第04辑一轮阅读 专题01 阅读理解难点分类突破（段落大意题+文章大意题+态度推断题）（教师版） 2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）VIP

2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）第04辑一轮阅读专题01阅读理解难点分类突破（段落大意题+文章大意题+态度推断题）解析版目录段落大意题1+3篇P1【名师点津】P1【高考真题】P2【名校模拟】P4文章大意题1+3篇P8【名师点津】P9【高考真题】P10【名校模拟】P11态度推断题1+3篇P16【名师点津】P16【高考真题】P16【名校模拟】P17段落大意题1+3篇【名师点津】一、段落大意题干扰项特征1.过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围。2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容。3.移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上。4.主观臆测，无中生有。选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。二、段落大意题两大抓手1.寻找段落主题句解答段落大意题的关键是抓住段落的主题句。一般而言，每个段落总有一个中心，通常中心思想会在首句或尾句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。总体来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首，这种现象较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。2.确定段落关键词段落中反复出现的词汇一般就是段落关键词，往往需要出现在正确选项中。三、段落大意题思维导图【高考真题】(2024新课标I卷第26题)“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(针灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(兽医)nowpracticing“holistic”medicine–combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩疗法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That’smyjob.”24.WhatdosomeofFarber’scoworkersthinkofhim?A.He’sodd. B.He’sstrict. C.He’sbrave. D.He’srude.25.WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets?A.Hewastrainedinitatuniversity.B.Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian.C.Hebenefitedfromitasapatient.D.Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners.26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?A.ToproveFarber’spoint. B.Toemphasizeitsimportance.C.Topraiseveterinarians. D.Toadvocateanimalprotection.【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.A【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(WilliamFarber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。24.细节理解题。根据第一段的“Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.(如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。)”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。25.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。26.主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(PriscillaDewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。)”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。27.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.(法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。【名校模拟】（23-24高三下·陕西渭南·开学考试）Beforetheyearhasevencometoaclose,climateexpertsarecertainthat2023willbethehottestyearinrecordedhistory.OnDec.6,theCopernicusClimateChangeService(C3S)—partoftheEuropeanUnion’sspaceprogram—revealedthatthisyear’saverageglobaltemperatureshavebeen2.6F(1.46C)higherthantemperaturesinpreindustrialtimesand0.2F(0.13C)higherthanJanuarytoNovemberin2016.These“extraordinary”temperaturesmeanthat2023willbe“thewarmestyearinrecordedhistory,”C3SdeputydirectorSamanthaBurgesssaidinastatement.Theresearchersnotethatthisyear’srecordheatwaspartlycausedbythelatestElNinoevent—aphenomenonwherewarmerwaterneartheequatortriggerswarmerglobalairtemperatures—thatbeganinJune.SomeotherexpertshavesuggestedthattheJanuary2022eruptionofTonga’sunderwatervolcano,whichpumpedrecordlevelsofwatervaporintotheatmosphere,mayalsobepartlyresponsible.Despitethesefactors,themajorcauseofclimbingtemperaturesisglobalwarmingcausedbyrunawaygreenhousegasemissions,which,notedinaC3Sstatement,havetrappedmorethan25billionatomicbombs’worthofenergyinouratmosphereoverthelast50years.Andstillworse,theglobalcarbonemissionshavereachedanewhighthisyear,accordingtoscientistsattheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceoftheParties(COP28)OnDec4.Theeffectsofglobalwarmingarebecomingmoreobvious.In2023,researchrevealedthatclimatechangeiscausingmajorUScitiestosinkandmorethanhalfoftheworld’slargestlakesandreservoirstoshrink.StudiesalsopredictedthattheGulfStream,whichplaysavitalroleinoceancirculation,couldcollapsebyasearlyas2025,andthatrisingsealevelscouldswamptheUScoastlineby2050.However,scientistssaythatwestillhavetimetopreventfurtherdisaster.LeadingclimatechangeexpertMichaelMann,fromtheUniversityofPennsylvania,recentlywrotethat“wecanstillstoptheworsteffectsofclimatechange”ifwestopemittinggreenhousegasesassoonaspossible.1.Whichisthemainfactorincausingthewarmestweatherin2023?A.Eruptionofanunderwatervolcano. B.Greenhousegasemissions.C.CollapseoftheGulfStream. D.ThelatestElNinoevent.2.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Scientists’predictionsofthetechnology. B.ThethreatofrisingsealevelstotheU.S.C.Theeffectsofclimatechange. D.Differentopinionsonglobalwarming.3.HowdoesMichaelMannfeelaboutthepresentsituation?A.Confused. B.Worried. C.Pessimistic. D.Hopeful.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“emitting”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Release. B.Prevent. C.Reduce. D.Seek.【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.A【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要了关于气候变化和全球变暖的最新发现。1.细节理解题。根据第四段“Despitethesefactors,themajorcauseofclimbingtemperaturesisglobalwarmingcausedbyrunawaygreenhousegasemissions(尽管有这些因素，但气温攀升的主要原因是失控的温室气体排放导致的全球变暖)”可知，造成2023年天气最热的主要因素是温室气体排放，故选B项。2.主旨大意题。通读全段，并结合主旨句“Theeffectsofglobalwarmingarebecomingmoreobvious.(全球变暖的影响越来越明显。)”可知，本段主要讲的是气候变化的影响，故选C项。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段“However,scientistssaythatwestillhavetimetopreventfurtherdisaster.LeadingclimatechangeexpertMichaelMann,fromtheUniversityofPennsylvania,recentlywrotethat“wecanstillstoptheworsteffectsofclimatechange”ifwestopemittinggreenhousegasesassoonaspossible(然而，科学家们表示，我们仍有时间防止进一步的灾难。宾夕法尼亚大学的首席气候变化专家迈克尔•曼最近写道，如果我们尽快停止emitting温室气体，“我们仍然可以阻止气候变化的最坏影响”)”可推理出，迈克尔•曼认为目前的情况充满希望，故选D项。4.词句猜测题。根据前文“wecanstillstoptheworsteffectsofclimatechange(我们仍然可以阻止气候变化的最坏影响)”可知，应是停止排放温室气体，我们才可能阻止气候变化的最坏影响，所以推知emitting意为“排放”，和A项意思相近。故选A项。（2024·安徽合肥·三模）InaneighborhoodintheeastofParis,ifyouwalkoutofyourfrontdoor,youcanarriveatakindergarteninoneminuteandabookstoreinthreeminutes.Abakery?It’sacrossthestreet.Actually,allkeythingsindailylife—work,food,schoolsandentertainment—arewithina15-minutewalk.Thisneighborhoodwasbuiltinthiswaymorethan150yearsagoandthisoldideaofhavingallimportantthingsclosebyhasnowevolvedintoanurbanplanningmodelthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheworld.“A15-minutecitynotonlyimprovesqualityoflife,butcanalsoreducegreenhousegases.Transportationaccountsforabout20%ofglobalenergy-relatedCO₂pollution,withcarsmakingupalmost10%,”saysCarlosMoreno,aprofessoratUniversityofParis,whohasbeenhelpingthecityputthisideatouse.“Parisshouldintegratethe15-minutecityaspartofabroaderstrategytogetclosertonetzerogoals.”Besidesreducinggreenhousegases,therearelotsof“co-benefits”forpeoplewholivein15-minutecities.Facilitiesthatprioritizewalkingandbikingmeanlessnoisefromcarsandmoresafetyforthepeople,Lessairpollutionfromcarsanddailyroutineswithmorewalkingandbikingpromotehealth.Redesigningcitieswherehomesaremixedinwithbusinessescandrivemore.foottraffictothosebusinesses.Butonechallengetobuilding15-minutecitiesacrossFranceisfinancial.Manybanksarestillunwillingtoprovideloansformixed-usedevelopments,becausetheyarestillarelativelyuncommonwaytobuildcommunities.Otherbarriershavetodowithparkinginamoreheavilypopulatedarea.Thebiggestobstacleinvolvespublicschools.Whencoupleshavekids,theyoftenleavecitiesforsuburbs,whichtheythinkhavebetterschools.