语法专题11 there be句型和介词

语法专题11therebe句型和介词一、Therebe句型1.构成Therebe句型表示的是“某处有/存在某人或某物”，其结构为“Therebe(is，are)＋名词＋地点状语”。Thereareforty-twostudentsinourclass.我们班有42名同学。Thereisapencilinmypencil-box.我的铅笔盒里有一支铅笔。2.各种句式(1)否定句：Therebe＋not＋名词＋地点状语。其中not也可以用no表示。即：no＋名词＝nota/an/any＋名词。她的包里有个橘子。Thereisanorangeinherbag.→Thereisnoorangeinherbag.＝Thereisn’tany/anorangeinherbag.树上有几只鸟。Therearesomebirdsinthetree.→Therearenobirdsinthetree.＝Therearen’tanybirdsinthetree.(2)一般疑问句：Bethere＋名词＋地点状语？回答：Yes,therebe./No,therbe＋not.她的手提包里有点钱。Thereissomemoneyinherhandbag.—Isthereanymoneyinherhandbag?—Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.【留意】确定句变为否定句或一般疑问句时，句中的some应改为any。(3)特殊疑问句：①对Therebe结构中名词的数量提问：当对可数名词的量提问时用：Howmany＋可数名词复数＋arethere＋地点状语？当对不行数名词的量提问时用：Howmuch＋不行数名词＋isthere＋地点状语？这条街上有40个商店。Therearefortyshopsonthisstreet.→Howmanyshopsarethereonthisstreet?树上有一只鸟。Thereisabirdinthetree.→Howmanybirdsarethereinthetree?桌子上有一些面包。Thereissomebreadonthetable.→Howmuchbreadisthereonthetable?②对Therebe结构中的名词提问时用：指物：Whatis＋地点状语？指人：Whois＋地点状语？课桌上有很多书。Therearemanybooksonthedesk.→What’sonthedesk?房间里有三个男孩儿。Therearethreeboysintheroom.→Whoisintheroom?3.用法(1)Therebe句型中，be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持全都。Thereisabasketballinthebox.盒子里有一个篮球。Therearemanypeopleinthehall.大厅里有很多人。(2)假如有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持全都，也就是我们常说的“就近原则”。Thereisanappleandsomebananasinthebasket.篮子里有一个苹果和一些香蕉。Therearesomebananasandanappleinthebasket.篮子里有一些香蕉和一个苹果。4.therebe与have的区分(1)therebe句型表示“有”时，侧重于客观，表示“某处有/存在某人或某物”，此时不强调此物归谁全部。(2)have表示“有”时，侧重于主观，表示“某人拥有某物”，此时强调“所属关系”，主语多是人。(3)二者有时可以通用，表示“某物本身拥有……”。Theroomhastendesks.＝Therearetendesksintheclassroom.教室里有十张桌子。学习时需要留意的问题：therebe句型表示有某人或某物。其构成是：Therebe＋人或物＋地点状语(常由介词短语构成).【考向一】therebe句型的主语通常在be之后。假如句子的主语是单数可数名词或不行数名词，be用is；假如句子主语是可数名词复数，be用are。Thereissomemilkinthebottle.瓶子里有些奶。Therearesomepencilsinmypencilbox.我的铅笔盒里有些铅笔。【典例】There________acardontheteacher’sdeskfiveminutesago,butnowitisgone.A.have B.is C.was【答案】C【解析】考查therebe结构，主语是acard，为单数，排解A；由时间状语fiveminutesago可知用一般过去时，故选C。【考向二】therebe的疑问句式要把be提到there前，确定回答为“Yes,thereis/are.”，否定回答为“No,thereisn’t/aren’t.”。留意不要用“Yes,itis/theyare.”或“No,itisn’t/theyaren’t.”来回答。—Arethereanyflowersinyourschool?你们学校里有一些花吗？—Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.是的，有。/不，没有。—Isthereabagonthechair?椅子上有个包吗？—Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.是的，有。/不，没有。【典例】1.—________thereanylivingthingsonotherplanets?—Ihavenoidea.Maybewecanknowmoreaboutthatinthefuture.A.Is B.AreC.Has D.Have【答案】B2.—Isthereawatermelononthetable?—________A.Yes,thereis. B.Yes,itis.C.No,thereis. D.No,itisn’t.【答案】A【解析】本题用语境推断法。Isthere...？是therebe句型的一般疑问句，确定回答用“Yes,thereis.”；否定回答用“No,thereisn’t.”。【考向三】therebe的否定句式是在be后面加not，isnot可缩写为isn’t；arenot可缩写为aren’t。Therearesomegirlsinthephoto.那张照片中有些女孩。Therearen’tanygirlsinthephoto.(否定句)那张照片中没有女孩。【典例】—Weorderedbeefnoodles,but________anybeefinthenoodles.—Putonyourglassesandyoucanseethebeef.A.thereisn’t B.thereisC.therearen’t D.thereare【答案】A【考向四】therebe后跟两个或两个以上主语时，be的数要与离它最近的主语的数保持全都，即“就近原则”。