新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题08 推理判断题 （分层练）(解析版)

专题验收评价专题08推理判断题内容概览A·常考题不丢分【命题点01逻辑推断题】【命题点02观点态度题】【命题点03写作意图题】【命题点04文章出处题和读者对象题】【微专题推理判断三大易错陷阱】B·拓展培优拿高分C·挑战真题争满分【命题点01逻辑推断题】1.【2022·全国高考乙卷片段】Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（设施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.15.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision. B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers. D.Itupsetscustomers.【答案】15.B15.B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B。2.【2021·英语全国甲卷片段】...Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.7．WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympneReserve?A．Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B．Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C．ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D．Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.【答案】7．D7．推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“itistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild(要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，PonLympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。3.【2023届河北省高三适应性考试片段】Oneaspectoftheclean-energychangewillhappeninsidebuildings.Manyhomesandbusinessesburnnaturalgasforheatingandcooking.Naturalgasgivesoutgreenhousegasesaswellasotherpollutantsthatcanharmhealth.Gasappliances(家用电器)canbereplacedbyelectricversionsandtapintocleanelectricity.PanamaBartholomyisthedirectoroftheBuildingDecarbonizationCoalition.Hisgroup,basedinPetaluma,Calif.,focusesonlimitinggasemissionsindoors.“Weassumetheelectricgrid(输电网)isgettingcleanerovertime,whichitis.So,wewantmoreandmoreofourheatingtocomefromelectricity.”It’smucheasiertomakethesetypesoftransitionswhengovernmentsrecommendthem,saysBethMiller.SheisanecologistandconsultantwithGoodCompany.BasedinEugene,Ore.,ithelpscompaniesandcommunitiesreducetheircarbonfootprint.Somestatesarealreadytakingstepstomakethesechanges.OnSeptember22,forinstance,Californiadecideditwouldbanthesaleofgas-firedspaceheatersandwaterheatersby2030.Afterhomesandbusinessesmaketheswitchtoelectricalternatives,theywillbemorecomfortable,saysBartholomy.Theywillbesaferandcleaner,too,headds.Insteadofagasfurnace(燃气炉),anelectricheatpumpcouldbothheatandcoolahome.Gasheatersandstoveswon’tbepumpingpollutionintoahome’sair.AndcookswillhaveevenmorecontrolonamodernelectriccookerthanonagasstovesaysBartholomy.Gettingnaturalgasoutofyourhomeisprobablythelargestpositiveimpactyoucanhavefortheplanet,Bartholomysays.“Weallneedtofightforalivableclimate.Thereisnowaytomeetourclimategoalswhilestillburninggasinbuildings.Foralivablefuture,wemusttakemeasurestostopburningnaturalgas,thoughweknowwehavealongwaytogo.”Andthebonus:Itnowlookslikedoingthatshouldalsosavepeoplealotofmoney.14．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A．Homeswillbesafer. B．Gasstoveswillbereplacedsoon.C．Homes’airwillhavemorepollutants. D．Cooksprefertousetraditionalcookers.【答案】14．A【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述将会在建筑内部发生清洁能源的改变，燃气设备将被电动设备取代以及利用清洁能源的好处。14．推理判断题。根据第四段“Afterhomesandbusinessesmaketheswitchtoelectricalternatives,theywillbemorecomfortable,saysBartholomy.Theywillbesaferandcleaner,too,headds.(Bartholomy说，在家庭和企业改用电力替代品之后，它们会更舒适。他补充说，它们也会更安全、更清洁)”可推知，家将会更安全。故选A。4.