山东省威海市高三下学期二模试题英语

2024年威海市高考模拟考试英语本试卷共10页。满分120分。考试用时100分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、座号、考生号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ADiscoversomeofthetreasuresofSouthAustraliabeforeyoustartanunforgettablecruise（乘船游览）alongthefantasticMurrayRiverYouradventurebeginsinAdelaide,oneoftheworld’smostliveahlecities.AfulldaytourtakesyoutoSouthAustralia’swineregion,whereyou’llsamplesomeoftheBarossaValley’sfinestwines.You’llthentakeaboattoKangarooIsland,offeringnaturebasedactivities,andencounterswithkoalas,birds,andkangaroos.You’llthengoaboardthePSMurrayPrincess,aremarkableshipwhichwasbuiltspecificallyfortheMurrayRiver,foranunforgettablethreenightcruisealongthebeautifulMurrayRiver,highlightsincludingriverbirdlife,naturewalks,anddeliciousregionalflavours.YourholidayincludesRiverCruise·3nightMurrayRivercruiseonboardPSMurrayPrincesswithall·mealsandsightseeing·ExtendyourCruise!7nightbacktobackMurrayPrincesssailingsplusFREEMoartoZoovisitfrom$1799perperson,twinshareHotelStays·3nightfourstarhotelstayinAdelaidewithbreakfast·1nightfourstarhotelstayinKangarooIslandwithbreakfastandlunchFullyEscorted（全程陪同）Tours·FulldayBarossaValleytourwithlunchandwinetastings·2dayKangarooIslandtourAllflights,taxesandtransfersDepartureInsideTwinFromOutsideTwinFromStateroom（特等舱）From19Feb2024$3,199ppSOLDOUT$4,199pp27May2024$3,299pp$3,699ppSOLDOUT5Aug2024$2,999pp$3;499pp$4,199pp30Sep2024SOLDOUT$3,999ppSOLDOUT6Jan2025$3,299pp$3,799pp$4,499pp24Feb2025$3,499pp$3,999pp$4,699pp1．WhatisthehighlightoftheBarossaValleytour.A．Winetastings. B．Regionalcuisines.C．Riverbirdlife. D．Naturallandscape.2．WhatisincludedintheupgradedRiverCruisepackage?A．FreeMoartoZoovisit. B．Fullyescortedservice.C．3nightMurrayPrincesssallings. D．Fourstaracmodation.3．Whichdeparturedatehasthelowestpriceforanoutsidetwincabin?A．27May2024． B．5Aug2024.C．6Jan2025． D．24Feb2025.BAsachild,Iwaskeenoncollectingmoths（飞蛾）andbutterflies.Byadulthood,Icouldidentifyabout700speciesbysight,recognizingthestripes,dotsandcolorsontheirwingsandbodies.In1972,ImovedtoAustraliaandcontinuedcollecting.ButIstartedtostruggle:identifyingthemquicklybecameanimpossibletask.Thespeciesthereweresodifferentfromthoseathome,andtherewasnospaceinmymindtorecognizethemall.Mycrisissoonincreased.Throughoutthe1970s,IledexpeditionstoPapuaNewGuineatocollectmoths.Onenight,wecouldcollectmorethantwiceasmanyasthoseIhadmemorizedinmychildhood.Identifyingthemfeltoverwhelming.Igaveupandstoppedworkingonmoths.Butmyinstincttoidentifythemneverwentaway.Twodecadeslater,Iwasinasupermarketandanideastartedtodevelopinmymind:whatifapartofDNAcouldbeusedtodifferentiatebetweenspeciesJust13lineson.thesupermarketbarcodes（条形码）werebeingusedtoidentifyproductsWhatifwecouldidentifyspeciesinthesameway?Totesttheidea,Ibegancollectingthemothsagain.Eachsamplehadtodonatealegtoscience.IbelievedthatCOI（asinglesegmentofarapidlyevolvinggene）presentinalmostallanimalscouldbeusedtotellspecies.Withtheirlegs,weusedthePCRmethodtofocusinontheirsectionofCOI.Onebyone,itbecameclear:everysinglemothcouldbesortedusingatinysliceoftheirgenome（基因组）DNAbarcodingwas100%successfulonitsfirsttest.Inourstudypaper,weclaimedthatwehaddiscoveredareliable,inexpensiveandaccessiblesolutiontoidentifyingthemillionsofanimalspecieswaitingtobediscovered.IbelieveDNAbarcodingishumanity’sfirstshotatfinallydiscoveringalllifeonEarth.Thistechniquehashelpedconservationiststofightagainstwildlifecrimeandmonitortheimpactofminingonbıodiversity.Oneday,IamconfidentitwillformpartofasystemtomonitorthebiospheretheSamewaywemonitortheweather.4．Howdidtheauthorrecognizemothspeciesinhischildhood?A．