表示场所、方向的介词（1）表示场所的介词：at,in,on,under,by,near,between,around,opposite（2）表示方向的介词：into,outof,along,across,through,up,past①at,inat在某地（表示比较狭窄的场所）atschool上学 athome在家standatthedoor站在门边 atafactory在一家工厂atthebottomof在……下面 attheparty在聚会上attheendof在……末尾 atthetable在桌旁atthestation在火车站 atthecrossroads在十字路口atwork在上班 atthebusstop在公共汽车站►I’llmeethimattheBeijingrailwaystation.我将去北京站接他。in在某地（表示比较宽敞的场所）inBeijing在北京 intheworld在世界上 inthehouse在房子里►Hisbrotherisinprisonandwasarrested2yearsago.他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。►ShewasborninChina.她是在中国诞生的。②on,above,over,under,belowon在……上面，有接触面。onthedesk在桌子上面；onthemap在地图上。on在……靠近……的地方ontheright在右边 onthescreen在屏幕上 ontheriver在河边 onthefarm在农场onthefloor在地板上 ontheisland/beach在岛上/海滨 onthepavement在人行道上above在……上方►Ourplaneflewabovetheclouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。over在……正上方，是under的反义词►ThereisalightoverLiMing.李明的正上方有一盏灯。►Afewbirdswereflyingoverthesea.有几只鸟在海上飞。►under在……下面；在……之内underthetable桌子下面 underthejacket在夹克内►Thedogisunderthetable.这只狗在桌子下面。below在……下方（不肯定是正下方）正下方是under，below是above的反义词。►Therearealotoffishesbelowthesurfaceofthewater.水面下有很多各式各样的鱼。③near,bynear近的，不远的near=notfar，是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。inthenearfuture在不久的将来►Isthereabusstopnearhere?这儿四周有公共汽车站吗？by在……旁边，距离比near要近bythewindow在窗户旁边 byme在我旁边►Theboyisstandingbythewindow.这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。④between,among,aroundbetween在两者之间►MyteacherissittingbetweenTomandMike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。►What’sthedifferencebetweenAandB?A和B之间有什么区分？among在三者或更多的之中►Thereisabeautifulhouseamongthetrees.在树林之中有一间秀丽的房子。►Heisverypopularamongthestudents.他在同学之中很受欢迎（很出名）。around环绕，在……四周，在……四周►Wesataroundthetable.我们在桌子四周坐下来。►Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球围绕太阳转。⑤infrontof，behind，oppositeinfrontof早……的前面；在……的前部►Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.►Thereisabigdeskfortheteacherinthefrontoftheclassroom.在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。behind在……后面behind是infrontof的反义词►Thereisatreebehindmyhouse.我家房子后面有一颗树。►Thereisatreeatthebackofmyhouse.我家房子后面有一棵树。opposite在……对面►Ourschoolisoppositeauniversity,我们学校在一所高校的对面。►Hestoodoppositeme.他站在我对面。⑥in,into,outof,upin在……之内，用于表示静止的位置►Thestudentsareintheclassroom.同学们在教室里。into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go,come,walk,run等。►Thestudentsrunintotheclassroom.同学们跑进教室。►Hejumpedintothewater.他跳入水中。outof和into一样，也表示有肯定的运动方向►Thestudentsrushedoutoftheroom.同学们冲出房间。outof的基本含义：从……到外面，离开；在……范围之外；从（某个数）之中up移动►Thechildrenclimbedupthetree.孩子们爬上了树。⑦along,across,past,throughalong沿着►Iwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenitbegantorain.我正沿着河边闲逛     ，突然下起雨来了。across横过►Ioftenswimacrosstheriver.我常游泳横渡这条河。past经过►Everydayherunspastthecityhall.他每天跑步经过市政府。through贯穿，通过►Thesunshonethroughtheclouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。►Theriverwasthroughthecity.这条河穿过这个城市。⑧to,from,for单词含义例句to到达……地点（目的地）或方向HecametoJapanin1980.他1980年来到日本。from从……地点起leaverfor动身去……startfor动身去……IwillleaveforAmericanextweek.下周我将动身去美国。for表示目的地，＂向……＂for表目的时，一般都是和固定动词搭配。It’sabouttenminutes’walkfromheretothecinema.从这儿到电影院大约需步行格外钟。一、单项选择1．Thereisablackboard_________thewall.A．in B．at C．on D．behind2．