【2023届安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考片段】Peoplespendaboutathirdoftheirlivessleeping.Thatmightsoundliketimewasted,butit’snot.Eveninadeepsleep,thebrainisbusy.It’shardatworksortingmemories,cleansingitselfofharmfulwastesandmore.Thistimeofrestalsohelpsthebodybuildstrongerbonesandhealwoundsfaster.Expertsrecommendthatteensgetaboutninehoursofsleepeachnight.Butsurveysshowthatonlyaboutone-thirdof18-year-oldreportgettingatleastsevenhoursofsleeppernight.Asteensgothroughpuberty(青春期),theybecomenaturalnightowls.Theirbodiesdon’treleasethehormonemelatonin(褪黑激素)—whichtellsthebrainit’stimeforbed—untillateratnight.Thisshiftstheircircadianrhythm(昼夜节律)sothatsleepcomesmosteasilybetween11p.m.and8a.m.ButmostpubicmiddleandhighschoolsintheUnitedStatesstartbefore8:30a.m.Andthat’samajorproblem8．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphimply?A．Thereismoreforthebraintodealwith.B．Thebrainisthebusiestduringsleepingtime.C．Sleepisvitaltoourhealthandwellbeing.D．Manyaresufferingsleep-relatedproblems.【答案】8．C推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“Eveninadeepsleep,thebrainisbusy.It’shardatworksortingmemories,cleansingitselfofharmfulwastesandmore.Thistimeofrestalsohelpsthebodybuildstrongerbonesandhealwoundsfaster.（即使在深度睡眠中，大脑也很忙碌。大脑需要努力整理记忆，清除有害废物等等。这段时间的休息也有助于身体建立更强壮的骨骼，更快地愈合伤口）”可以推论出，睡眠对我们的健康和幸福至关重要。故选C项。5.【2023届福建省龙岩第一中学高考第三次校模拟片段】Para3:Rotterdamhasalreadyestablisheditselfasoneofthemostclimate-adaptiveplacesintheworld.Everythingfromofficebuildingstoentireneighborhoodsarebuiltonwaterinthecity,whichis90%belowsealevel.TheWingerdens’FloatingFarmwasanewbutnecessaryattempt.Shouldaweathercrisisarise,awaterbornefarmisn’tnecessarilystuckinplace.Aformerpropertydeveloperwithabackgroundinengineering,PeterfoundhisinspirationfortheFloatingFarminaclimatedisasterinNewYorkCity,whereHurricaneSandypreventedthedeliveryoffreshfoodtomillions.TheWingerdens’modelisripeforreproduction—whichisexactlywhattheFloatingFarm’steamof14areworkingonnow.PlansareunderwayforafloatingvegetablefarmtomoveintothespacenexttothecurrentFloatingFarm.PermitapplicationsarealsooutforsimilarstructuresinDubai,SingaporeandtheDutchcitiesofHaarlemandArnhem.ThenewprojectswillapplylessonslearnedfromFloatingFarm.“Youneedtobuildahouseinordertoknowhowtobuildahouse,”Petersays.Thebiggestobstaclesheseesahead,however,arenotfinancialorphysical,butratherpoliticalandadministrative.“Oneofthebiggestchallengeswecomeacrossworldwideisregulations.Citiesneedtohavedisruptivethinking,citiesneedtohavedisruptivedepartments,andcitiesneedtohaveareaswhereyoucansay:OK,thisistheexperimentalzone.”BecausewhatPeterandhisteamarepullingoffisofadifferentorderthanthetypicalsustainabilitymeasures.“Wearenotinnovative,”hesays.“Wearedisruptive.”9．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat___________.A．90%ofthepopulationinRotterdamlivebelowthesealevelB．TheNewYorkCityisworkinghardtofightclimatechangeC．ThelocalcommunitywillnotbefedwithoutnewfarmingD．WaterbornefacilitiesarenecessarytothefutureofRotterdam【答案】9．D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Everythingfromofficebuildingstoentireneighborhoodsarebuiltonwaterinthecity,whichis90%belowsealevel.TheWingerdens’FloatingFarmwasanewbutnecessaryattempt.Shouldaweathercrisisarise,awaterbornefarmisn’tnecessarilystuckinplace.(从办公楼到整个社区，这座城市的一切都建在水面上，而这座城市的海平面低于90%。翁格登夫妇的水上农场是一个新的但必要的尝试。如果出现天气危机，水上农场并不一定会被困在原地。)”可知，鹿特丹一切都建在低于海平面90%的水上，浮动农场是一个新的但必要的尝试，由此可知，水上设施对鹿特丹的未来是必要的。故选D项。【命题点02观点态度题】1.【2021年新高考I卷之D篇片段】Para3:Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.【答案】34.A【解析】推理判断题。通过文章第三段“theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.…Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchers(宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。2.【2020·全国Ⅰ卷D篇片段】Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,MassWhichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A．Skeptical. B．Objective.C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。3.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】...Rightnow,it’shardtoknowwhatthatmiddlewaymightlooklike.In50years,everycitycouldbelitbyenvironmentallylow-impactlights,orwemighthavecompletelyforgottenwhatdarknessis—theskyfilledwithlittlemoons.11．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardlightingmanagement?A．Balanced. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Conservative.【答案】11．A11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rightnow,it’shardtoknowwhatthatmiddlewaymightlooklike.In50years,everycitycouldbelitbyenvironmentallylow-impactlights,orwemighthavecompletelyforgottenwhatdarknessis—theskyfilledwithlittlemoons.(现在，很难知道“middleway”方法会是什么样子。50年后，每个城市都可以用对环境影响小的灯照亮，或者我们可能已经完全忘记了黑暗是什么——天空中布满了小月亮)”可知，“middleway”有可能是让人们使用对环境影响小的灯照明，也可能让天空挂满了小月亮。由此推知，作者对解决光污染的方法持中立态度。故选A。4.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】...Thelinkbetweenfeedingandsoundsdoesn’tapplytosmallertree-livingprimateslikemonkeys,arguesLameira,becausetheirsizeandtailsmakethemmorestableonbranchesandtheyeatdifferently.“Thisisaninterestingassumptionworthtesting,”saysChrisPetkovatNewcastleUniversity,thoughhequestionssomeaspects.Ashumansaren’ttree-living,theremustbeotherreasonswhyconsonantsremain,whichcouldbetestedbycharacterisingconsonant-likesoundsmoresystematicallyacrossspecies,hesays.15．WhatisChrisPetkov’sattitudetoAdrianoLameira’sassumption?A．Opposed. B．Puzzled. C．Confident. D．Cautious.【答案】15．D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的““Thisisaninterestingassumptionworthtesting,”saysChrisPetkovatNewcastleUniversity,thoughhequestionssomeaspects.Ashumansaren’ttree-living,theremustbeotherreasonswhyconsonantsremain,whichcouldbetestedbycharacterisingconsonant-likesoundsmoresystematicallyacrossspecies,hesays.(“这是一个值得检验的有趣假设，”Newcastle大学的ChrisPetkov说，尽管他对某些方面提出了质疑。他说，由于人类不是在树上生活的，所以辅音保留下来一定有其他原因，这可以通过在不同物种之间更系统地描述类似辅音的声音来验证。)”可知，ChrisPetkov对AdrianoLameira的假设的态度是谨慎的，故选D。【命题点03写作意图题】1.【2022·新高考I卷】Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,“foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,”asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth’scoverstory.It’sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste. B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat. D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.【答案】4.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。2.【2020·全国新高考I山东卷】Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.11．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tointroduceabook. B．Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C．Torememberawriter. D．Torecommendatraveldestination.【答案】11．A【解析】推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。3.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】Duringthesummerof2021,BeverlyWaxhadanexperiencethatfilledherwithawe.Itwasthesightofherson,Justin,dragginga36-kilogramportableairconditionerupstairs.Beverly’scentralairconditioninghadstoppedworkinginthemiddleofa32℃heatwave.Shehadmentionedtohersonandhe’dshownupasasurprise.Asshewatchedhimsweatandstrugglewhilefixingit,shefeltawaveofgratitudeandappreciation.Aweisthatfeelingwegetwhensomethingissovastthatitstopsusinourtracks.Often,itchallengesorexpandsourthinking.Researchshowsthataweexperiencesdecreasestressandincreaseoverallsatisfaction.Itcanalsohelpourrelationships,makingusfeelmoresympatheticandlessgreedy,moresupportedbyandmorelikelytohelpothers.Mostofusassociateawewithsomethingrareandbeautiful:nature,musicoraspiritualexperience.Butpeoplecanbringaboutawe,andnotjustpublicheroes.Often,thisinterpersonalaweisaresponsetolife’sbig,sweepingchanges.Wecanbeawedbyournearestanddearest—thepeoplesittingnexttousonthesofa,orchattingonthephone.Butithappensinsmallermoments,too.JohnBargh,apsychologist,saidhewastrulyawestruckbyhisthen-five-year-olddaughter.Whensheheardanotherchildcrying,shegrabbedhertoy,walkedovertotheboyandhandedittohim.Unfortunately,wecan’tmakesomeoneelsebehaveinawaythat’sawesome.Butwecanprepareourselvestonoticeitwhentheydo—andtakestepstoboosttheemotion’spositiveeffects.4．