湖南省三湘名校教育联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期第一次大联考英语试题

三湘名校教育联盟·2025届高三第一次大联考英语本试卷共8页。全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷和答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑，如有改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案;回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Dosomeshopping.B.Takeaphoto.C.Talktothemodel.2.HowmuchChineseyuanshouldthewomanpay?A.200yuan.B.800yuan.C.1,600yuan.3.Whyisthecitysocrowded?A.Itspopulationistoobig.B.Itsroadsaretoonarrow.C.Ithasbigmanagementissues.4.Howlonghastherainlasted?A.5days.B.6days.C.7days.5.Whatopiniondotheyholdontheirchemistrycourse?A.It’swellorganized.B.Itissatisfactory.C.Itisunsatisfactory.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whathasthemanbeendoingalldaylong?A.Callingthewoman.B.Stayingathome.C.Preparingfordinner.7.Whydothespeakersdecidetohangupthephone?A.Theconnectionisn’tgood.B.They’rebothbusy.C.They’llmeetsoon.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whydoesthemanlookpale?A.Hehasgotacold.B.He’safraidofheights.C.He’salittleairsick.9.Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?A.Themanhasneverflownbefore.B.Themanwillchewsomegum.C.TheplanetookofffromOntario.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatwouldthewomanliketodothisweekend?A.Goclimbing.B.Goshopping.C.Gofishing.11.WhatdoesthemanplantodoonSaturday?A.Checkhisschedule.B.Stayathome.C.Helphissistermove.12.Howwillthemangetintouchwiththewoman?A.Bymakingacalltoherhouse.B.Bymakingacalltohermother’shouse.C.Bymakingacalltohercellphone.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatarethemanandwomanlookingfor?A.Afortablehotel.B.Amodernhotel.C.Aninexpensivehotel.14.Whomdidthemanandwomanaskforhelp?A.Apolicewoman.B.Awaitress.C.Apasserby.15Wherecouldthemanandwomanfindahoteltheyneeded?A.Inthenextstreet.B.Nexttoabank.C.Twominutedrivetothewest.16.Wheredidtheconversationmostlikelytakeplace?A.Inastreet.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inahotel.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhendidMr.Mendeldiscoverthereasonforourlikenesstoparents?A.In1860.B.In1916.C.In1953.18.Whatdidthescientistsfindin1961?A.ThefirstunderstandableDNA“word”.B.AllthewordsintheDNAmap.C.ThefunctionsofalltheDNA“words”.19.Whatcanwedobyunderstanding“words”intheDNAmap?A.Createnewcreatures.B.Curesomediseases.C.Savedyinganimals.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.ThewaysofDNAtreatment.BThefamousbiologyscientists.C.TheprocessofunderstandingDNA.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATeachingVolunteerPrograminBaliLovina(巴厘岛)AreyouinterestedinbeingavolunteerteacherinBaliLovina?InternationalVolunteerHQ’sTeachingprojectinvitesvolunteerstopassonvaluableEnglishlanguageskillstoschoolchildrenwhilesharingtheirownculture.WhatyoucanexpectAsavolunteerteacher,you’llrunafterschoolEnglishclassesforelementarychildren.Youmaybepairedwithanothervolunteerorworkalone,andyou’refreetogetcreativewithyourteachingmethods.Ageneralinstructionandexamplesfrompreviousvolunteerswillguideyourlessonplanning.WhocanapplyThisprogramisidealforcreativeandactivevolunteerswhoenjoyinspiringchildrentolearnorwhowanttobeeteachers.You’llneedtospeakfluentEnglishbutnopreviousteachingexperienceisrequiredasyou’llbesupportedbyqualifiedlocalstaff.SomerelevanttraınınglikeaTEFLcoursewouldbehelpful.StartdatesDurationVolunteerhoursAgeProgramsstarteveryMondayChoosefrom112weeksUpto5hoursadayAged16+WhatimpactyouwillmakeInBali,tourismandhospitalitydrivejobs,requiringstrongEnglishskills,makingnativespeakers’practiceinvaluable.Throughthisprogram,volunteerscontributetoenhancıngaccesstoeducationwithinthelocalmunıty.Byassistıngchildrentoremaıninschool,pursuefurthereducation,andaccessbetteremploymentopportunitiesinthefuture,volunteersplayavitalroleinshapingbrighterfutures.1.Whatkindofsupportwillvolunteersreceive?A.Suggestionsonfindingajob. B.Guidancefromlocalteachers.C.Instructionsfromlocaltravelagencies. D.Coursesonlearningthelocallanguage.2.Whatisthelowestagelimitforjoiningtheprogram?A.5. B.12. C.16. D.20.3.Whatistheexpectedouteforthechildreninvolved?A.Havingbetterjobopportunities. B.Startingtheirownteachingcareers.C.Enhancinglocalculturepreservation. D.Acquiringmoreeducationalresources.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了巴厘岛的一个教学志愿者项目，包括志愿者可以期待的内容、申请条件、项目开始日期、持续时间、志愿者工作时间以及年龄要求等，同时阐述了志愿者将产生的影响。