“Ifwewantregionalsustainability,wehavetolooktotheseurbanplaces,”Makarewiczsays.“Butifwewanttosuccessfullyintroducea15-minutecityapproachtoanarea,weshouldfocusonthewaypeoplewanttolive.”5.Whatisafeatureoftheso-called15-minutecity?A.Betterschoolsarebuiltinthesuburbs. B.Peoplearerequiredtowalkorridebikes.C.Allimportantdailythingsarecloseby. D.Greenhousegasesarereducedtonetzero.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thedifficultiesofredesigning. B.Thebenefitsofa15-minutecity.C.Theharmsoflivinginbigcities. D.Thecoststobuild15-minutecities.7.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“obstacle”underlinedinparagraph5?A.Failure. B.Plan. C.Change. D.Problem.8.WhatisthekeytoputtingCarlosMoreno’ideaintousesuccessfully?A.Urbanresidents’acceptance. B.Theavailableurbanspace.C.People'swillingnesstolendmoney. D.Thegovernmentalsupport.【答案】5.C6.B7.D8.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了建立15分钟城市生活圈的优点及可能遇到的挑战。5.细节理解题。根据第一段的“Actually,allkeythingsindailylife—work,food,schoolsandentertainment—arewithina15-minutewalk.(事实上，日常生活中的所有关键事情——工作、食物、学校和娱乐——都在15分钟的步行路程内)”可知，这种城市生活圈的特征是：将日常生活所必要的设施都规划在一起。故选C。6.主旨大意题。根据第四段的主旨句“Besidesreducinggreenhousegases,therearelotsof“co-benefits”forpeoplewholivein15-minutecities.(除了减少温室气体，生活在15分钟城市的人们还有很多“共同利益”)”可知，本段主要介绍了15分钟城市带来的好处。故选B。7.词句猜测题。根据划线词前“Butonechallengetobuilding15-minutecitiesacrossFranceisfinancial.Manybanksarestillunwillingtoprovideloansformixed-usedevelopments,becausetheyarestillarelativelyuncommonwaytobuildcommunities.Otherbarriershavetodowithparkinginamoreheavilypopulatedarea.(但在法国各地建设15分钟城市的一个挑战是财政问题。许多银行仍然不愿意为混合用途开发项目提供贷款，因为它们仍然是一种相对不常见的社区建设方式。其他障碍与在人口稠密地区停车有关)”及下文“Whencoupleshavekids,theyoftenleavecitiesforsuburbs,whichtheythinkhavebetterschools.(当夫妻有了孩子后，他们通常会离开城市去郊区，因为他们认为那里的学校更好)”可知，在法国各地建设15分钟城市的挑战有财政问题，包括银行不愿意提供贷款，人口稠密地区无法停车。其中最大的障碍包括公共学校。所以换线单词指的也是规划及建设15分钟城市生活圈时会遇到的挑战，意为“问题，障碍”。故选D。8.细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Butifwewanttosuccessfullyintroducea15-minutecityapproachtoanarea,weshouldfocusonthewaypeoplewanttolive.(但如果我们想成功地将15分钟的城市方式引入一个地区，我们应该关注人们想要的生活方式)”可知，想要成功地将15分钟的城市方式引入一个地区，必须符合人们想要的生活方式，也就是说城市居民的是否能够接受。故选A。（2024·山西太原·二模）Oneofthemostpopulartherapists(治疗师)inUniversityofRochester(UR)smellslikechips,peesoutside,anddoesn’tmindeatingbabycarrotsofftheground.Sasha,afive-year-oldgoldendog,runsherpracticeoutofasecond-flourofficeintheInterfaithChapelthatsheshareswithherowner-Dr.DeniseYarbrough.Duringtheirofficehours,whichrunfrom11a.m.to5p.m,onMondaysandFridays,themessypuppyislikelytogreetyouwithtailwags,happy“woof”,andevenhertwofrontpawslifting.It’sthispatentedcharmthatallowsSashatomeettheneedsofacrowdofstudentswhodropintoseeUR’sfirstandmostaccessibletherapydoginresidence.ButthepathtoherpuppyPh.Dstillcalledforthreeroundsoftraining.Firstwasatwo-weekresidentialcampontheessentials—sit,stay,come,heel,ete.Therehernaturalfondnessfor“peoplepleasing”revealeditselfonherveryfirstday!Thattrainingwasfollowedbytheeight-weekCanineGoodCitizenprogram,whereshelearnedhowtostaycalmincrowds,toresistreactingtootherdogs,andtobecomfortablewithYarbroughleavingherside.Afive-weektherapydogspecificcoursewasthelaststepinherjourney.Thereshestudiedapproachingpeoplewithmobilityaidslikewheelchairs,toleratingloudnoises,andtheimportanceofthe“leaveit!”command,amongotherthings.Sashapassedthetherapydogexamsatninemonthsoldbutcouldn’tgetcertificateduntilshewasoneyearold.Thepandemicpostponedheron-campusarrival,butYarbroughdideventuallygettobringhertowork,andstudentsconsequentlyfellinlove,“Ihavethisconstantstreamofstudents,andobviouslythisismeetinganeed.”Yarbroughsaid.