湖南省长沙市师大附中2023-2024学年高一上学期第一次大练习（月考）英语试题

湖南师大附中2023—2024学年度高一第一学期第一次大练习（月考）英语时量：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.WhenwillJim’sbirthdaypartybeheld?A.InJuly.B.InAugust.C.InSeptember.2.WhatisJohnnie’sproblem?A.Hequarreledwithhisbrother.B.Nobodylistenstohim.C.Heisinpoorspirits.3.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Paythebill.B.Makeaphonecall.C.Checktheputer.4.Whendoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthemorning.B.Atnoon.C.Intheafternoon.5.Howmuchdoesthechaircost?A.￡80.B.￡72.C.￡10.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhydidthemangotoParis?A.Tostudythere.B.Tovisitthere.C.Toworkthere.7.Whatrelationisthewomantotheman?A.Hiswife.B.Hiscolleague.C.Hismanager.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8Howdidthemanfindthisplace?A.Hereadaboutitinanewspaper.B.Hesawanadpostedonthewindow.C.HeknewaboutitthroughtheInternet.9.Whatisgoodabouttheapartmentaccordingtothewoman?A.Itisveryaffordable.B.Ithasmanyrooms.C.Itisconvenientlylocated.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Homework.B.Alearningmethod.C.Apetition.11.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Asktheirteacherforhelp.B.Enteramathpetition.C.Finishworktogetherwithher.12.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthewoman’sadviceinthebeginning?A.Fun.B.Worried.C.Surprised.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhatistheonlyproblemofFitzgerald’snewfilmaccordingtotheman?AItisuninteresting.B.Itlacksmusicalperformances.C.It’sonlyaimedatoneagegroup.14.WhatinstrumentdoesFitzgeraldlikebest?A.Theviolin.B.Thepiano.C.Theguitar.15.WhydomanyimportantpeopledislikeFitzgerald?A.Heexpresseshisviewsdirectly.B.Hedoesn’trespectotherpeople.C.Hechangeshismindquiteoften.16.WhatdoesthemanthinkofFitzgerald’spersonality?A.Warm­hearted.B.Outgoing.C.Attractive.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatticketsarestillavailable?A.TheonesforSpiderandRose.B.TheonesforTheWildDuck.CTheonesforTwelfthNight.18.Whywillthebusleaveat3：30?A.Toavoidmissingtheshows.B.TomakeavisittotheArtsCenter.C.Togetenoughtimeforthelongjourney.19.Whatshouldthelistenerspaytosee?A.TheScottishjewelry.B.TheRussianballetexhibition.C.TheSouthAmericanphotographs.20.Whenshouldthelistenersgetbackonthebus?A.By10：10.B.By10：15.C.By10：20.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AArtActivitiesforTeensArt&DesignLabforTeensFriday,3p.m.——5p.m.Startyourweekendoffwithsomeartandinspiration（灵感）!EachFridayweoffernewgalleryadventures,differentmaterials,andtechniquestofeedyourcreativity.Staythewholetimeorstopbytoconnectwithartistsandothercreativeteens.Forages13——18,noregistration(登记)required.Fee:Free.FiveDayCourseMonday,July17——Friday,July21Thisyear'sTeenageArtSchoolexploreshowartistsreacttoaplace,biningtextandpicturestocreatestatementsaboutlife.ArtistproducerSarahYateswillguideyourexplorationofworkingwithpaint.Thisfreecourseisfor14to17yearolds.Whetherartisjustahobbyorsomethingyouarestudying,TeenageArtSchoolwillhelpyoudevelopyourskillsasanartist.ThereisalsoachancetowinBronzeArtsAward.ChinaintheMakingSaturday,June8,10a.m.