Wewanttobuild(建筑)anothernewGreatGreenWall________thenorthernpartofChina.A．among B．acrossC．through D．between3．Iusuallysit________theclassroom,sothatIcanheartheteacherwholikestostand________theclassclearly.A．infrontof;inthefrontof B．inthefrontof;infrontofC．infrontof;infrontof D．inthefrontof;inthefrontof4．Ihaveadictionary.It’s________thecomputerandthewall.A．behind B．betweenC．before D．under5．Lilyissonervousthatshecan’ttalk________theclass.A．behind B．nextto C．infrontof D．beside6．—Excuseme,isthereabanknearhere?

—No,________.ButyoucanfindoneinYangFangRoad.A．thereisn’t B．itisn’t C．thereis7．—What’sonthetable?—________somebreadonit.A．Thereis B．Thereare C．Theyare8．—Look!Ablindmanisinthemiddleofthestreet.It’stoodangerous.

—Let’shelphimgo________thestreet.A．cross B．through C．across9．WhileIamstanding________thewindow,Iseesomeboysrunning________thestreet.A．by;along B．on;at C．in;on D．to;in10．Remembertospendsometime________yourfamily.A．from B．with C．in D．on11．—Guess,howmuchisit?—Ithinkitis________15and20dollars.A．from B．between C．among D．with12．There________twoclothesstoresandapolicestationinourneighborhood.A．is B．has C．are D．have13．Canyouseethebuilding________thebank?A．next B．over C．across D．opposite14．Arivergoes________thevillageandmakesitintotwoparts.A．over B．under C．across D．through15．—Whatcanyousee,Maria?—Icanseeacar________thehouseandaboyissitting________it.A．infrontof;infrontof B．infrontof;inthefrontof C．inthefrontof;infrontof16．Thetwoboyshelpedtheoldmango________thestreetjustnow.A．above B．over C．through D．across17．A:Thereisatree________ofourclassroom.B:Yes,itisbig.Look!Thereisabird________it.A．infront;on B．inthefront;on C．infront;in D．inthefront;in18．Thesupermarketisacross________thepark.A．to B．in C．from D．for19．Walk________thisstreet,andyoucanseeit.A．in B．along C．on D．near20．—WhatdidSnowWhitedo________suchasnowynight?—Shewalked________thedarkforestalone.A．in;through B．in;across C．on;through D．on;along21．Thereisabigtree________thehouse.A．infrontof B．inthefrontof C．on D．to22．Isthereariver________thehouse?A．to B．of C．in D．behind23．There________afootballmatchbetweenArgentinaandSpainnextweek.A．willhave B．has C．have D．willbe24．Itrytogetintotheroom________thewindowbecauseIcan’topenthedoor.A．cross B．thought C．across D．through25．Theyarehavingdinner________thetable________thewindow.A．at;by B．on;near C．at;in D．on;by26．Thereisablackboard_______theclassroom.A．infrontof B．in C．behind D．on27．There’saboat__________theriver.A．on B．in C．between D．behind28．Inordertoseethebeautifulsunrise,Iusuallygoforawalk________theriverinthemorning.A．across B．in C．along D．on29．Ilikewalkingmydog________theparkroadafterdinnereveryday.It’sgoodformyhealth.A．above B．on C．under D．along30．Adogissittinginfront________thehouse.A．on B．of C．to D．in31．IlikethispieceofmusicbecauseIcansing________it.A．alongand B．alongwith C．with D．along32．Mygrandma’spetcatgoes________thewindowandrunsintoherroom.A．across B．through C．over D．in33．Theparkis________yourhome.Youcanwalk________there.A．near;to B．farfrom;/ C．near;/ D．close;to34．There________adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A．was B．isgoingtohave C．willhave D．isgoingtobe35．