Byturningtobooks.B．Byusinglabequipment.C．Byobseivingtheirbehavior.D．Bydistinguishingtheirappearance.5．Whatdoestheunderlined“Mycrisis”inparagraph3referto?A．Thelossofinterestinstudyingmoths.B．Theimpossibilityofrecognizingmoths.C．Thepressureofdiscoveringnewmothspecies.D．Thechallengeofcollectingasmanymothsamples.6．WhatinspiredtheauthortouseDNAforspeciesidentification?A．TheeaseofusingPCRtofocusonCOI.B．Thesimplicityofsupermarketbarcodes.C．ThesuccessofDNAbarcodingonmoths.D．TheavailabilityofCOIinalmostallanimals.7．WhatmightDNAbarcodingbeusedforinthefutureaccordingtothetext?A．Protectingwildlifehabitats.B．Trackingwildlifepopulation.C．Assistinginmonitoringbiodiversity.D．Updatingweathermonitoringsystems.CSomepeoplemaybepickyeaters,butasaspecieswearenot.Birds,bugsandwhales,we’lleatthemall.Yetourrelianceonwildanimalsgoesfarbeyondjustfeedingourselves.Fromagriculturalfeedtomedicinetothepettrade,modernsocietyexploitswildanimalsinawaythatbeatseventhemostaggressivewildpredator（捕食者）.Now,forthefirsttime,researchershavetriedtocapturethefullpictureofhowweusewildlife,includinghowmany,andforwhatpurposes.Theresearchshowcasesjusthowbroadourinfluenceonwildanimalsis.Inthestudy,researchershavefoundthathumanskill,collectorotherwiseuseabout15,000species.That’supto300timesmorethanthenexttoppredatorinanyecosystem.YetaccordingtoChrisDarimont,acoauthorofthestudy,thebiggestshockisn’thowmanyspeciesweaffectbutwhywetakethem.“Theresult,”hesays,“isthatweremove,oressentiallypreyon,morespeciesofanimalsfornonfoodreasonsthanforfoodreasons.”Andthebiggestnonfooduseisaspetsandpetfood.“That’swherethingshavegoneofftherails（轨道）,”hesays.Theproblemisespeciallyseriousfortropicalbirds.Thehelmetedhornbill,forexample,iscapturedmainlyforthepetrade,orforitsbeaktobeusedasmedicineortobecarvedlikeivory.Theirdisappearancelimitsseeddispersalandthespreadoftreesaroundtheforest.Anotherbigdifferencebetweenhumans’influenceonwildanimalsandthatofotherpredatorsisthatwetendtofavorrareandexotic（外来的）speciesinawayotheranimalsdonot.Mostpredatorstargetmonspecies,sincetheyareeasiertofindandcatch.Humans,nowever,tendtocovetthenovel.“Themorerareitis,”sayscientists,“themorethatdrivesuptheprice,andthereforeitmaygointoextinction.”Ifwewantwildspeciestosurvive,weneedtoreestablishourrelationshipwiththem,perhapsfrompredatortocaretaker8．Whatroledohumansplayintheirpresentrelationshipwithwildlifeaccordingtotheauthor?A．Pickypredators. D．Protectorsofbiodiversity.C．Greedypredators. D．Caretakersoftheenvironment.9．WhatshockedscientistsmostaccordingtoChrisDarimont?A．Morespecieshuntedfornonfooduse.B．Theimpactofpetindustriesonwildlife.C．Thenumberofspeciesaffectedbyhumans.D．Theconsequencescausedbyspeciesextinction.10．Whichcanbestexplaintheunderlined“coverthenovel”inparagraph4?A．Longforhugeprofits.B．Favordomesticspecies.C．Takeinterestinpettrade.D．Seekafternewanduniquethings.11．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Topromotestricterrulesforhunting.B．Toadvocateecofriendlypetchoices.C．Torevealhowhumansaffectbiodiversity.D．Tohighlighttheneedforwildlifeconservation.DHowmuchwaterdoestheaverageadultneedtodrinkeveryday?“Eight8ounceglasses”ismonadvice,butanytrulyseriousanswertothehowmuchquestionwillbeginwithsomeversionofitdepends.”ResearchershavelongknownthataregioncalledSFOinthebrainmonitorstheconcentration（浓度）ofwaterandsaltsinbloodandtriggerstheurgetodrink.Buttheyfailedtofullyexplainhowweexperiencethirst.Forexample,whenwegulpadrink,wefeelalmostinstantlysatisfied,andyetittakes10to15minutesforaliquidtoenterourbloodstream.Recentlyneuroscientistshavegainedotherremarkableinsightsintohowthirstismonitoredinthebodyandcontrolledinthebrain.Inaseriesofelegantexperimentswithmice,Zimmerman,aneuroscientist,andhisassociatesmeasuredtheactivityofneurons（神经元）intheSFO.