——3p.m.Whatcanartmakingmaterialstellusaboutthenaturalworld,globaltrade,socialandculturalframeworks,andartists'ideas?Thisseriesofgalleryconversationsandstudioexperiencesimmerse（浸入)participantsinhandsonexplorationwhileexploringthehistoryofamaterialoncesohighlyvaluedinChinathatitwasknownas"whitegold".Materialsprovided;Preregistrationrequired.Fee：$50（members：$30）.ContemporaryGalleryJuly26——August2,4:00p.m.——5:30p.m.JoinusaswecloseoutourTeenArtistAcademywithanexhibitionandadanceperformance.ArtworkscreatedbyyouthinourTeenArtistAcademy,a3weeksummercampwhereteens,ages1417,learnedtoplanpublicartworkswillbeonexhibit.Thiseventisfreeandopentothepublic.1.What'sthepurposeof"FiveDayCourse"?A.Toofferyousomeinspirationforpainting.B.Todevelopyourinterestinpainting.C.Tomakesureyougetanaward.D.Toteachyousomeskillsinart.2.WhatisspecialaboutChinaintheMaking?A.Youhavetopayforit.B.Youcanjoininitwithoutregistration.C.Youcantakepartinitatanytime.D.YoucanlearnaboutChineseartsthere.3.Whicheventwillexhibitartworkscreatedbyteenagers?A.FiveDayCourse. B.ContemporaryGallery.C.ChinaintheMaking. D.Art&DesignLabforTeens.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个适合青少年的几个艺术课程。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据FiveDayCourse中“Thisfreecourseisfor14to17yearolds.Whetherartisjustahobbyorsomethingyouarestudying,TeenageArtSchoolwillhelpyoudevelopyourskillsasanartist.(这个免费课程是为14到17岁的孩子准备的。无论艺术只是一种爱好还是你正在学习的东西，青少年艺术学校都将帮助你发展作为一名艺术家的技能。)”可知，"FiveDayCourse课程的目的是教你一些艺术技巧。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。阅读文章内容，并根据ChinaintheMaking中“Fee：$50（members：$30）.”可知，ChinaintheMaking是一个收费课程，而其它课程都是免费的。由此可知，ChinaintheMaking的特别之处在于其课程是收费的。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据ContemporaryGallery中“ArtworkscreatedbyyouthinourTeenArtistAcademy,a3weeksummercampwhereteens,ages1417,learnedtoplanpublicartworkswillbeonexhibit.(由青少年在我们的青少年艺术家学院创作的艺术品将在3周的夏令营中展出，其中1417岁的青少年学会了如何计划公共艺术品。)可知，ContemporaryGallery.会展览学生创作的作品。故选B。BLastNovember,akindergartenteacher,RobinHughes,readherclassabookaboutsnow.Thestudentslistenedclosely.ButHughesnoticedthatsomechildrenlookedpuzzledbecauseonlyacoupleofkidshadseensnow.Hughesdecidedtocallinafavourtohersister,AmberEstes.“Wouldyoubewillingtoshipasnowmantousifitsnows?”Hughescalled.Esteslaugheditoffandagreed,asHughesalwayssharedsomeunmonideaswithher.Afewdayslater,herneighbourhoodgotnearly10inchesofsnow.So,shewalkedoutintothesnowandbuilt“Lucky”,asmallsnowmanwithblueberryeyes,acarrotnose.Afterabout10daysofrefrigerationandplanning,Luckywasonanearly800mileflightfromKentuckytoFlorida.EstesmailedLuckyinaninsulated(绝缘)containerfilledwithicepacks.“IfLuckyarrivedinonepiece,theplanwasforhimtokeephisname,”Estessaid.“Iftheexperimentfailed,hewouldberenamedPuddles(水坑).”Thatnight,Estesstayeduplatetrackingthepackage.OnJanuary19apostaldriverdeliveredthesnowmantotheschool.Hughescuttheboxopenbeforeshepresentedthesnowmantoherstudents.Tohersurprise,Luckyhadarrivedalmostwhole.“Iwassoexcitedbecausehemadeit,”saidHughes.