Thereisabridge________theriver.Becarefulwhenyou________it.A．above;across B．above;cross C．over;across D．over;cross36．Boys,thereisabridge________theriver.Becarefulwhenyougo________it.A．across;over B．cross;over C．over;cross D．over;across37．—________there________anoperashownextweek?—Yes,thereis.A．Will;be B．Will;have C．Is;goingtohave D．Is;goingtobe38．―________there__________a“helpinghands”meetingthisweekend?―Yes,allthevolunteerswillgotoit.A．Is;goingtohave B．Is;haveC．Is;be D．Is;goingtobe39．—WilltherebeanInternationalFilmFestivalinAugust?—Yes,________.A．thereis B．thereare C．therewill D．therewillbe40．Thereisabridge_________theriver.Becarefulwhenyou_________it.A．over,cross B．over,across C．across,over D．cross,over二、完形填空ThamesisthemostimportantriverinGreatBritain.Therearetwenty­-seven41overtheriver.TowerBridgehasstoodovertheRiverThamesinLondonsince1894.Itisoneofthe42bridgesofall.43makesTowerBridgesoamazing(令人惊异的)?Whydosomanyvisitorscomingfrom44theworldgotoseeit?ItisbecauseTowerBridgecanopeninthemiddle.Itdoesthistoletbigshipsgo45tothePoolofLondon.ItistheonlybridgeinLondonthatcanberaisedtoallow46topass.Youare47enoughtoseethebridgewithitstwoopeningarmshighintheair.Youcan48thewonderfulviews(景色)oftheriveronit.49itsnorthsidestandstheTowerofLondon.Theylookveryold,andyoumaythinktheyareofthesameage.However,youare50.Thetowerisalmostonethousandyearsold,butTowerBridgeisonlyaboutonehundredyearsold.41．A．theatres B．parks C．stores D．bridges42．A．mostfamous B．largest C．longest D．highest43．A．When B．How C．What D．Where44．A．allover B．above C．among D．between45．A．along B．over C．out D．through46．A．cars B．ships C．planes D．bikes47．A．famous B．rich C．lucky D．old48．A．enjoy B．like C．take D．discover49．A．In B．On C．At D．Of50．A．right B．clever C．wrong D．serious从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。MynameisJulie.Iamtheonlygirloutof51childreninmyfamily.Ihavethreebrothers.Their52arePeter,JackandJames.Thisyearmyfamily53toanewcityandwerentabigapartment.Iliveathomewithmyparentsandthreebrothers.It’sabighouse54thelake（湖）onahill.Weallhaveourownrooms.Look,theroomwithabigwindowis55.Icanseetrees,birdsandflowersfromthe56.Ilikeourhouseverymuch!Mybrothers57likethehouse.Theycan58footballonthehill.Andit’soneoftheirfavorite59todo.Myparentslikethehouse,too.Therearen’tmanypeople60onthehill.Myparentslikequiet（安静的）andcleanplaces.Wearehappyandhavingagoodtimehere.51．A．two B．three C．four52．A．names B．numbers C．cards53．A．run B．get C．move54．A．in B．on C．near55．A．yours B．mine C．ours56．A．garden B．yard C．window57．A．also B．only C．always58．A．make B．study C．play59．A．subjects B．ways C．things60．A．learning B．living C．walking三、阅读理解AOneday,atiredwoman,MrsBrown,comestoseeherdoctor.Shesays,“Doctor,therearealotofdogsoutsidemyhouse.Theybarkalldayandallnight,soIcan’tgetagoodsleep.Canyouhelpme?“

“Ihavegoodnewsforyou.“saysthedoctor,givinghersamepills(药丸).“Herearesomenewsleepingpillsthatworkverywell.Takeafewoftheseandyourtroublewillbeover.”

“Great.Thankyou.”MrsBrowngoesbackhomewiththepillshappily.

Afewweekslater,thewomancomesagain.Shesays,“Doctor,yourpillsarenotgoodatall.Iamworsethanbefore.”

“Idon’tunderstandhowthatcouldbe.”saysthedoctor,“Thosearethebestpills.”

