Unit+3+单词用法+知识点讲解 人教版英语八年级下册

Unit3WordsandExpressionsrubbishn.（英式）垃圾（不可数名词）（美式）垃圾：garbage名词：可以指普通垃圾，也可比喻没有价值的东西或事情、瞎话或者废话。Pleasetakeouttherubbish.请倒一下垃圾。Shewastalkingrubbishinthemeeting.她在会上说的全是废话。Theshopisfullofuselessrubbish.这个商店卖的全是没有用的垃圾。形容词：“不会，没有能力做某件事情”I’mrubbishatplayingcomputergames.我对电子游戏一窍不通。Mybestfriendisarubbishsinger.我的好朋友根本就不会唱歌。foldv.折叠、对折foldone’sclothes叠某人的衣服sweepv.扫、擦（sweep-swept）sweepthefloor扫地sweepthewindow擦窗户sweeptheclassroom打扫教室floorn.地板地板：onthefloor在地板上Don’tlieonthefloor.不要躺在地板上。楼层：onthe+序数词+floor，表示“在第几楼”Weareonthesecondfloor.我们在第2楼。Thisbuildingisreallytallandithas30floors.这栋大楼很高，它有30层楼。messn.杂乱、不整洁inamess乱七八糟makeamess弄得一团糟（1）名词：Oh,yourroomisinamess.你的房间太乱了。Don’tmakeamessinyourroom.不要把你的房间弄得一团糟。（2）vt.使不整洁、弄乱：Don’tmessmyroom.不要把我的房间弄乱。（3）adj.肮脏的、不整洁的：messyHisroomisalwaysmessy.他的房间总是脏乱。throwv.扔、掷（throw-threw）及物动词：Don’tthrowyourclotheshereandthere.不要把你的衣服到处扔。不及物：Icanthrewthefarthest.我可以扔得最远。短语：throwdown扔下、随手丢下（动副结构）throwaway抛弃、丢掉（动副结构）throwat向...扔去（恶意）throwto向...扔去（无恶意）Tomthrewdownhisbagonthefloorandwenttohislivingroom.Ifyoudon’tneedthebottles,youcanthrowthemaway.Don’tthrowawayyouroldbooks.Youcangivethemaway.Tom!Throwtheballtome.汤姆把球扔给我。（无恶意）Tomthrewastoneatmejustnow.汤姆刚才拿石头向我扔来。（恶意）allthetime频繁、反复Ican’tbelieveyourwordsbecauseyoutellliesallthetime.Theweatherhereisverycoldallthetime.YouwatchTVallthetimeandneverhelpoutthehousework.Noonecanhelpyouallthetime.Youshouldbeindependent.neitheradv.也不：neither+be/情态动词/助动词+主语（用于否定句，表示前面否定的也适用于后者。）so+be/情态动词/助动词+主语（用于肯定句，表示前面否定的情况也适用于后者。）MikeisstrongandsoamI.迈克很强壮，我也是。HecanplaytheguitarandsocanI.他会弹吉他，我也会。Hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayandneitherdidI.他昨天没去学校，我也没去。HeisnotinterestedinEnglishandneitheramI.他对英语不感兴趣，我也不敢兴趣。pron.两者都不反义词：both两者都neitherof+可数名词复数/代词复数（做主语时，谓语单复数均可）--Whichcolordoyoulike,redorblue?--Neither.Ilikegreen.都不喜欢，我喜欢绿色。Neitherofthemwant（wants）tosweepthefloor.他们俩都不想去扫地。assoonas一...就...（引导时间状语从句，遵从“主将从现”，“主祈从现”，“主情从现，“主过从过”。）Iwillgooutwithmyfriendsassoonasitstopsraining.（主将从现）Don’tforgettocallmeassoonasyouarriveinBeijing.（主祈从现）Youshouldn’twatchTVassoonasyouarrivehome.（主情从现）Tomtoldmethenewsassoonasheheardthat.（主过从过）passvt.给、递：passsbsth=passsthtosb.递给某人某物Pleasepassmethebook.=Pleasepassthebooktome.请把那本书递给我。注意：当pass后sb和sth都为代词时，只能用passsthtosb结构。Pleasepassmeit.（错误）Pleasepassittome.（正确）vt.走过、通过：Isawhimpasstheclassroom.我看见他走过了教室。Thankstoyourhelp,Ipassedtheexam.多亏你的帮助，我通过了考试。borrowvt.借、借用（借入）borrowsth借某物borrowsthfromsb从...