“Allthechildrenwantedtotouchhim.Theyaskedifheisingtolife.”Eversince,atleasttwiceaday,HughessaidshebringsLuckyoutfromthecafeteriafreezersostudentscantouchthesnowmanandaskquestions.CheersandwowsfilltheroomeverytimeLuckyisbroughtin.Whenhiscoatstartstogetshiny,shetakeshimbacktothefreezer.Thisyear,thingsarenotnormalforkidsintheclassroomorforadults,shesaid.“Thislittlesnowmanhascreatedhappiness.”HughesplanstomeltLuckybeforeEarthDayandwillusethewaterwhileplantingagardenattheschool.4.WhatcausedRobinHughestoaskhersistertomailasnowman?A.Somestudentshatedthehotweather.B.Somestudentshadneverseensnow.C.Somestudentsdidnotbelievethesnowmanwasreal.D.Somestudentshadneverdoneascienceexperiment.5.WhydidEsteslaughwhenHughesaskedhertomailasnowmantoherstudents?A.Shewasusedtohersister’sstrangerequests.B.SheknewitwouldneversnowinKentucky.C.Shethoughthersister’sideawouldbringjoytoherstudents.D.Shehadnotseenhersisterinalongtimeandmissedher.6.WhatcanweinferfromEstes’swordsinParagraph3?A.Esteswashappytohelphersister’sstudents.B.Luckywouldprobablyarriveinonepiece.C.Thestudentsdidnotagreeonanameforthesnowman.D.EsteswasunsureifLuckywouldmeltinthemail.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHughesandEstes?A.Humorous. B.Bored. C.Serious. D.Caring.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.D【解析】【导语】本文是新闻报道。主要讲述了一名幼儿园教师发现一部分学生没有见过真正的雪，于是老师求助自己的姐姐将北方堆的雪人快递到南方，满足学生的愿望，体现了教师浓浓的爱心。【4题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“ButHughesnoticedthatsomechildrenlookedpuzzledbecauseonlyacoupleofkidshadseensnow.”（但是休斯注意到一些孩子看起来很困惑，因为只有几个孩子看到过雪。）可知，部分学生没有见过真正的雪。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。由第二段“Esteslaugheditoffandagreed,asHughesalwayssharedsomeunmonideaswithher.”（埃斯蒂斯一笑置之，表示同意，因为休斯总是和她分享一些不同寻常的想法。）可以推断，Estes对于妹妹的奇怪的要求已经习惯了，“一笑而过”但还是答应了该要求。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。由第三段“IfLuckyarrivedinonepiece,theplanwasforhimtokeephisname,’Estessaid.‘Iftheexperimentfailed,hewouldberenamedPuddles’.”（“如果Lucky安然无恙地到达，计划就是让它保住自己的名字,”埃斯蒂斯说。“如果实验失败，它将被重新命名为水坑”。）可知，Estes不确信雪人Lucky快递到南方的途中会不会融化。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“ButHughesnoticedthatsomechildrenlookedpuzzledbecauseonlyacoupleofkidshadseensnow.”（学生们仔细地听着。但是休斯注意到一些孩子看起来很困惑，因为只有几个孩子看到过雪。），第二段“Hughesdecidedtocallinafavourtohersister,AmberEstes.“Wouldyoubewillingtoshipasnowmantousifitsnows?”Hughescalled.Esteslaugheditoffandagreed,asHughesalwayssharedsomeunmonideaswithher.Afewdayslater,herneighbourhoodgotnearly10inchesofsnow.So,shewalkedoutintothesnowandbuilt“Lucky”,asmallsnowmanwithblueberryeyes,acarrotnose.”（Hughes决定找她姐姐AmberEstes帮忙。“如果下雪的话，你愿意给我们运一个雪人吗?”Hughes打来了。埃斯蒂斯一笑置之，表示同意，因为休斯总是和她分享一些不同寻常的想法。几天后，她家附近积了将近10英寸厚的雪。于是，她走到雪地里，做了一个“幸运儿”，一个长着蓝莓眼睛、胡萝卜鼻子的小雪人。）和第三段“Afterabout10daysofrefrigerationandplanning,Luckywasonanearly800mileflightfromKentuckytoFlorida.”（经过大约10天的冷藏和计划，Lucky从肯塔基州飞往佛罗里达州，飞行了近800英里。）可知，为了让没见过雪的孩子看雪，主人公Hughes姐妹煞费苦心邮寄雪人，说明她们都有着浓浓的爱心。故选D。