WhydoesthewritertellBeverly’sstory?A．Toshowsympathyforher. B．Tociteanexampleofawe.C．Toexpressappreciationtoherson. D．Tostartadiscussionaboutawe.【答案】4．B【解析】4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Duringthesummerof2021,BeverlyWaxhadanexperiencethatfilledherwithawe.(在2021年的夏天，贝弗利·瓦克斯经历了一次让她充满敬畏的经历)”及第一段可推断，作者讲述贝弗莉的故事是为了举一个敬畏的例子。故选B。4.【2023届安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】ComputersarecloselylinkedtoeducationtodayandtheInternetcanofferanyhelpyouwant.Butfornow,expertssay,don’tthrowawayyourbooks.ResearchersinSpanandIsraeltookacloselookat54studiescomparingdialandprintreading.Their2018studyinvolvedmorethan171,000readers.“Studentsoftenthinktheylearnmorefromreadingonline.Whentested,though,itturnsoutthattheyactuallyleamedlessthanwhenreadinginprint,”saystheresearcher.Readingisnotnatural,explainsMaryanneWolf,aneuroseientistwhospecializesinhowthebrainreads.Welearntotalkbylisteningtothosearoundus.It’sprettyautomatic.Butlearningtoreadtakesrealwork.It’sbecausethebrainhasnospecialnetworkofcellsjustforreading.Tounderstandtext,thebrainborrowsnetworksthatevolved(进化)todootherthings.Thisissimilartohowyoumightadaptatoolforsomenewuse.Forexample,acoathangerisgreatforputtingyourclothesinthecloset.Butifablueberryrollsundertherefrigerator,youmightstraightenoutthecoathangeranduseittoreachunderthefridgeandpulloutthefruit.You’vetakenatoolmadeforonethingandadapteditforsomethingnew.That’swhatthebraindoeswhenyouread13．WhatisthewritingpurposeofParagraph2?A．Toshowwhatthebraintakestoread.B．Toillustratehowthebrainevolves.C．Tointroduceacoathanger’sfunctions.D．Tooutlinethefeaturesofreading.【答案】113．A【解析】13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Readingisnotnatural,explainsMaryanneWolf,aneuroseientistwhospecializesinhowthebrainreads.Welearntotalkbylisteningtothosearoundus.It’sprettyautomatic.Butlearningtoreadtakesrealwork.It’sbecausethebrainhasnospecialnetworkofcellsjustforreading.”（专门研究大脑如何阅读的神经科学家玛丽安·沃尔夫(MaryanneWolf)解释说，阅读不是自然的。我们通过倾听周围人的声音来学习说话。这是相当自动的。但是学习阅读需要真正的努力。这是因为大脑没有专门用于阅读的细胞网络。）及“Forexample,acoathangerisgreatforputtingyourclothesinthecloset.Butifablueberryrollsundertherefrigerator,youmightstraightenoutthecoathangeranduseittoreachunderthefridgeandpulloutthefruit.You’vetakenatoolmadeforonethingandadapteditforsomethingnew.That’swhatthebraindoeswhenyouread.”（例如，衣架很适合把你的衣服放在壁橱里。但如果蓝莓在冰箱下面滚来滚去，你可以把衣架弄直，用它抵达到冰箱下面，把蓝莓拉出来。你把一个为一件事而设计的工具改造成新的东西。当你阅读时，大脑就是这么做的。）可知，作者通过例举拿衣架到冰箱里取蓝莓的行为，给我们展示大脑阅读的能力也是类似的，即通过阅读，我们可以了解更多的东西。故选A。【命题点04文章出处题和读者对象题】1.【2019·全国I】Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.【答案】31.D【解析】D推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是科技说明文，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本科研杂志上。故选D。2.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】HavingstudiedJohnBerger’sWaysofSeeing,youwillwriteafourimageanalysisessayandinterpretwhatyou“see”whenyoustudythevisualtext.Yourfocusisnotsimplytodescribethevisualtextyou’reanalyzing,buttoexplaintothereaderstheargumentyoubelieveisproposedbythevisualtext.Context:Somevisualtextscanmotivate,persuadeand/orinfluence.Advertisements,politicalcartoons,artorcampaignpostersthatareconcernedwithsocialorpoliticalissuesareexamplesofthiscategoryofvisualtext.Wearesurroundedeverydaybyvisualargumentsorattemptsatpersuasion.Instructions:◆Selectavisualtextthatyoubelievepresentsanargumenttoitsviewers.