“Thatmaybetrue,”answersthewoman.“butI’mstillupallnightrunningafterthosedogs.AndwhenIfinallycatchone.It’ssodifficulttogethimtoeatthepills.”61．Mrs.Browngoestoseethedoctorbecause________.A．shewantstokeepalovelydog B．shecan’tfindherdogC．herdogisn’tfine D．shecan’tsleepwell62．Thedoctorsayshehassomegoodnewsbecause________.A．hethinksthesleepingpillswillhelpMrs.BrownB．MrsBrownlooksmuchbetterthanbeforeC．hewilltakeallthedogsawaysoonD．Mrs.Brownbringshimsomenewpills63．Theword“him”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto(指代)“________”.A．thedogthewomancatches B．thewoman’sfriendC．thedoctor D．thewoman’sneighbor64．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．MrsBrownkeepsmanydogsinherhouseB．ThesleepingpillsarenotgoodatallC．Mrs.BrownthinksthepillsareforthedogsD．Mrs.Brownisrunningafterthosedogstodrivethemaway65．AfterhearingMrs,Brown’swords,thedoctormightthink________.A．hispillsarenotsogood B．thedogsarereallydifficulttocatchC．MrsBrownshouldeatmorepills D．Mrs.BrownisveryfoolishBAsayoungchild,Iamquietandshy.AndIamillforalongtime.Myparentshavetowork,somygrandfatherwouldplaywithme.Mygrandfatherdies(去世)whenIam6.Hemakesabeautifulblueandwhiteblanket(毯子)forme.Iloveitverymuchbecauseitmakesmethinkofmygrandfather.

Butafterafewyears,theblanketdoesn’tlookverygood.It’sdirty.Idon’twanttothrowitaway,somymothermakesitintoaschoolbag.Iamproudoftheschoolbag,andIuseiteveryday.Afewyearslater,thebagisbroken.Mymommakesitintoapencil-box.Afterafewmonths,thepencil-boxwasbroken,too.ThenImakethepencil-boxintoasmallwallet.

Myfriendsandfamilysaidtome,“Forgetaboutit,Paul.Youcan’tmakesomethingoutofnothing.”SoIwritedownthestoryofmygrandfather’sblanket.66．InPaul’seyes,hisgrandfathercanbea________person(人).A．quiet B．bad C．kind D．tidy67．Paulwantstomaketheblanketintodifferentthingsbecause________.A．itissoniceB．itmeansalottohimC．hisgrandmothertellshimtodosoD．hismotherwasverygoodatsewing(缝纫)68．Thephrase“amproudof”inthepassagemeans“________”.A．amsurprisedat B．amangrywithC．amreadyto D．amhappyabout69．Fromthestory,wecanknowthat________.A．PaulloveshisgrandfathersomuchB．theblanketcouldbemadeintomanythingsC．afewyearslatertheblanketisstillnewD．Paul’sfriendsandfamilyaskhimtoforgettheoldtimes70．Whichoneisthebesttitleofthispassage?A．ASmallWallet B．MyGrandfatherC．AnUnforgettableBlanket D．