CPhysicaleducation,orPE,isn’trequiredforallhighschoolstudents.Insomeschools,itisn’tofferedforsomedifferentreasons.Butshouldhighschoolstudentshavephysicaleducation?Theansweriscertainly“yes”.Todaymanypeopledon’tdosports.Butasisknowntoall.doingsportsisveryimportantforanadult.Teachingteenstheimportanceofahealthylifestyleandmakingfitnessplansnowcanhelpteensputexerciseinthefirstplaceasanadult.Highschoolisn’tthateasy.Manystudentsareunderalotofstress.Stresscanbeharmfultoastudent’sstudiesandlife.Doingsportscanhelpthemdealwithstressbetter,helpingthemliveahappierlifeatschool.TheAmericanHeartAssociationsaysthat10millionkidsandteenssufferfromobesity(肥胖).Teensshouldget60minutesofphysicalactivityperdaytocontroltheirweightandtohelptheirbonesgetstronger.Theincreaseinactivitiesthatdon’tgetteenstomovearound,suchasputergames,meansmanyteensdon’tgettheirrequiredexercise.PEclassesactasapublichealthmeasure(措施)toencouragephysicalactivitiesandhelpteenshavehealthyweights.Notdoingsportsincreasesteens’hazardofdevelopingmanydiseases.Anactivelifestyleoffersagoodwayofprotectionfromthesehealthproblems.Asmuchas75percentofhealthcarespendinggoestowardtreatingmedicalconditionsthatcanbepreventedbylifestylechanges,accordingtotheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicine.AccordingtothePresident’sCouncilonFitness,SportsandNutrition(PCFSN),studentswhoperformedfivehoursofphysicalactivitieseachweekimprovedtheiracademic(学业的)performance.Studentsfromprogramswithnophysicalactivity,whousedtheextratimeforclassroomstudy,didnotperformbetteronteststhanthosewhogaveupsomestudytimeinsupportofphysicaleducation.8.AccordingtoParagraph2,whatdoesphysicaleducationinhighschoolmean?A.Makingteensattachimportancetoęxerciselater.B.Removingthestressfacedbyteensatschool.C.Gettingteenstoencourageadultstoexercise.D.Helpingteenslearntomakegoodplans9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hazard”inParagraph5mean?A.Happiness. B.Risk. C.Safety. D.Sadness.10.AccordingtothePCFSN,doingsport.A.meansmakingstudentschoosebetweensportsandstudiesB.helpsstudentsmakegooduseofalltheirtimeC.meansstudentsadjusttotheirstudiesbetterD.helpsstudentsdobetterintheirstudies11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whyhighschoolstudentsshouldreceivephysicaleducation.B.Whysomeschoolsconsiderphysicaleducationimportant.C.Howschoolscanhelpstudentslovedoingsports.D.Howhighschoolstudentscanliveabetterlife.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了为什么高中生应该接受体育教育。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Teachingteenstheimportanceofahealthylifestyleandmakingfitnessplansnowcanhelpteensputexerciseinthefirstplaceasanadult.(现在教导青少年健康生活方式的重要性，制定健身计划，可以帮助青少年成年后，把锻炼放在首位)”可知，根据第二段，高中体育教育意味着让青少年重视以后的锻炼。故选A。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Anactivelifestyleoffersagoodwayofprotectionfromthesehealthproblems.(积极的生活方式是预防这些健康问题的好方法)”可知，如果不运动会增加青少年患多种疾病的风险。因此hazard意思是：危险，风险。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Studentsfromprogramswithnophysicalactivity,whousedtheextratimeforclassroomstudy,didnotperformbetteronteststhanthosewhogaveupsomestudytimeinsupportofphysicaleducation.（不参加体育活动的学生，把额外的时间用于课堂学习，在考试中的表现并不比那些为了支持体育而放弃一些学习时间的学生好。）”