2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit6DisasterandhopeSectionⅡUsinglanguage学案外研版必修第三册

PAGEUnit6DisasterandhopeSectionⅡUsinglanguage【学习目标】1．语言学问：reliable,rescue,exceptionally,claim，“主语＋动词的被动语态＋todo”结构，省略等。2．语言技能：恰当运用省略结构；理解自然灾难类别及其危害；能描述极端天气和自然灾难。►第一版块：重点词汇诠释1．forecastn．&vt.预料；预报(教材原句)Technologyisn'ttheonlywaytoforecasttheweather.技术并不是预料天气的唯一方法。[经典例句]①Theweatherforecastsaidtherewouldbeaheavyrain.天气预报说将有大雨。②Thereportforecaststhatpriceswillriseby3%nextmonth.报告预料下个月物价将上涨3%。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子(1)It____________(forecast)thattheweatherforthedayoftheracewillbebad.(2)____________________(天气预报)saystheweatherisnotgoodsowearetakingalargeparcelofwarmclotheswithus.联想拓展：过去式：forecast或forecasted过去分词：forecast或forecasted现在分词：forecasting2.reliableadj.可信任的；牢靠的(教材原句)So,foraccurateandreliablepredictions,it'sbesttocheckanofficial,scientificreport.因此，为了精确牢靠的预料，最好查看正式的科学报告。relyv.信任；信任；依靠；依靠relyon/upon依靠；依靠relyonsb.todosth.希望某人做某事relyonitthat...信任……[经典例句]①Weallthinkofhimasareliableman.我们都认为他是一个值得信任的人。②Youcanrelyonhimtohelpyouwhenyouareintrouble.当你境况困难时，你可以希望他来帮你。③Theyhavetorelyontheriverfortheirwater.他们用水只好依靠这条河。[即学即练]单句语法填空(1)Youcanrelyonhim____________(respond)toachallenge.(2)Heisa________(rely)personandyoucanaskhimforhelp.(3)Youmayrelyon________thattheworkwillbefinishedaheadoftime.联想拓展：当relyon后接that从句作宾语时，必需先接it再接that从句，it是形式宾语。类似用法的词还有：dependon/relyon/counton/appreciate/hate/dislike等。3.rescuevt.营救，挽救n．解救，救助，抢救(教材原句)Internationalrescueteamssoonbegantoarriveinthecountry.国际救援队很快起先抵达该国。go/cometosb.'srescue＝rescuesb.进行援救，营救某人rescuesb.from...从……中救出某人rescueteam救援队[经典例句]①Haveyoureadthearticleabouttherescueofthetwominers?你读过关于营救两个矿工的那篇文章吗？②Atmidnightwefinallyrescuedthetouristswhoweretrappedinthevalley.半夜，我们最终救出了被困在山谷中的游客。③Whenweweretrappedintheruins,thesoldierscametoourrescue.当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子(1)She____________(rescue)ninedaysaftertheplanecrash.(2)我们来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。We________________andpulledhimoutoftheriver.(3)他绝处逢生，从沙漠被救了回来。He____________________________thedesert.联想拓展：类似结构还有：cometosb'said来帮某人cometosb'sassistance救济某人4.claimv．(斗争、事故等)夺去(生命)；声称，断言；索要，索取n．声称，断言；索赔(教材原句)Causedbyexceptionallyheavysnowfallwithinashortperiodoftime,theydestroyedbuildingsandforests,andclaimedover256lives.由于短时间内的特大降雪，它们摧毁了建筑物和森林，夺去了超过256人的生命。makeaclaim索赔makeaclaimfor...提出索赔[即学即练]写出句中claim的含义/单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Theyclaimtohavediscoveredacureforthedisease.________(2)Didyouclaimontheinsuranceafteryourcaraccident？________(3)Someoftheearlyclaimsthatweremadewerefalse.________(4)Theearthquake________(claim)over100livessofar.(5)Theyclaimed________theyhadfoundmysteriouscreatureswithsharpteethinthecave.(6)Sincethecriminalsetfireonyourgoods,youcanmakeaclaim________damages.(7)Youcan________________________(要回你的钱)ifthegoodsaredamaged.(8)He________________________(声称已经发觉)atempleonthepeak.[即学即练]完成句子(1)据报道银行已经提前建成了。Theconstructionofthebank________________inadvance.(2)节食被普遍认为是减轻体重的有效方式之一。________________oneoftheeffectivewaysoflosingweight.(3)据说经理正在开会，我们在他办公室等他吧。________________ameeting,solet'swaitathisoffice.联想拓展：claimone'slife夺去某人的生命It'sclaimedthat...据称……claimthat...声称……claimtodosth.声称要做某事claimtohavedonesth.声称做过某事claimsth.back要回某物►其次版块：重点句型解构(教材原句)Theshockisgenerallyagreedtohavehadamagnitudeof9.5.人们普遍认为此次振动已经达到9.5级。eq\o(Theshock,\s\do14(主语))eq\o(isgenerallyagreed,\s\do14(谓语))eq\o(tohavehadamagnitudeof9.5,\s\do14(不定式短语作主语补足语)).