“Thisisthethirdyearwe’redoingthis,andshedoesgetaprettysteadystreamoffriendscominginonthedaysthatshe’shere.”Sincethen,Sasha’sroleinthecommunityhasballooned.9.WhatdoweknowaboutSashafromthefirstparagraph?A.Sheworkssixhourseveryday.B.ShegoestotheofficeasDr.Yarbrough’spet.C.Sheattractsstudentswithimproperbehaviour.D.Sheworksbyactivelyinteractingwithstudents.10.WhatinbornnaturedidSashashowinthetraining?A.Theresistingreaction.B.Abilitytoaidthedisabled.C.Fondnessforpeoplepleasing.D.Obeyingthecommandsprecisely.11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThepopularityofSasha.B.TheexpectationofYarbrough.C.ThehardshipofSasha’swork.D.Thefeedbackofthecommunity.12.Whatisthewritingpurposeofthistext?A.Topresentpuppytrainingstrategies.B.Tointroduceaspecialcampustherapist.C.Tolaunchanappealforanimalconservation.D.Tohighlightthesignificanceofpets’company.【答案】9.D10.C11.A12.B【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了罗切斯特大学小狗治疗犬萨沙成长的故事。9.细节理解题。根据第一段“Duringtheirofficehours,whichrunfrom11a.m.to5p.m,onMondaysandFridays,themessypuppyislikelytogreetyouwithtailwags,happy“woof”,andevenhertwofrontpawslifting.It’sthispatentedcharmthatallowsSashatomeettheneedsofacrowdofstudentswhodropintoseeUR’sfirstandmostaccessibletherapydoginresidence.(在他们周一和周五从早上11点到下午5点的办公时间里，这只邋遢的小狗可能会摇尾巴，开心地“汪汪”地叫，甚至抬起两只前爪来迎接你。正是这种有专利权的魅力，让萨沙满足了一群学生的需求，他们来这里看罗切斯特大学的第一只也是最容易接近的治疗犬。)”可知，萨沙是通过积极与学生互动来工作的。故选D项。10.细节理解题。根据第二段“Therehernaturalfondnessfor“peoplepleasing”revealeditselfonherveryfirstday!(在那里，她天生就喜欢“取悦别人”的特质第一天就显露出来了！)”可知，萨沙在训练中展现出了天生喜欢取悦人的特质，故选C项。11.主旨大意题。根据最后一段““Thisisthethirdyearwe’redoingthis,andshedoesgetaprettysteadystreamoffriendscominginonthedaysthatshe’shere.”Sincethen,Sasha’sroleinthecommunityhasballooned.(“这是我们第三年这样做了，她在这里的日子里确实有相当稳定的朋友流。”从那以后，萨沙在社区中的角色越来越重要。)”以及最后一段的其他内容可知这一段主要讲述了莎莎的受欢迎程度。故选A项。12.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“OneofthemostpopulartherapistsinUniversityofRochester(UR)smellslikechips,peesoutside,anddoesn’tmindeatingbabycarrotsofftheground.(罗切斯特大学最受欢迎的治疗师之一闻起来像薯条，在外面撒尿，而且不介意吃掉在地上的小胡萝卜)”以及第二段“ButthepathtoherpuppyPh.Dstillcalledforthreeroundsoftraining.(但是她成为小狗博士的路径仍然需要三轮训练。)”以及文章最后一句“Sincethen,Sasha’sroleinthecommunityhasballooned.(从那时起，萨沙在社区中的角色越来越重要。)”可知文章介绍了罗彻斯特大学的一位特殊治疗师——一只名为萨沙的金毛犬，她通过训练成为了一位治疗犬，并深受学生们的喜爱。因此，文章的写作目的是介绍这位特殊的校园治疗师。故选B项。文章大意题1+3篇【名师点津】一、记叙文主旨大意题1.看首段和尾段，以尾段为主2.借助主题词或关键词归纳二、说明文和议论文主旨大意题1.看首段和每段段首句，以首段为主2.借助主题词或关键词归纳三、文章大意题错误选项典型错误一是“以偏概全”：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意；二是“概括宽泛”：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容；三是“无中生有”：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。四、文章大意五种题型题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词:in

brief/short,all

in

all,in

conclusion,

inaword等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。五、文章大意题思维导图【高考真题】(2024新课标II卷第31题)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood. B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance. D.Itreliesonfarmer’smarkets.29.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?A.Real-timeweatherchanges. B.Currentconditionoftheplants.C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil. D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.DTheyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.【答案】28.C29.B30.D31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。28.细节理解题。根据第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。29.细节理解题。根据第三段“Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.(此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.(通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。