可推断出，PCFSN认为，做运动帮助学生在学习上做得更好。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。第一段“Butshouldhighschoolstudentshavephysicaleducation?Theansweriscertainly“yes”.（但是中学生应该接受体育教育吗?答案当然是肯定的）”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了为什么高中生应该接受体育教育。故选A。DIncontrasttotheoften­heardviewsthatrobotswillreplace(替换)humanworkers,researchfirmGartnerpredictsthatartificialintelligence(AI)mayactuallycreatemorejobsthanit’sexpectedtotakeaway.By2020,artificialintelligencehascreated2.3millionjobs,goingbeyondthe1.8millionthatithasreplaced,thepanysaidinarecentreport.Inthefollowingfiveyearsto2025,net(净得的)newjobscreatedinrelationtoAIwillreach2million,accordingtothereport.Thenumberofjobsaffectedwillbedifferentfromindustrytoindustry.Thepublicsector,healthcareandeducationareexpectedtogetthemostjobs,whilemanufacturingandtransportationmaybehitthehardest,saidGartner’sresearchdirector,ManjunathBhat.“Robotsarenotheretotakeawayourjobs,they’reheretogiveusapromotion—Ithinkthat’sthewayweshouldstartlookingatAI,”BhattoldreportersonTuesday.Gartner’spositivepredictionscontrastwiththewarningsonthedangersofAIsoundedbytoptechnologyindustryvoicessuchasKai­FuLee,thefounderofventurecapitalfirmSinovationVentures.Hesaidrobotsarelikelytoreplace50per­centofalljobsinthenextdecade.GartneradmittedinitsreportthatAIwouldcutmillionsofmiddle­andlow­levelpositions.Butitstressedthatmorenewjobswouldbecreated,includinghighly­skilledjobs,managementpositionsandevenlow­skilledjobs.“ITleadersshouldnotonlyfocusontheexpectedincreaseofjobs,”thereportsaid.“Forthegreatestvalue,focusonimprovingpeoplewithAI.Enrichpeople’sjobs,reimagineoldtasksandcreatenewindustries.ChangeyourculturetomakeitrapidlyadaptabletoAI­relatedopportunitiesorthreats.”12.WhatdoesGartnerthinkofAI?A.Humanworkerswillbeoutofwork. B.AIwillcreatemorejobsthanitcuts.C.AIwillrunoutofhumancontrol. D.Newindustrieswillreplaceoldones.13.WhowillprobablysufferjoblossaccordingtoGartner?A.Teachers. B.Dentists. C.Busdrivers. D.Socialworkers.14.What’sKai­FuLee’sattitudetowardsAIdevelopment?A.Uncertain. B.Hopeful. C.Worried. D.Confused.15.WhatdoesGartnersuggestITleadersdointhefuture?A.Makeuseofnewindustryopportunities.B.Equippeoplewithtrainingprograms.C.Stopoldbusinessandturntothenewone.D.WeleAIandadapttothechallenge.【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Gartner研究公司认为，与未来人工智能取代的工作机会相比，它可能会创造更多的工作机会。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Incontrasttotheoften­heardviewsthatrobotswillreplace(替换)humanworkers,researchfirmGartnerpredictsthatartificialintelligence(AI)mayactuallycreatemorejobsthanit’sexpectedtotakeaway.(与经常听到的机器人将取代人类工人的观点相反，研究公司Gartner预测，人工智能创造的就业机会实际上可能会超过它所可能取代的就业机会。)”可知，Gartner认为人工智能创造的就业机会将多于减少的就业机会。故选B项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thepublicsector,healthcareandeducationareexpectedtogetthemostjobs,whilemanufacturingandtransportationmaybehitthehardest,saidGartner’sresearchdirector,ManjunathBhat.(Gartner的研究主管ManjunathBhat说，公共部门、医疗保健和教育预计将获得最多的就业机会，而制造业和运输业可能受到的打击最大。)”可知，公交车司机属于运输业，可能会失业。