借某物CouldIborrowyourbook?我可以借你的书吗？Youcanborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary.你可以从图书馆借一些书。lendvt.借、借出（借出）lend-lentlendsbsth=lendsthtosb借给某人某物Icanlendyouthebook.=Icanlendthebooktoyou.我可以把这本书借给你。keep也有“借、保存”的意思，可以一段时间连用，keepsthfor+一段时间。串记：Iborrowedthebookfromthelibrary.IlentittoTomtwodaysagoandtoldhimthathecouldkeepitforthreedays.我从图书馆借来这本书。我两天前把它借给了汤姆，并且告诉他可以借用三天。hatevt.厌恶、讨厌（不能用于进行时）；近义词：dislikehatesb/sth讨厌某人/某物hatetodosth/doingsth.讨厌做某事Ihateyou/vegetables.我讨厌你/蔬菜。Ihatedoingsports.我讨厌做运动。choren.杂物、乏味无聊的事dochores做杂务Icanhelptodosomechoresathome.我可以帮忙做些家里的杂事。whileconj.连词“当...的时候”，引导时间状语从句。MymomarrivedhomewhileIwasdoingmyhomework.MymomwaswatchingTVwhileIwassweepingthefloor.“然而”，表示转折：Itakeaftermymomwhilemysisterdoesn’t.stressn.精神压力、心里负担（不可数名词）understress承受压力facelotsofstress面对许多压力Thestudentstodayhavetoomuchstress.现在的学生有太大的压力。wasten.浪费、垃圾awasteof浪费...Ihatewaste.我讨厌浪费。Playingcomputergamesisawasteoftime.打电子游戏是浪费时间。Couldyoupleasetakeoutthewaste？你可以倒一下垃圾吗？vt.浪费、滥用wastemoney/water/time浪费钱/水/时间wastetime/moneyonsth在某事上浪费金钱/时间wastetime/money(in)doingsth.浪费时间/金钱做某事adj.废弃的、无用的wastepaper废纸inorderto目的是、为了（1）表示目的，其后接动词原形，其否定形式为inordernottodo.Hestudieshardinordertogetgoodgrades.他努力学习是为了得到好成绩。inorderthat也表示目的，但其后接从句，相当于sothat.Hestudieshardinorderthathecangetgoodvidevt.提供、供应Ourrestaurantprovidenicemeals.我们餐馆提供美味的饭食。providesbwithsth.=providesthforsb.提供某人某物Wecanprovidethepoorwithfood.=Wecanprovidefoodforthepoor.anywayadv.而且、加之：多用于追加评论或追加信息。WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes,andanywayit’sawasteoftime.尽管如此、无论如何：I’mafraidIcan’tcometoyourparty,butthankyouforyourinvitationanyway.dependon（1）依赖、依靠：dependonsb/sth/oneself依靠某人/某物/某人自己Weshouldn’tdependonmobilephonestoomuch.Wecan’tdependonourparentsallthetime.取决于：（主语常为物）Healthdependsongoodlivinghabits.Goodgradesdependsonhardwork.developv.发展、壮大Doingchoreshelpstodevelopchildren’sindependence.Weshoulddevelopgoodlivinghabits.Oursoccerteamwilldevelopquickly.拓展：developedadj.发达的developingadj.发展中的developmentn.发展、发育、成长ChinaisadevelopingcountrywhileAmericaisadevelopedcountry.Weshouldcareaboutthestudents’development.我们应该关心学生们的成长。WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,moreandmorepeoplelikemakingfriendsonline.随着网络的发展，越来越多人喜欢在网上交友。independencen.独立（不可数名词）反义：dependencen.依赖dependv.依赖dependentadj.依靠的independentadj.独立的It’simportanttodevelopchildren’sindependence.培养孩子们的独立性很重要。Tomisoldenoughtobeindependent.汤姆已经足够大了，可以独立了。fairness（不可数