“主语＋动词的被动语态＋todo”结构在“主语＋动词的被动语态＋todo”结构中，不定式(短语)作主语补足语，此结构中常用的动词有say,report,think,believe,know,suppose等。该结构中的不定式可有三种形式：(1)主语＋动词的被动语态＋todo(表示转述时不定式的动作将要发生，或是同时发生)①Tomissaidtostudyabroadattheendofthemonth.据说汤姆将在这个月底出国留学。(2)主语＋动词的被动语态＋tobedoing(表示转述时不定式的动作正在发生)②Heissupposedtobeworkinghard.他应当在努力工作。(3)主语＋动词的被动语态＋tohavedone(表示转述时不定式的动作已经发生)③Peterissaidtohavegoneabroad.据说彼得已经出国了。►第三版块：语法——省略为了避开重复，或为了使句子更加简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。在英语句子中，常见的省略状况有以下几种：一、简洁句中的省略1．省略主语：一般状况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不简洁引起歧义的状况下，特殊是在口语中，主语常常省略。主要有：祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。(You)Shutup！住嘴！(You)Wantahand？须要帮忙吗？(I)Begyourpardon.请再说一道。(It)Doesn'tmatter.没关系。2．省略宾语：当上、下或前后两个句子的宾语一样时，下句或后句常省略宾语。—DoyouknowMissGao?—Idon'tknow(her)．——你相识高女士吗？——不相识。3．省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)：在某些详细的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。(You_come)Thisway,please.请这边走。(省略了主语和谓语)(Have_you)Gotanyink?你有墨水吗？(省略了主语和谓语的一部分)[即学即练]补全下列省略句①Haveaseat,please!________________________________________________________________________②Lookslikerain.________________________________________________________________________③Let'sdothedishes.I'llwashandyoudry.________________________________________________________________________④Gotanyideaabouttheplan?________________________________________________________________________二、并列句中的省略在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。1．省略主语或宾语：当后面主语或宾语与前面一部分相同时，可以省略后一部分中共同的主语或宾语。Tompickedupabookonthefloorand(Tom)handedittohisteacher.汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。2．省略系动词、助动词或情态动词：当主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词，助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(must_have_been)doingherhomework.杰克确定始终在踢足球，玛丽确定始终在做家庭作业。3．省略主谓成分：当主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。Hisadvicemademehappy,but(his_advice_made)Jimangry.他的建议使我兴奋，却使吉姆生气。4．若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。Hehasaknowledgeoffirstaidbuthisfrienddoesn't(have_a_knowledge_of_first_aid)．他具备急救学问，但他挚友不具备。[即学即练]写出下列句中可以省略的部分①SomeofusstudyJapanese,andothersstudyEnglish.________②Hegaveupdrinkingseveralmonths,buthereturnedtohisoldwaylater.________③Myfrienddidn'tcometoschool,butIwonderwhyhe/shedidn'tcometoschool.________三、复合句中的省略1．状语从句的省略(1)在when,while,if,asif,though,although,as,until,once,whether,unless,whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句谓语中含有系动词be，且从句主语跟主句的主语相同或从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。Woodgivesoffmuchsmokewhile_(it_is)burning.木头燃烧时产生许多烟。Whenever_(it_is)possible,theywouldstophimandaskhimthethreequestions.只要一有机会，他们就会挡住他并问他这三个问题。WillyoubefreethisSunday?If_(it_is)so,let'sgocamping.这个周日你有空吗？假如有空，我们去野营吧。When_(it_is)_heated,_icecanbeturnedintowater.冰在加热的时候可以变成水。名师点津省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则运用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则运用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则运用不定式。(2)在than,as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些固定成分。Theydon'tusemorewaterthan_(it_is)_necessary.他们运用的水没有超出须要量。Herunsasfastas_Bob_(runs)．他和鲍勃跑得一样快。名师点津并非全部的状语从句都可以省略主语和be动词，由after,before,because等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语。Because_he_was_ill,_hedidn'tattendthemeeting.→Because_of_being_ill,_hedidn'tattendthemeeting.(√)→Being_ill,_hedidn'tattendthemeeting.(√)→Because_ill,_hedidn'tattendthemeeting.