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Gartner’spositivepredictionscontrastwiththewarningsonthedangersofAIsoundedbytoptechnologyindustryvoicessuchasKai­FuLee,thefounderofventurecapitalfirmSinovationVentures.Hesaidrobotsarelikelytoreplace50per­centofalljobsinthenextdecade.(高德纳的乐观预测与风险投资公司创新创投(innovationVentures)创始人李开复等科技行业顶级人士对人工智能危险发出的警告形成鲜明对比。他说，未来十年，机器人可能会取代50%的工作。)”可知，李开复对人工智能发展表示担心。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Forthegreatestvalue,focusonimprovingpeoplewithAI.Enrichpeople’sjobs,reimagineoldtasksandcreatenewindustries.ChangeyourculturetomakeitrapidlyadaptabletoAI­relatedopportunitiesorthreats.(为了实现最大价值，专注于用人工智能改善人们。丰富人们的工作，重新构想旧任务，创造新产业。改变你的文化，使其快速适应与人工智能相关的机会或威胁。)”可知，Gartner建议IT领导者在未来欢迎人工智能并适应挑战。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoShowRespectWhetheryou’retalkingtoyourbestfriendorastranger,respectingthemshowsthatyou’rekindandconsiderate.Herearesomeeasywaystoshowrespectinyourlife.Listentoothers.Practiceactivelisteningtoshowyourespectothers.___16___Nodyourheadandaskfollowupquestionstostayfocusedintheconversation.Evenifyoudisagree,trytoconsiderthepointofviewbeforeresponding.Confirm(肯定)people’sopinions.Whenyou’retalkingtosomeone,confirmtheiropinionsinyourownwords.Youcanalsomentiontheirachievementstoletthemknowyouseehowhardthey’veworked.Youcouldsaysomethinglike,“Whatyoujustsaidwasreallycool.___17___”Or,“Icantellyou’veworkedsuperhardtogetyourbusinessofftheground.”Apologizewhenyou’reinthewrong.Itshowsagreatdealofmaturity(成熟).Ifyoumessup,asimple“I’msorry”goesalongway.Trynottomakeexcusesforyourself.___18___Forexample,ifyouforgotadeadline,youcouldsay,“I’mreallysorry.I’llbesettingreminderssothisdoesn’thappenagain.”___19___Sticktoyourword.Ifyoumit(承诺)toaneventormakeplanswithsomeone,ethroughonyourendofthedeal.Beingreliableshowsrespectforpeople’stime.Haveyourmaterialsinorderandpleteallthenecessaryworkaheadoftime.___20___Itcanbetoughatfirst,butit’sbettertobehonest.A.Dowhatyousayyou’lldo.B.Justsaynoifyoucan’tmit.C.Waittotalkinsteadofmerelylistening.D.Icantellyou’vethoughtalotaboutthistopic.E.Watchandbequietwhensomeoneelseistalking.F.Excusesareuselessifyouwanttocorrectyourmistakes.G.Itmightalsobehelpfultohaveaplantoavoidsuchmistakesagain.【答案】16.E17.D18.G19.A20.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。无论你是和你最好的朋友还是陌生人说话，尊重他们都能显示出你的善良和体贴。文章介绍了一些在生活中表达尊重的简单方法。【16题详解】根据上文“Practiceactivelisteningtoshowyourespectothers.(练习积极倾听，表现出你对他人的尊重)”以及后文“Nodyourheadandaskfollowupquestionstostayfocusedintheconversation.(点头并问一些后续问题以保持谈话的专注)”可知，上文提到了积极倾听，可知本句是在承接上文说明如何积极倾听和尊重他人，故E选项“当别人说话时，注意观察并保持安静”符合语境，故选E。【17题详解】根据上文“Whenyou’retalkingtosomeone,confirmtheiropinionsinyourownwords.Youcanalsomentiontheirachievementstoletthemknowyouseehowhardthey’veworked.Youcouldsaysomethinglike,“Whatyoujustsaidwasreallycool.(当你和别人说话的时候，用你自己的话来证实他们的观点。你也可以提到他们的成就，让他们知道你看到了他们的努力。你可以这样说，“你刚才说的真的很酷)”以及后文“Or,“Icantellyou’veworkedsuperhardtogetyourbusinessofftheground.”(或者，“我看得出来，你非常努力地让你的生意起步。”)”可知，本句是对上文举例的补充，即说话来证实对方的努力。故D选项“我知道你对这个话题想了很多”符合语境，故选D。