorrow,wecouldgoswimming.Ifhehadcometoschoolyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilmstar.=Hadhecometoschoolyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilmstar.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tgo.=WereIyou,Iwouldn’tgo.IfheshouldbeinNanjingnextweek,wecouldgotothepartytogether.=ShouldhebeinNanjingnextweek,wecouldgotothepartytogether.二.非既定模式中的虚拟语气:Butforsb/sthA,SB+P(虚拟式)=IfitbenotbecauseofA/iftherebenoA,…如果要不是因为A/要是没有A,B就…(SB后面的虚拟形式要根据A的假设情况而定)Butfortheheavyrainyesterday,we_____________(notstay)athome.Butforhisgreateffort,he__________(notpass)theexamsoeasily.1.)Withoutsb/sthA,SB+P…如果没有A,B就…2.)Withsb/sthA,SB+P…如果有A,B就…注意:由于without…,with…可以相当于一个if从句的功能,因此,解题时应首先读出其相当于一个真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,再确定SB后面的谓语形式.Withoutthepills,you____________(have)anothersleeplessnight.Withoutthepills,you____________(have)suchagoodsleep.Withthefurtherdevelopmentofmodernagriculture,consumers_________(supply)withmoregreenfood.Withapairofwingslikeabird,you________(fly)inthesky.C.(1.)SA+P(一般过去),+or/otherwise+SB+P(would/should/could/mighthavedone)Iwasbusy,or/otherwiseIwouldhavejoinedyouinthepicnic.(2.)SA+P(would/should/could/mightdo)+but+SB+P(一般现在)IwouldhelpyoubutIambusy.(3.)SA+P(would/should/could/mighthavedone)+but+SB+P(一般过去)IwouldhavehelpedyoubutIwasbusy.A.巩固练习:Justnowhemadethesuggestionthatwe_______(carry)onthetalkinFrench.Itisnecessarythatyou_________(ask)othersforadviceontheworkplan.I___________(manage)thedesignwithoutyourencouragement.They_________(attend)theconcertlastnight,buttheyweretoobusy.Shewishedsincerelythatshe________(do)somethingtocomfortherhusband,whoisstilloutofwork.Ifonlyhe________(have)thecouragetoenterthehouse.Orhewouldhavefounditthere.Indifferentcircumstances,I_________(agree)Ifhe_________(receive)threemorevotes,hewouldbeourheadmaster.Itisstillfreshinmymemoryasthoughit_______(be)tonight.Ithinkit’shightimethatshe______(make)uphermind.Ifit_________(notbe)fortherain,wewouldhavehadagoodharvest.______(be)sheincharge,shewoulddothingsdifferently.I’dratheryou__________(notopen)thewindow,foritisalittlecold.Ourworldwouldbemuchbetterifthere________(be)nowaratall.Thecustomerwalkedslowlyforfearthatthevase_______(slip)fromherhandsandbreak.B.检测练习:Itisdesirablethatco-operationbetweencountries______aslongaspossible.keepsB.couldbekeptC.bekeptD.mustbekeptTheGeneralsecretaryoftheU.Norderedthatpeace-keepingtroops_____toIraqimmediately.A.wassentB.wouldbesentC.shouldsendD.besentIfI_____somuchworktodothisweekend,I____withyouforaholiday.hadn’tgot,goB.wouldn’thave,wentC.didn’thave,wouldgoD.didn’thave,went4.Everything_____ifMr.Blackhadn’tcalledthefiredepartmentimmediatelyafterthefirebrokeout.A.woulddestroyB.wouldhavedestroyedC.wouldbedestroyedD.wouldhavebeendestroyedHefeltlonelyandsadasifthewholeworld_____againsthim.A.turnsB.hasturnedC.isturningD.hadturnedHewasinpovertyatthattime.______,hewouldn’thaveacceptedthemoney.HoweverB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.ThenIfonlyhe_____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsufferedsomuchnow.A.liesB.hadlainC.layD.shouldlieIthasbeenrecommendedthatmoretrees____nbigcitiestopurifytheair.willbeplantedB.beplantedC.areplantedD.aretobeplanted9．_____suchastudentasTomveryoften,Iwouldalwaysbeingreattrouble.IfIamtomeetB.WereItomeetC.WasItomeetD.IfImeet10.Thefineweathersuggeststhatthere____agoodharvest.A.shouldbeB.beC.isD.willbe11.Therewasalotoffunatyesterday’sparty.You_____come,butwhydidn’tyou?musthaveB.shouldC.needhaveD.oughttohave12.---DoyoumindifIkeeppetsinthisbuilding?---_______.I’dratheryoudidn’tactually.B.Ofcoursenot.It’snotallowedhere.Great!Ilovepets.D.No,youcan’t13.Whatwouldhavehappened_____,asfarastheriverbank?BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther14.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI____inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall15._____besentthere?A.WhodoyousuggestB.WhodoyousuggestthatshouldDoyousuggestwhoshouldD.DoyousuggestwhomshouldHetalkedasifhe____foryears.islivingthereB.waslivingthereC.haslivedthereD.hadlivedthereTheofficerorderedthateverybody____partinthecampaign.takeB.takesC.tookD.willtakeHekepthishead,otherwisetheaccident_____.wouldhappenB.hadhappenedC.werehappeningD.wouldhavehappenedTheperformanceintheopenairwouldhavebeencalledoff____it__