“Wesawthattheiractivitychangedveryfastwhenthemousedrankwaterordranksaltwaterandwhenitatefood,”hesays.TheresearchersshowedthatsignalsgatheredattheSFOfromseveralplaces.“Yougetasignalfromthebloodthattellsyourcurrentstateofhydration（水平衡）,asignalfromthemouththattellsyouhowmuchfluidyoudrank,andasignalfromthegutthattellsyouwhatwasconsumed—wasit.water,wasitsomethingelse?”TheSFOneurons,heexplains,“addthesesignalstogether”andthentransmittheurgetodrinkorstopdrinking.ThebigtakeawayofZimmerman’sworkisthatforthemostpartyoucantrustyourthirstsystemtotellyouwhenyouneedtodrink.Butthereareexceptions.Becausethesystem’ssensitivitymaydeclinewithage.Peoplewithcertainhealthconditions,includingkidneystonesanddiarrhea,alsoneedextrawater.Otherpartsofthebrain—theonesusedinplanning—shouldhelpwithhydrationonhotdaysandwhenexercising.Thirstyornot,Zimmermansays,hedrinkswaterbeforegoingforarun:“Mythirstneuronsdon’tknowI’mabouttorun10miles.”12．Whathaslongbeenknownaboutthirst?A．Thirstexperiencevariesamongindividuals.BThirstiscontrolledbythewatersaltbalanceinblood.C．Thirstsatisfactionoccurswithwaterenteringbloodstream.D．Thirstresponseisinfluencedbythetypeofliquidconsumed.13．What’sthemainideaofparagraph3?A．Whywefeelthirst.B．WhereSFOgetssignals.C．Howweexperiencethirst.D．WhenSFOneuronsgetactive.14．What’sthemajorconclusionfromZimmerman’sstudy?A．Thirstsystemisgenerallyreliable.B．Illnessmightaffectthirstsensation.C．Brainareasforplanningaidinhydration.D．Brainadjuststoagerelatedthirstsensitivity.15．Whatmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．DrinkYourWaytoHealthB．ApplicationoftheThirstMechanismsC．MisunderstandingofDailyWaterIntakeD．BodyDetectsDailyWaterNeedsCleverly第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theharshwintersandmoderncitiescanmakelifetoughforawildanimal,especiallywhentheygetlostandareoutsidetheirnaturalhabitatfortoolong.Animalsheltersarecrowdedwithanimalsindesperateneedofhelp,especiallyduringthewinterseason.16Oneday,amanfoundasmallowl（猫头鹰）thatwassoakingwetandappearedtobestruggling.Hebroughtitintoalocalshelter.17Thelittleowlwasunabletofly,notbecauseofaninjury,butbecauseitwastoofat.Theowlweighed245grams,whichwas33%morethantheupperlimitofwhatanowlthatsizeshouldweigh.Thereasonfortheweightgainwasquitenatural.Theowlwaseatingtoomuch.Thewinterhadbeenunusuallywarm,andasaresult,theareahadahigherthannormalpopulationofmice.18Soitgotcarriedaway.Theshelterstaffputtheowlonasystematicplanofdietandexercise,anditstartedtoloseweightquickly.Aftersometime,theowlwasbacktoitsnormalhealthandwasreleasedbackintothewild.Thequestionofwhetherthisobesityissueisastrangeresultofclimatechangeorjustacoincidence（巧合）isdifficulttosay.19Wildanimalsarenotusedtolivinginmoderncities,andtheyoftenstruggletosurvive.Luckily,therearemanyanimalsheltersthatofferrefugefortheseanimals.Thesesheltershelprestorethemtotheirnaturalconditionandputthembackintothewild20Somefocusonspecificanimals,suchasowls,whileothersfocusonaparticularregion.However,theyallhavethesamegoaltoprovideasafehavenforwildanimals.A．Differenttypesofanimalsheltershavedifferentpurposes.B．Animalsheltersarenotjustaplaceforinjuredorsickanimals.C．Thismeantthatitwaslikeanallyouoaneatbuffetforthelittleowl.D．Theyarereallyimportantwhenanimalsstruggletosurviveincoldweather.E．Afterathoroughcheckup,theshelterstafffoundoutthatitwasnotinjuredatall.F．However,itisclearthatitisvitaltocareforwildanimalsandtoensuretheirsafety.G．However,recently,awildanimalwasbroughttoashelterforaverydifferentreason.