【18题详解】根据后文“Forexample,ifyouforgotadeadline,youcouldsay,“I’mreallysorry.I’llbesettingreminderssothisdoesn’thappenagain.”(例如，如果你忘记了截止日期，你可以说：“我真的很抱歉。我会设置提醒，这样就不会再发生这种事了。”)”可知，后文的例子表明可以通过采取措施来避免犯错。故G选项“制定一个计划来避免类似的错误也会有所帮助”符合语境，故选G。【19题详解】根据后文“Sticktoyourword.Ifyoumit(承诺)toaneventormakeplanswithsomeone,ethroughonyourendofthedeal.Beingreliableshowsrespectforpeople’stime.Haveyourmaterialsinorderandpleteallthenecessaryworkaheadoftime.(遵守你的诺言。如果你承诺了一件事或和某人有计划，那就完成你的交易。可靠是对他人时间的尊重。把你的材料整理好，提前完成所有必要的工作)”可知，本段的主旨主要是遵守承诺，即说到做到。故A选项“说到做到”符合语境，故选A。【20题详解】根据后文“Itcanbetoughatfirst,butit’sbettertobehonest.(一开始可能会很艰难，但最好是诚实)”可知，后文提到了一开始很艰难，说明本句是在说明导致艰难的情况。故B选项“如果你不能承诺，就说不”符合语境，故选B。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Weliveinaworldincreasinglycontrolledbyscience.Sinceelementaryschool,Ihavealways____21____subjectslikescienceandmath.Tome,thesesubjects,fullofdiscoveriesand____22____,seemtoplaymoreimportantroleinhumanprogressthanhumanities(人文学科).AndIalways____23____thoughtofthesesubjectsasmorereliableandseriousthanclasseslikeEnglish.Iftherewasnoright____24____,Ithought,whybother?ButrecentlyIhadan____25____thattaughtmemyinterestsinlearningaremoreflexiblethanIhadthought:Itookmyfirstphilosophy(哲学)class.BeforeIenteredtheclassroom,Iwas____26____.Iwaitedoutsidewiththeotherstudentsandwonderedwhatexactlyphilosophywouldinvolve.I____27____gettingintoprettylongandboringconversationsintendedtoreflectonthemeaningoflife.ButwhatIgotwassomethingquite____28____.Ayoungmaninjeans,Mr.Jones“butyoucancallmeRob”wasfarfromthewhite­haired,buttoned­upoldmanIhad____29____.Ratherthanpullingusintoboringargumentsaboutdifficult­to­understandphilosophicalpoints,Rob_____30_____usonourlevel.Totalkfreewill,welookedatourownchallenges.Totalkmorals(道德),wereviewedthe_____31_____wehadmade.Bytheendofclass,I’ddiscoveredthatquestionswithnorightanswercanturnouttobethemost_____32_____ones.It_____33_____methatifIletgoofmyprejudice(偏见),IcanactuallygetalotoutofthesubjectsIonce_____34_____.Theclasstaughtme—inmorewaysthanone—tolookatthingswitha(n)_____35_____mind.21.A.chosen B.evaluated C.preferred D.avoided22.A.numbers B.puzzles C.challenges D.advances23.A.naturally B.hardly C.accurately D.impatiently24.A.reason B.answer C.method D.direction25.A.idea B.experience C.incident D.accident26.A.hopeful B.confident C.doubtful D.nervous27.A.tried B.remembered C.enjoyed D.imagined28.A.unique B.mon C.different D.strange29.A.mentioned B.expected C.met D.missed30.A.municatedwith B.agreedwith C.checkedon D.dependedon31.A.suggestions B.arrangements C.choices D.promises32.A.difficult B.effective C.discouraging D.attractive33.A.confused B.hit C.warned D.worried34.A.didwellin B.lookedforwardto C.spokehighlyof D.thoughtlittleof35.A.open B.strong C.sharp D.ready【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.B25.B26.C27.D28.C29.B30.A31.C32.D33.B34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者本来并不喜欢人文学科，但是一次哲学课却改变了作者的想法。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从小学开始，我就一直喜欢科学和数学这样的科目。A.chosen选择；B.evaluated评价；C.preferred更喜欢；D.avoided避免。