MyPastTime参考答案：1．C【详解】句意：墙上面有一个黑板。考查介词辨析。in在……里面；at在；on在……上面；behind在……后面。黑板在墙上面，应用介词on。故选C。2．B【详解】句意：我们想在中国北部再建一座新的绿色长城。考查介词辨析。among在……之中；across表示从表面的一端到另一端；through穿过；between表示位于两者之间，后面常接and。依据“build(建筑)anothernewGreatGreenWall…thenorthernpartofChina.”可知，新建的长城要横跨中国北部，横跨物体的表面用across，故选B。3．B【详解】句意：我通常坐在教室的前面，这样我就能清楚地听到宠爱站在教室前面的老师讲课。考查介词短语辨析。infrontof在……的前面，不在一个空间内；inthefrontof表示在一个空间内的前部。依据“Iusuallysit...theclassroom”可知，在教室内部前面，第一处用inthefrontof。依据“sothatIcanheartheteacherwholikestostand...theclassclearly”可知，宠爱站在教室前面的老师讲课，不是一个空间，用infrontof。故选B。4．B【详解】句意：我有一本字典。它在电脑和墙之间。考查介词辨析。behind在后面；between在……之间；before在前面；under在下面。依据“thecomputerandthewall”可知，此处指在电脑和墙之间，between…and表示“在……和……之间”，故选B。5．C【详解】句意：莉莉紧急得不能在全班同学面前讲话。考查介词短语。behind在……后面；nextto紧邻；infrontof在……前面；beside在……旁边。依据“Lilyissonervousthatshecan’ttalk...theclass”可知她不敢在全班同学面前讲话。故选C。6．A【详解】句意：——打搅一下，这四周有银行吗？——不，没有。但是你可以在杨坊路找到一家。考查therebe句型的一般疑问句。依据“isthere”以及No可知，此处应是否定回答No,thereisn’t，故选A。7．A【详解】句意：——桌子上有什么？——上面有一些面包。考查therebe和不行数名词。依据问句可知是问桌子上有什么，应用therebe句型表示“某地有某物”；主语bread是不行数名词，be动词用is。故选A。8．C【详解】句意：——看！一个盲人在街中心。太危急了。——让我们帮他穿过大路吧。考查介词的用法。cross是动词，穿过；through从内部穿过；across穿过，平面上穿过。依据“go…thestreet”可知，此处指从大路的表面穿过，goacross表示“穿过”。故选C。9．A【详解】句意：当我站在窗户旁边的时候，我看到一些男生正在沿着街道跑步。考查介词辨析。by在……旁边；along沿着；on在……上面；at在某个时刻；in在……里面；to到。依据“thewindow”可知第一个空表示“在窗户边上”；依据“thestreet”可知其次个空表达“沿着街道”。故选A。10．B【详解】句意：记得花点时间和家人在一起。考查介词辨析。from来自；with和；in在……里面；on在……上。依据“spendsometime...yourfamily.”可知是指花费时间和家人一起，应用介词with，故选B。11．B【详解】句意：——猜猜看，它多少钱？——我想价格是在15到20美元之间。考查介词辨析。from来自；between在……之间；among在（三者及以上）中；with和。between…and…意为“在……和……之间”，符合句意，故选B。12．C【详解】句意：我们四周有两家服装店和一个警察局。考查主谓全都。本句是Therebe句型，意为“有”，不与have连用。be动词遵循“就近原则”，twoclothesstores是复数，故用are。故选C。13．D【详解】句意：你能观察银行对面的建筑物吗？考查介词辨析。next下一个；over在……上方；across横过；opposite在……对面。依据“thebuilding...thebank”可知此处指方位关系，D选项符合。故选D。14．D【详解】句意：一条河穿过村子，把它分成了两部分。考查介词辨析。over在……上面；under在……下面；across（从物体表面）穿过；through（从物体内部）穿过。依据“makesitintotwoparts”可知，河流从村子的内部穿过，应用through。故选D。15．B【详解】句意：——玛丽亚，你能看到什么？——我可以看到房子前面有一辆车，一个男孩坐在车的前面。考查介词短语。infrontof表示在某人或某物的前面，指自身以外的前面；inthefrontof表示在某物的内部的前面。依据“Icanseeacar...thehouseandaboyissitting...it.”可知，汽车在房子的前面，用infrontof；男孩在车里的前面，用inthefrontof。故选B。16．D【详解】句意：刚才两个男孩挂念老人过大路。考查介词辨析。above在……上面，与物体表面不接触；over在……上方，与物体表面不接触；through穿过，指从物体内部穿过；across穿过，从物体表面穿过。此处指挂念老人过大路，从大路表面走过，应用across。故选D。17．