◆Brieflystudythevisualtextyou’veselectedandunderlinethecentralargumentitsdesignersaretryingtomake.◆Analyzethedesignelementsusedandtheorganizationofthetextinordertodeterminesomeofthedecisionsthedesignerorartisthasmade.◆Usetheprocessof“observation/inference/evaluation”tocheckyouressayanddeterminethetoolsthedesignerorartistisusingtopersuadeyou.Schedule&DueDate:(Allworkisdueatthebeginningofclassonthedateslistedbelow;lateworkwillbedowngraded.)March1st:Selectthreevisualtextsforassignmentconsideration.March20th:Berger-typeddraftsdue/peer-editingworkshop.March22nd:afouressay,freewritewithimage&artsshowdue;Classpresentation(25%ofyourgrade).1．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Anexampaper.C．Acourseassignment. D．Anacademicarticle.【答案】1．C【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段的“HavingstudiedJohnBerger’sWaysofSeeing,youwillwriteafourimageanalysisessayandinterpretwhatyou“see”whenyoustudythevisualtext.Yourfocusisnotsimplytodescribethevisualtextyou’reanalyzing,buttoexplaintothereaderstheargumentyoubelieveisproposedbythevisualtext.(在学习了JohnBerger的WaysofSeeing之后，你将写一篇四页的图像分析文章，并解释当你研究视觉文本时你“看到”了什么。你的重点不是简单地描述你正在分析的视觉文本，而是向读者解释你认为视觉文本提出的论点。)”和Schedule&DueDate:部分的“Allworkisdueatthebeginningofclassonthedateslistedbelow;lateworkwillbedowngraded.(所有作业必须在下列日期上课前交；迟交的作业将被降级。)”可知，这是一篇作业要求，来自于课程作业，故选C。3.【2023届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三下学期三模】ThehugestructuresofancientRomehavesurvivedforthousandsofyears—atestamenttotheabilitiesandwisdomofRomanengineers,whoperfectedtheuseofconcrete.ButhowdidtheirconstructionmaterialshelpkeepgrandbuildingslikethePantheon(万神殿)(whichhastheworld’slargestunreinforceddome)andtheColosseum(斗兽场)standingformorethan2,000years?Romanconcrete,inmanycases,hasproventobelonger-lastingthanmodernconcrete,whichcanworsenwithindecades.Now,scientistsbehindanewstudysaytheyhaveuncoveredthemysteryingredientthatallowedtheRomanstomaketheirconstructionmaterialsodurableandbuildsplendidstructuresinchallengingplacessuchasdocks,sewersandearthquakezones.Thestudyteam,includingresearchersfromtheUnitedStates,ItalyandSwitzerland,analyzed2,000-year-oldconcretesamplesthatweretakenfromacitywallatthearchaeologicalsiteofPrivernum,incentralItaly,andaresimilarincompositiontootherconcretefoundthroughouttheRomanEmpire.Theyfoundthatwhitechunks(块)intheconcrete,referredtoaslimeclasts(石灰碎屑),gavetheconcretetheabilitytohealcracksthatformedovertime.Thewhitechunkspreviouslyhadbeenoverlookedasevidenceofcarelessmixingorpoor-qualityrawmaterial.Thenewfindingcouldhelpmakemanufacturingtoday’sconcretemoresustainable,potentiallyshakingupsocietyastheRomansoncedid.“ConereteallowedtheRomanstohaveanarchitecturalrevolution,”Masicsaid,“Romanswereabletocreateandturnthecitiesintosomethingthatisextraordinaryandbeautifultolivein.Andthatrevolutionbasicallychangedcompletelythewayhumanslive.”11．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthetext?A．Education. B．Travel. C．Science. D．Lifestyle.【答案】11．C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章主要内容“文章讲述了科学家揭开古罗马建筑千年不衰的秘密。”以及关键词“Thestudyteam”和“Thenewfinding”等可以推测出文章出自报纸的科学板块。故选C。4.【2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三下学期5月压轴卷】Tenpercentoftheworld’sspeciesliveintheAmazonRainforest,includingsomeofthemostinterestinganduniquecreaturesonEarth.Notonlythat,butsomeAmazonnativespeciesdirectlybenefithumans.Ifyoulikechocolate,andcoffee,you’vebenefitedfromAmazonianplants.Evenmoreimportantly,theAmazonRainforestkeepsouraircleanandbreathable.Cognizantofitsgreatimpactontheplanet,activistsareworkingtostopdeforestation.Anewalgorithm(算法)thatpredictswhichareasareatmostriskofhabitatdestructiongivesAmazondefendersahandintheirf