根据下文“Tome,thesesubjects,fullofdiscoveriesand____2____,seemtoplaymoreimportantroleinhumanprogressthanhumanities(人文学科).”可知，作者从小就更喜欢科学和数学这样的学科。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，这些充满发现和进步的学科，似乎比人文学科在人类进步中发挥着更重要的作用。A.numbers数字；B.puzzles谜团；C.challenges挑战；D.advances进步。根据下文“seemtoplaymoreimportantroleinhumanprogressthanhumanities”可知，作者认为科学学科充满了发现和进步，所以在人类进步中发挥着更重要的作用。故选D。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我总是很自然地认为这些科目比英语之类的课程更可靠、更严肃。A.naturally自然而然地；B.hardly几乎不；C.accurately准确地；D.impatiently不耐烦地。根据空前的“always”以及上下文内容可知，作者总认为科学学科更可靠，更严肃。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有正确答案，我想，为什么还要麻烦呢？A.reason理由；B.answer答案；C.method方法；D.direction方向。空处为原词重现，根据下文“Bytheendofclass,I’ddiscoveredthatquestionswithnorightanswercanturnouttobethemost____12____ones.”可知，作者认为人文学科没有正确的答案。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但最近有一件事告诉我，我对学习的兴趣比我想象的要灵活得多：我第一次上哲学课。A.idea想法；B.experience经历；C.incident事件；D.accident事故。根据下文内容可知，下文讲述的是作者最近上哲学课的经历。故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我走进教室之前，我很怀疑。A.hopeful有希望的；B.confident自信的；C.doubtful怀疑的；D.nervous紧张的。根据下文“Iwaitedoutsidewiththeotherstudentsandwonderedwhatexactlyphilosophywouldinvolve.I____7____gettingintoprettylongandboringconversationsintendedtoreflectonthemeaningoflife.”可知，下文讲述的是作者在进教室之前的疑虑。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想象着进行冗长而无聊的对话，旨在反思生命的意义。A.tried尝试；B.remembered记住；C.enjoyed享受；D.imagined想象。根据上文“Iwaitedoutsidewiththeotherstudentsandwonderedwhatexactlyphilosophywouldinvolve.”以及空后“gettingintoprettylongandboringconversationsintendedtoreflectonthemeaningoflife”可知，空后内容都是作者想出来的场景。故选D。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我得到的却是完全不同的东西。A.unique独特的；B.mon常见的；C.different不同的；D.strange奇怪的。根据上文“ButrecentlyIhadan____5____thattaughtmemyinterestsinlearningaremoreflexiblethanIhadthought:Itookmyfirstphilosophy(哲学)class.”可知，作者实际体验的哲学课和想象中的是不一样的。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jones是一个穿着牛仔裤的年轻人——“但你可以叫我Rob”——他远不是我想象中的那个白发、衣冠楚楚的老人。A.mentioned提及；B.expected期待；C.met遇到；D.missed错过。根据上文“ButwhatIgotwassomethingquite____8____.”以及“Iwaitedoutsidewiththeotherstudentsandwonderedwhatexactlyphilosophywouldinvolve.”可知，哲学老师和作者本以为的样子不一样。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Rob没有把我们拉进关于难以理解的哲学观点的无聊争论中，而是在我们的层面上与我们交流。A.municatedwith与……交流；B.agreedwith同意；C.checkedon检查；D.dependedon依赖。根据下文“Totalkfreewill,welookedatourownchallenges.”可知，空处指的是Rob和“我们”进行交流。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了谈论道德，我们回顾了我们所做的选择。A.suggestions建议；B.arrangements安排；C.choices选择；D.promises承诺。根据上文“Totalkfreewill,welookedatourownchallenges.”可知，这位哲学老师是用实例谈论哲学，由此可推断，作者他们是通过反省曾经做的选择来谈论道德。故选C。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在课程结束时，我发现没有正确答案的问题反而是最吸引人的问题。A.difficult困难的；B.effective有效的；C.discouraging令人沮丧的；D.attractive有吸引力的。根据上文“ButrecentlyIhadan____5____thattaughtmemyinterestsinlearningaremoreflexiblethanIhadthought:Itookmyfirstphilosophy(哲学)class.”可推断，这次哲学课改变了作者的想法，也就是说，作者觉得没有正确答案的问题也是有吸引力的。故选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：A.我突然意识到，如果我放下偏见，我实际上可以从我曾经轻视的科目中得到很多东西。confuse