(×)由于生病了，他没有出席会议。[即学即练](1)单句语法填空①When________(surf)theInternet,Idownloadedthefilm.②Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceif________(leave)inthewronghands.③Heopenedhismouthasif________(say)something.(2)把下列句子改为省略句①Ifitisso,Ihopeyouwillhaveawonderfultime.→________，Ihopeyouwillhaveawonderfultime.②ThewintersinHangzhouarenotsomildastheyareinGuangzhou.→ThewintersinHangzhouarenotsomild____________________________.2．定语从句的省略(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that可省略(但whom,which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。Theexactyear(which/that)AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.安哥拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2008年。(2)修饰way的关系词that/inwhich可以省略。Thewayeq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(inwhich,that,/))hespeakstousisreallyannoying.他对我们讲话的方式真是让人厌烦。[即学即练]写出下列句中可以省略的部分①Amongthemanydangerswhichsailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.________②Pleasesendusalltheinformationthatyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.________3．宾语从句的省略(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但假如及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。Itrulybelievethatbeautycomesfromwithin.我真的信任漂亮来自内心。Hesaidthatthetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.他说这篇课文很重要，我们应当牢记在心。(2)when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。IknowthatamoviestarwillcometoourcitybutIdon'tknowwhen(hewillcometoourcity)．我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市，但我不知道他什么时候来。[即学即练]写出下列句中可以省略的部分①Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfeltthathecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.________②Shedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday.Idon'tknowwhyshedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday.________四、其他的省略状况1．动词不定式的省略(1)当不定式在形容词afraid,anxious,eager,glad,happy,ready,willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。Youcan'tforcehimtoanswerthequestionifhe'snotreadyto(answer_the_question)．假如他不情愿回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。(2)用于某些使役动词，如：make,let,have等和感官动词，如：see,watch,notice,observe,hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但在被动语态中，to不省略。WeoftenhearhersinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.Sheisoftenheardto_singanEnglishsongintheclassroom.(被动语态)我们常常听见她在教室唱英文歌。(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。Helikestoswimand(to)skate.(并列)他既喜爱游泳也喜爱溜冰。Hebelievesit'simportantto_studyratherthanto_make_friends.(比较)他认为最重要的是学习而不是交挚友。(4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree,afford,expect,forget,hope,know,manage,pretend,remember,refuse,want,wish,wouldlike等。Iwoulddoitforyou,butIdon'tknowhowto(do_it_for_you)．我情愿为你做这件事，但是我不知怎么去做。(5)介词but,except(除了)前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。Allhecoulddowasnothingbut_wait_and_see.他所能做的只有等着瞧。(6)当不定式在begoingto,beableto,haveto,oughtto,usedto后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。Theydidn'tvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughtto(visit_their_parents)．他们应当多探望父母，但他们没有。名师点津(1)省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。(2)类似这样用法的有动词短语oughtto,begoingto,beaboutto,besupposedto,haveto,usedto及形容词glad,happy,pleased,delighted等。Hedidn'tcome,butheoughttohave.他没来，但他应当来。—Areyouafarmer?—No,butIusedtobe(a_farmer)．——你是个农夫吗？——不是，但我过去是。[即学即练]按要求做题(只填写序号)①Thereweresomanycarsheldupbytheheavyrainontheroadthatwehadnoalternativebuttowait.