C【详解】句意：A：我们教室前面有一棵树。B：是的，它很大。看，上面有一只鸟。考查介词短语和介词辨析。infrontof...在（外部）的前面；inthefrontof在（内部）的前面；inthetree表示在树上的东西本身不是树的一部分；onthetree表示在树上的东西本身是树的部分。依据“atree...ofourclassroom”可知，树在教室的外部，排解B/D；且依据“Thereisabird...it”可知，鸟不是树的一部分，故介词用in。故选C。18．C【详解】句意：超市在公园的对面。考查介词辨析。to到；in在……里面；from从；for为了。此处是固定搭配acrossfrom“在……对面”。故选C。19．B【详解】句意：沿着这条街走，你就能看到它。考查介词辨析。in在……里面；along沿着；on在……上面；near靠近。此处指沿着街走，walkalong“沿着……走”，固定短语。故选B。20．C【详解】句意：——白雪公主在这样一个下雪的夜晚做了什么？——她独自穿过黑暗的森林。考查介词辨析。in其后加早中晚，月份，季节，年份等；on其后加星期或具体某一天；through强调内部通过；across强调平面通过。第一空“suchasnowynight”是具体某一天，用on；其次空“thedarkforest”是穿过森林内部，用through。故选C。21．A【详解】句意：房子前面有一棵大树。考查方位介词的用法。infrontof在……前面，指在事物外部的前面；inthefrontof在……前面，指在事物内部的前面；on在……上；to到。结合语境，大树应当是在房子外面的前面。故选A。22．D【详解】句意：房子后面有河吗？考查介词辨析。to到；of属于；in在……里面；behind在……后面。依据“Isthereariver…thehouse”及选项可知，河应是在房子后面。故选D。23．D【详解】句意：下周阿根廷队和西班牙队将进行一场足球赛。考查therebe句型的时态。依据“nextweek”可知用一般将来时，再由“There...afootballmatch”可知此处是Therebe句型的一般将来时，其结构为Therewillbe。故选D。24．D【详解】句意：我试着从窗户进入房间，由于我打不开门。考查词义辨析。cross通过，动词；thought思想，名词；across穿过，介词，指从物体表面穿过；through穿过，介词，指从物体中间穿过。依据“Itrytogetintotheroom”可知，空格处缺少介词，排解选项A和B；又依据“thewindow”可知，是指穿过窗户，所以用介词through，故选D。25．A【详解】句意：他们正在靠窗的桌子旁吃晚饭。考查介词辨析。at在；by在……旁边；near在四周；on在上面；in在里面。atthetable“在桌子旁”；bythewindow“靠窗”。故选A。26．B【详解】句意：教室里有一块黑板。考查介词辨析。infrontof在……前面（整个物体的前面）；in在里面；behind在后面；on在上面。依据“Thereisablackboard...theclassroom.”可知，教室和黑板不是一个整体，此处表示教室里有一块黑板，故选B。27．A【详解】句意：河面上有一条船。考查介词辨析。on在……上面；in在……里面；between在……之间；behind在……后面。由“aboat…theriver”可知，是船在河面上。故选A。28．C【详解】句意：为了看秀丽的日出，我通常会在早上沿着河边闲逛     。考查介词辨析。across穿过；in在里面；along沿着；on在上面。依据“goforawalk...theriver”可知表示……河流闲逛     ，因此是沿着河流闲逛     。故选C。29．D【详解】句意：每天晚饭后我宠爱沿着公园的路遛狗。对我的健康有好处。考查介词辨析。above在……上面；on在……上面；under在……下面；along沿着。依据“theparkroad”可知，此处指“沿着”。故选D。30．B【详解】句意：一只狗正坐在房子前。考查介词短语。介词词组infrontof...表达“在……前面”。故选B。31．B【详解】句意：我宠爱这首音乐由于我能跟着它一起唱。考查介词短语。alongand没有此短语；alongwith与……一起，一道；with和；along一起。依据“Icansing...it.”可知是伴随着音乐，所以是alongwithmusic。故选B。32．B【详解】句意：我奶奶的宠物猫穿过窗户，跑进她的房间。考查介词辨析。across穿过；through穿过；over在上面；in在里面。依据window可知是窗户，因此是从内部穿过，应用through。故选B。33．C【详解】句意：公园在你家四周。你可以步行去那里。考查形容词辨析和介词用法。near在四周；farfrom远离；close接近。依据“Youcanwalk...there.”可知，第一句表示距离不远，排解B选项；其次空后是地点副词there，空前不用to。故选C。34．D【详解】句意：明天晚上动物园有海豚表演。考查therebe句型的一般将来时。依据“tomorrowevening.”可知，句子时态为一般将来时，且本句是therebe句型，一般将来时用therewillbe/thereisgoingtobe。故选D。35．