英语语法术语

时Tense人称Person数Number体Aspect态Voice带to不定式To-infinitive不带to不定式BareInfinitive边际情态助动词MarginalModelAuxiliary排比结构ParallelConstruction复杂介词ComplexPreposition深层结构DeepStructure动态形容词DynamicAdjective静态形容词StativeAdjective-ing分词–INGParticiple现在分词PresentParticiple动名词Gerund逻辑主语LogicalSubject-ed分词-EDParticiple过去分词PastParticiple前置修饰语Premodifier主语补语SubjectComplement宾语补语ObjectComplement悬垂分词DanglingParticiple无依着法则UnattachedParticiple单词形容词One-wordAdjective复合形容词CompoundAdjective中心形容词CentralAdjective外围形容词PeripheralAdjective使役形容词CausativeAdjective等级形容词GradableAdjective非等级形容词Non-gradableAdjective状语Adverbial连接副词ConjunctiveAdverb简单副词SimpleAdverb派生副词DerivativeAdverb方式副词AdverbofManner程度副词AdverbofDegree时间副词AdverbofTime频度副词AdverbofFrequency地点副词AdverbofPlace连接副词ConjunctiveAdverb解说副词ExplanatoryAdverb修饰性状语Adjunct评注性状语Disjunct连接性状语Conjunct可等级的Gradable原级positive/absolutedegree比较级comparativedegree最高级superlativedegree综合形式syntheticform比较结构comparativeconstruction调核nucleus可等级名词gradablenoun分析性语言analyticlanguage简单介词simplepreposition复杂介词complexpreposition双词介词two-wordpreposition三词介词three-wordpreposition四词介词four-wordpreposition陈述句statement/declarativesentence疑问句question祈使句command感叹句exclamation强调句emphasize强调附加结构reinforcementtag双重否定doublenegative修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion操作词operator局部否定partialnegation疑问句question/interrogativesentence一般疑问句generalquestion特殊疑问句specialquestion选择疑问句alternativequestion附加疑问句tagquestion是非问句yes-noquestion非肯定句non-assertiveword肯定词assertiveword“wh-问句”wh-question附加问句questiontag祈使句command/imperativesentence动词祈使句imperativesentence感叹词exclamation/exclamatorysentence存在句existentialsentence实义主语notionalsubject真主语realsubject36讲修饰修饰modification前置修饰语premodifier后置修饰语postmodifier补足成分complementation限定性修饰语RestrictiveModifier非限定性修饰语Non-restrictiveModifier对比含义ContrastiveMeaning分隔修饰DiscontinuousModification句尾中心EndWeight同位语appositive限定性同位语RestrictiveAppositive非限定性同位语Non-restrictiveAppositive状语Adverbial修饰性状语&结合性状语Adjunct评注性状语&分离性状语Disjunct连接性状语Conjunct37讲替代替代Substitition替代词Substitute名词性替代NominalSubstitition动词性替代VerbalSubstitition分句性替代ClausalSubstitition名词替代词NominalSubstitute动词替代词 VerbalSubstitute 分句替代词 ClausalSubstitute动词替代词&代动词Pro-verb38讲省略省略Ellipsis情境省略SituationalEllipsis39讲后置、前置、倒装词序WordOrder正常词序NormalOrder自然次序NaturalOrder后置Postponement句尾焦点EndFocus句尾重心EndWeight传递信息的单位InformationUnit旧信息OldInformation已知信息Given/KnownInformation新信息NewInformation信息焦点InformationFocus前置Fronting倒装Inversion40讲从句到篇语篇Text粘着性Cohesion连贯性Coherence（句子的）交际功能CommunicativeFunction正确性Correctness适合性Appropriacy新信息thestorm已知信息thecrops过渡词语TransitionalWords/Phrases逻辑纽带LogicalConnectors语法纽带GrammaticalConnectors词汇纽带LexicalConnectors照应Reference人称照应PersonalReference指示照应DemonstrativeReference后照应AnaphoricReference比较照应ComparativeReference平行结构ParallelConstruction累赘Redundancy关键词keyword同义词Synonym近义词Near-synonym语段SentenceGroup统一性Unity单语段语篇Single-Sentence-GroupText多语段语篇Multi-Sentence-GroupText主题句TopicSentence主题语段TopicSentenceGroup辅助句SupportingSentence辅助语段SupportingSentenceGroup语篇修辞TextualRhetoric层进法Climax偏斜修饰语SquintingModifier从属Subordination从属结构SubordinateConstruction限定从属分句FiniteSubordinateClause从属连词Subordinator简单从属连词SimpleSubordinator关联从属连词CorrelativeSubordinator复杂从属连词ComplexSubordinator边际从属连词MarginalSubordinator非限定分句Non-finiteClause无动词分句VerblessClause关系分句RelativeClause关系词RelativeWord定语从句AttributiveClause限制性关系分句RestrictiveRelativeClause非限制性关系分句Non-restrictiveRelativeClause关系代词RelativePronoun关系副词RelativeAdverb关系限定词RelativeDeterminer不定式分句InfinitiveClause双重关系分句DoubleRelativeClause嵌入式关系分句EmbedRelativeClause-ing分词分句–ingParticipleClause-ed分词分句–edParticipleClause时间状语分句AdverbialClauseofTime原因状语分句AdverbialClauseofCause地点状语分句AdverbialClauseofPlace方式状语分句AdverbialClauseofManner结果状语分句AdverbialClauseofResult目的状语分句AdverbialClauseofPurpose条件状语分句AdverbialClauseofCondition让步状语分句AdverbialClauseofConcession同时性SameTime先时性EarlierTime后时性LaterTime并列连词Quasi-coordinator独立结构AbsoluteConstruction语域Register语体Style条件句Conditional真实条件句RealConditional基本形式BasicForm变体形式VariantForm替换形式AlternativeForm非真实条件句UnrealConditional直接引语DirectSpeech间接引语IndirectSpeech引述动词ReportingVerb地点状语locativeadverbial时间状语temporaladverbial非指代性itnon-referring“it