②Wecandonothingbuttogiveup.③Hewasnoticedtoleavetheoffice.④Thecitynowismuchnoisierthanitusedtobe.⑤Mymotherwouldn'tletmetogotoseethefilm.(1)以上句子中，画线部分应省略的是：________(2)不能省略的是：________2．运用so,not等时的省略在英语中，可以用so，not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。—Canyoufinishyourworktoday?—Ithinkso.(—Idon'tthinkso./Ithinknot.)——你今日能完成工作吗？——我认为能。(——我认为不能。)名师点津hope,guess,beafraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not...so的形式。—Theboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall,arethey?—Iguessnot.——男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？——我猜是没做好。[即学即练]完成句子①—Ishefeelingbettertoday?—________________(唯恐没有好转)．②—Tomwasinjured,orhewouldhavewontherace.—____________(我认为如此)．3．介词的省略一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留分词后的动名词。常见的结构有：①bebusy(in)doingsth.②havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.③spendsometime(in)doingsth.④stop/preventsb.(from)doingsth.Theheavyrainpreventedhim(from)arrivingthereontime.大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。[即学即练]补全下列句中省略的介词①Toavoidmakinganothermistake,spendtime(________)doingresearchonothermajors.②Ihavesometrouble(________)learningEnglish.Ⅰ.将下列句子中省略的部分补全1．Hewasdeterminedtocarryouttheplan,whateverthecost.→Hewasdeterminedtocarryouttheplan,________________________.2．Ifnotwellorganized,themeetingwillbeafailure.→________________________，themeetingwillbeafailure.3．Onlyoneofuswasinjured,andhejustslightly.→Onlyoneofuswasinjured,and________________________.4．Youcandoitifyoumeanto.→Youcandoit____________________.5．Idon'tlikethewayshetreatedherstudents.→Idon'tliketheway________shetreatedherstudents.6．Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot,youwillmissthefirstbus.→Getupearlytomorrow.________________________，youwillmissthefirstbus.7．WhileinBeijing,IpaidavisittotheSummer→____________________，IpaidavisittotheSummerPalace.8．Thechildwantedtoplayinthestreet,buthermothertoldhernotto.→Thechildwantedtoplayinthestreet,________________________________________.9．Hegavethesameanswerasbefore.→Hegavethesameanswer______________________.10．Youcan'tforcehimtoanswerthequestionifhe'snotreadyto.→Youcan'tforcehimtoanswerthequestion________________________________________.Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成省略句1.Theburnthatshegotfromtheironwasredanditwasverypainful.→Theburnthatshegotfromtheironwasredand____________.2．Justtakeashortbreakifyouaretired.→Justtakeashortbreak________.3．Iwoulddoitforyou,butIdon'tknowhowtodoitforyou.→Iwoulddoitforyou,butIdon'tknow________.4．Theydidn'tvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughttovisittheirparents.→Theydidn'tvisittheirparentsasmuchasthey________.5．Onlysomeofthestudentshavedoneafirstaidcoursebutmostofthestudentshaven'tdoneafirstaidcourse.→Onlysomeofthestudentshavedoneafirstaidcoursebut____________.6．Johnwillgoabroadtotravelbuthisbrotherwillnotgoabroadtotravel.→Johnwillgoabroadtotravelbuthisbrother________.7．Shestoodatthegateasifshewaswaitingforsomeone.→Shestoodatthegateasif________________.8．Woodgivesoffmuchsmokewhileitisburning.→Woodgivesoffmuchsmoke____________.9．Wheneveritispossible,theywouldstophimandaskhimthethreequestions.→________________，theywouldstophimandaskhimthethreequestions.10.HerunsasfastasBobruns.→Herunsasfastas________.Ⅲ.完成句子1．过公路时要当心汽车。Lookoutforcars________________________.2．正如安排的一样，他们按时出席了会议。Theyattendedthemeetingontime________.3．他比预期晚回来三天。Hecamebackthreedayslater____________.4．——明每天气会放晴吗？——我希