第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。JessicaCoxistheworld’sfirstlicensedarmlesspilot.Bornwithoutarms,Coxneverlether21beeherdisadvantage,Shelearnedatayoungagehowtouseherfeetasherhands.Andafterelevenyearsofwearingprostheticarms（假肢）,shedecidedtobe“therealJessica”and22thearms.Thiswasthestartofhernewlife.Coxlovedswingingbecauseitwassomethingthatshecouldcontroland23flying.overeverything.Andthis24herdeterminationtobeeapilot..Shehadherfirst25ofbeingapilotduringatriptoMexicoinasmallplane.Shehadthe26toplaceherfootontheyoke（操纵杆）andfeeltheexperienceofbeingintheair.Afterthat,her,childhood27ofplanesdisappeared.Thefeelingofcontrol,ofthefreedom,wasmore28thanherhorror.Onthatday,shedecidedto29herdreamofbeingapilot.Thiswasnotwithout30though.Findinganinstructorwasachallenge.Alotwere31teachingandqualifyinganarmlesspilot.Coxdidn’tgiveupandeventuallyfoundherselfa（n）32.Herdreambecamearealityin2008whenshetookherfirstsoloflight.Coxisnotonlyapilotbutalsoa33forpeoplewithdisabilities.Asamotivationalspeaker,shehastraveledacrosstheworldto34others.Sheisafighterforthe35ofpersonswithdisabilities,whichgivesthemaccesstoeducation,healthcare,andthesameadvantagesshehadgrowingup.21．A．disability B．shyness C．experience D．gender22．A．getridof B．putupwith C．getusedto D．takecareof23．A．admit B．practice C．consider D．imagine34．A．showed B．renewed C．launched D．strengthened25．A．taste B．lecture C．licence D．mission26．A．freedom B．struggle C．invitation D．opportunity27．A．fear B．puzzle C．dream D．memory28．A．distant B．natural C．powerful D．plicated29．A．announce B．pursue C．defend D．share30．A．risks B．barriers C．failures D．possibilities31．A．busy B．unfortable C．irresponsiblefor D．tiredof32．A．plane B．assistant C．partner D．teacher33．A．trainer B．leader C．champion D．volunteer34．A．serve B．fund C．inspire D．interest35．A．jobs B．rights C．fame D．safety第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Everyyearforoveramillennium,fishermenhavebravedthesubzerotemperatures,bitingwindsanddeepsnowtosearchfor36underwaterfortuneatChaganLake—oneofthebiggestfreshwaterlakesinourcountry.ChaganistheonlyplaceinChina37youcanstillfindfishermenusingaMongolianfishingmethodthatdatesbackcenturiesandhas38（bare）changedovertime.Holesaredrilledintheice39（lower）a2kilometerlongnetintopositionunderwater.Onceitfillsupwithfish,thenetispulledoutofthewaterusingagiantwheel40（turn）byMongolianhorses.Thelargestfishinthe41（season）firstcatchisbelievedtobelucky,andwillgotothehighestbidderattheauction（拍卖）.Toensurethatthistraditioncancontinue42.damagingthelake’secology,fishermenkeepnatureinmindthroughouttheprocess.43（avoid）theuseofmodernvehicleshelpsreducethechanceofpollutingthelakewater,andthenumberoffishthatcan44（catch）iscappedtoensurethattherewillbefishforyearstoe.Also,overthepastfewyears,themoneyfromtheauctionhasbeeninvestedintoprotectingthelakeandsurroundingenvironment.Andduringthesummer,privatefishingwithout45（permit）isstrictlyprohibited.Thesepreservativemeasureshavekeptthetraditionaliveforthousandsofyearsandcertainlywillbepassedontofuturegenerations.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是李华，现已完成主题为“Food&Culture”英语演讲比赛的雾作大纲，请给外教写一封邮件，简述大纲中你的观点和论证思路，并就此征求对方的建议。注意：1．词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。2．可适当添加细节，以使行文连贯。DearSara,I’mseekingguidanceonmyspeechoutlineabout“Food&Culture”....I’dgreatlyappreciateyourthoughtsandanysuggestions.Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Joey,onceagain,hadtakenhisentirelunchplateandmixedallthefoodtogether.Hedidsomethinglikethisprettymucheverydayatcamp.“It’sanexperiment,”hetoldtheothercampers.“Likewhatwedoin