D【详解】句意：这条河上有一座桥。你过桥的时候要当心。考查介词辨析。above在……上面，强调位置高于某物；over在……上面，强调悬空；across穿过，介词；cross穿过，动词。第一空结合语境可知，桥在河上，是悬空的，所以用over更合适；其次空是由when引导的状语从句，此处缺少谓语动词，所以要用cross。故选D。36．D【详解】句意：孩子们，河上有一座桥。你过桥的时候要当心。考查介词辨析。across穿过；over在……之上；cross穿过（动词）。依据“abridge…theriver.”可知桥在河上，第一空填over。goacross“穿过”，固定搭配，故选D。37．D【详解】句意：——下周有歌剧演出吗？——是的，有。考查therebe结构的将来时。依据“nextweek”可知此处是therebe结构的一般将来时therewillbe/therebegoingtobe；依据“Yes,thereis”可知此处结构是thereisgoingtobe。故选D。38．D【详解】句意：——这个周末会有一个“互助会”吗？——是的，全部的志愿者都会去。考查Therebe句型的一般将来时。therebe句型不能和have连用，排解A和B；依据“thisweekend”和“willgo”可知，此句应用一般将来时，结构为begoingtodo。故选D。39．C【详解】句意：——8月份会有国际电影节吗？——是的，会有。考查一般疑问句。依据“Willthere”及Yes可知，此处应回答“Yes,therewill”，故选C。40．A【详解】句意：河上有一座桥。过桥时要当心。考查词义辨析。over在……之上（垂直关系）；across在……之上（不是垂直关系）；cross穿过，动词。依据“abridge…theriver”可知，桥在河上面，是垂直关系，故第一空填over。其次空缺少动词作谓语，故其次空填cross，故选A。41．D42．A43．C44．A45．D46．B47．C48．A49．B50．C【导语】本文介绍了泰晤士河和搭桥的历史和秀丽景色。41．句意：在河上有27座桥。theatres电影院；parks公园；stores商店；bridges桥。依据“overtheriver”和“Itisoneofthe...bridgesofall”可知，河上的应是桥。故选D。42．句意：它是全部的最有名的桥之一。mostfamous最出名的；largest最大的；longest最长的；highest最高的。依据“...makesTowerBridgesoamazing(令人惊异的)?Whydosomanyvisitorscomingfrom...theworldgotoseeit?”可知，很多人来参观，说明是有名的。故选A。43．句意：什么使塔桥如此的迷人？When什么时候；How怎样；What什么；Where哪里。空处在句中作主语，所以用what，其他选项只能作状语。故选C。44．句意：为什么如此多的来自世界各地的游客去看它？allover处处，遍及；above超过；among在……当中；between在……中间。allovertheworld“世界各地”，此处指世界各地的游客。故选A。45．句意：它这样做，让大船穿过并到达伦敦池。along沿着；over在……上；out外面；through穿过。依据“letbigshipsgo...tothePoolofLondon”可知，应是大船穿过桥，到达伦敦池，gothrough“穿过”。故选D。46．句意：它是伦敦唯一的能升起来让船经过的桥。cars小汽车；ships船；planes飞机；bikes自行车。依据“bigshipsgo...thePoolofLondon”可知，是让船经过。故选B。47．句意：假如你足够幸运你就能看到桥张开双臂升到高空中。famous有名的；rich富有的；lucky幸运的；old老的。依据“enoughtoseethebridgewithitstwoopeningarmshighintheair.”可知，能看到这一景色应是幸运的。故选C。48．句意：你可以在它上面观赏河的秀丽的景色。enjoy观赏；like宠爱；take带走；discover发觉。依据“thewonderfulviews(景色)”可知，应是观赏美景。故选A。49．句意：在它的北边坐落着伦敦塔。In在……里；On在……上；At在；Of属于……的。“在某一边”用介词on，此处指在它的北边。故选B。50．句意：然而，你是错的。right正确的；clever聪慧的；wrong错误的；serious严峻的。根“Theylookveryold,andyoumaythinktheyareofthesameage.”和however表示转折可知，此处是说上文认为“它们年龄相同”的想法是错的。故选C。51．C52．A53．C54．C55．B56．C57．A58．C59．C60．B【导语】本文介绍了Julie的家人以及他们的新家。51．句意：我是家里四个孩子中唯一的女孩。two二；three三；four四。依据“Ihavethreebrothers”可知，家里一共四个孩子。故选C。52．句意：他们的名字是Peter，Jack和Js名字；numbers号码；cards卡片。依据“arePeter,JackandJames.”可知，介绍的是他们的名字。故选A。53．句意：今年，我们全家搬到了一个新城市，租