【名校模拟】（23-24高三上·山西晋城·期末）Whilescientistshavemanyideas,thereisnosingleexplanationforwhyhumansyawn.Still,thereisonethingexpertsknowaboutyawns—theyseemtobeinfectious!Haveyouevercaughtayawnfromsomeoneelse?Mostpeoplehave.Accordingtoonepreviousstudy,apersonissixtimesmorelikelytoyawnafterseeingsomeoneelsedoso.Expertshavedonemanystudiesintowhyyawnsseemtopassfrompersontoperson.Asaresult,expertshaveafewtheoriesforthereasonbehindit.Onepossibleexplanationhastodowithsomethingcalledsocialmirroring.Thisiscausedbymirrorneurons(镜像神经元)inthebrain.Thesecellshelpthebrainnoticeusefulbehaviorofothersandthencopyit.Whenonepersonseesanotherpersonyawning,hismirrorneuronsobservetheactionandinterpretitasbeneficialbehavior.Thatmaycausehimtoyawn,too.Anotherpopulartheoryisthatyawnsareinfectiousthankstosocialrelationships.Humansareundoubtedlysocialcreatures.Theyformfriendships,startfamilies,andlivetogetheringroups.That’swhymanypeoplemirrorothers,suchassmilingwhenanotherpersondoesso.Yawningmaybejustanotherexampleofthis.Infact,researchhasshownthatpeoplearemostlikelytocatchacaseoftheyawnsfromanotherpersonifthetwoshareasocialrelationship.Theanswercouldevenbethatyawnsaren’ttrulyinfectiousatall.Instead,peoplemayyawnwhenthey’etogethersimplybecausethey‘reinthesameenvironment.Expertssaymanythingsmaycauseyawning—includingtemperatureandtime.Possiblecausesmaybeexperiencedbyanyoneinthesamegeneralarea.Whatevertheexplanationis,expertsdoknowthatinfectiousyawnsaren’tlimitedtohumans.OnestudyfoundthatlionsinSouthAfricaalsocaughteachother’syawns.1.Whatkindofbehaviormaybecopiedbythemirrorneurons?A.Unimportantbutattractive. B.Usefulandbeneficial.C.Hardtounderstand. D.Easytocopy.2.Whoseyawnsarepeoplemostlikelytocopyaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Theoneswhoyawnalot. B.Theoneswhoarefriendlytothem.C.Theonescloselyconnectedwiththem. D.Theonessharingthesameinterestwiththem.3.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Sometipsonyawninginpublic. B.Arealexplanationforinfectiousyawning.C.Otherexamplesofanimalsyawningtogether. D.Furtherstudiesofinfectiousyawninginhumans.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whyyawnsareinfectious. B.Whatcausespeopletoyawn.C.Whoyawnsmorethanothers. D.Whetheryawnsareinfectious.【答案】1.B2.C3.C4.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些关于打哈欠会传染的理论。1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Onepossibleexplanationhastodowithsomethingcalledsocialmirroring.Thisiscausedbymirrorneurons(镜像神经元)inthebrain.Thesecellshelpthebrainnoticeusefulbehaviorofothersandthencopyit.Whenonepersonseesanotherpersonyawning,hismirrorneuronsobservetheactionandinterpretitasbeneficialbehavior.Thatmaycausehimtoyawn,too.(一种可能的解释与所谓的社交镜像有关。这是由大脑中的镜像神经元引起的。这些细胞帮助大脑注意到他人的有用行为，然后复制它。当一个人看到另一个人打哈欠时，他的镜像神经元会观察到这个动作，并将其解释为有益的行为。这也可能导致他打哈欠。)”可知，镜像神经元可以复制有用和有益的行为。故选B项。2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Infact,researchhasshownthatpeoplearemostlikelytocatchacaseoftheyawnsfromanotherpersonifthetwoshareasocialrelationship.(事实上，研究表明，如果一个人和另一个人有着共同的社会关系，那么他们最有可能被对方打哈欠)”可知，人们最容易被那些与他们关系密切的人的哈欠传染。故选C项。3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Expertssaymanythingsmaycauseyawning—includingtemperatureandtime.Possiblecausesmaybeexperiencedbyanyoneinthesamegeneralarea.Whatevertheexplanationis,expertsdoknowthatinfectiousyawnsaren’tlimitedtohumans.OnestudyfoundthatlionsinSouthAfricaalsocaughteachother’syawns.(专家表示，许多因素可能会导致打哈欠，包括温度和时间。同一地区的任何人都可能经历可能的原因。无论解释是什么，专家们都知道传染性哈欠并不局限于人类。一项研究发现，南非的狮子也会互相打哈欠。)”可推知，在接下来的段落中，作者可能会继续谈论其它动物一起打哈欠的例子。故选C项。4.主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第一段“Whilescientistshavemanyideas,thereisnosingleexplanationforwhyhumansyawn.Still,thereisonethingexpertsknowaboutyawns—theyseemtobeinfectious!(虽然科学家们有很