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“You’llneedtospeakfluentEnglishbutnopreviousteachingexperienceisrequiredasyou’llbesupportedbyqualifiedlocalstaff.(你需要说一口流利的英语，但不需要有以前的教学经验，因为你将得到合格的当地工作人员的支持)”可知，志愿者将得到当地合格教师的支持，因此他们会得到当地教师的指导。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章表格中“Age:Aged16+(年龄：16岁以上)”可知，参加该项目的最低年龄限制是16岁。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Byassistingchildrentoremaininschool,pursuefurthereducation,andaccessbetteremploymentopportunitiesinthefuture,volunteersplayavitalroleinshapingbrighterfutures.(通过帮助孩子们继续上学，继续接受教育，并在未来获得更好的就业机会，志愿者在塑造更光明的未来方面发挥着至关重要的作用)”可知，对于参与的孩子来说，预期的结果是拥有更好的工作机会。故选A项。BInspiredbyMarcoPolo,whotraveledtoChinaalongtheancientSilkRoadmorethan700yearsago,ItaliantravelerViennasetofffromtheexplorer’shometownVenice.Asthefirstwomantoattemptretracingtheroute,Viennahopestobuildabridgeoffriendshipamongpeoplefromdifferentcountriesthroughherefforts.Vienna’sfascinationwithChinabeganovertwodecadesagowhenaChinesestudentstayedinherhome,sparklingherinterestinthecountry’srichculturalherıtage.Moreover,shehasbeenafanofItaliantravelerMarcoPolosincechildhoodandthedescriptionoftheancientSilkRoadinthebook,TheTravelsofMarcoPolo,particularlyimpressedher.In2018,thethoughtoffollowingthefootstepsofMarcoPoloinspiredhertomapoutajourneycovering22,000kilometersfromVenicetoBeijing,passingthrough15countriesinthreetofouryears.Atfirst,herchildrenthoughtitwasunrealistictopletesuchalongjourneyinherseventies.However,astheyobservedthedetailedplanning,theyfullysupportedher.Withasimplebackpackandtwohikingpoles,shehascoveredover20,000kmandpassedthroughdozensofcountries.“Thejourneyismorethanjustapersonalchallenge,”Viennasaidinarecentinterview.“ItisamissiontowitnessfirsthandtheimpactofChina’sBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)andtosharetheexperienceswiththeworld,”sheadded.“Ihaveseenthebridges,highways,andrailwaysbuiltundertheBRI,whichconnectcountriesinawaythatechoestheSilkRoad’shistoricroleinfacilitatingtradeandculturalexchange.”DescribingherselfasanambassadorofculturalexchangeandmoderndayMarcoPolo,Viennanotedthat“IwantpeopletoknowaboutMarcoPoloandtheSilkRoad,butIalsowanttosendamessagetowomenofmyage—it’snevertoolatetopursueyourdreams.”4.WhydidViennaundertakethejourney?A.Tosetthelongesthikingrecord. B.TodohistoryresearchonChina.C.Toadvocateenvironmentprotection. D.Topromotecrossculturalmunication.5.WhatmotivatedViennatoplanajourneyfromVenicetoBeijing?A.HerlifelongfascinationwithChina. B.Herchildren’senthusiasmfortravel.C.AChinesestudent’sconstantsupport. D.TheideaofretracingtheancientSilkRoad.6.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.TheinfluenceofBRI. B.Herunusualencounters.C.Herdetailedpreparations. D.Thedistanceofthejourney.7.WhydidViennasaythatinthelastparagraph?A.Toinspiretheold. B.TopraiseMarcoPolo.C.Tohighlightherstatus. D.Topopularizeherjourney.【答案】4.D5.D6.A7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了受马可·波罗启发，意大利人女性Vienna从威尼斯出发重走古丝绸之路的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Asthefirstwomantoattemptretracingtheroute,Viennahopestobuildabridgeoffriendshipamongpeoplefromdifferentcountriesthroughherefforts.(作为第一个尝试重走这条路线的女性，Vienna希望通过自己的努力，在不同国家的人民之间架起一座友谊的桥梁)”可知，Vienna进行这次旅行是想帮助不同国家的人建立友谊，即促进跨文化交流。故选D项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“In2018,thethoughtoffollowingthefootstepsofMarcoPoloinspiredhertomapoutajourneycovering22,000kilometersfromVenicetoBeijing,passingthrough15countriesinthreetofouryears.(2018年，追随马可·波罗足迹的想法激发了她的灵感，她计划在三到四年的时间里，从威尼斯到北京，途经15个国家，全程2.2万公里)”可知，Vienna之所以计划从威尼斯到北京的旅行，是因为想要重温古代丝绸之路。故选D项。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中Vienna所说的话“Thejourneyismorethanjustapersonalchallenge.(这段旅程不仅仅是个人的挑战)”、“ItisamissiontowitnessfirsthandtheimpactofChina’sBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)andtosharetheexperienceswiththeworld(见证中国“一带一路”倡议的影响，与世界分享这份经验，是一种使命)”和“Ihaveseenthebridges,highways,andrailwaysbuiltundertheBRI,whichconnectcountriesinawaythatechoestheSilkRoad’shistoricroleinfacilitatingtradeandculturalexchange.(“我看到了在‘一带一路’倡议下修建的桥梁、公路和铁路，它们以一种与丝绸之路在促进贸易和文化交流方面的历史作用相呼应的方式将各国连接起来)”可知，本段主要从Vienna的角度讲述了“一带一路”倡议带来的巨大影响。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Vienna所说的话“IwantpeopletoknowaboutMarcoPoloandtheSilkRoad,butIalsowanttosendamessagetowomenofmyage—it’snevertoolatetopursueyourdreams.(我想让人们了解马可·波罗和丝绸之路，但我也想向我这个年龄的女性传递一个信息——追求梦想永远不会太晚)”可知，Vienna想告诉与自己同龄的老年女性要敢于追求梦想。由此可知，她说的话是为了激励老年人。故选A项。CDowomenmakebetterdoctorsthanmen?Indatafromahostofdifferentcountries,patientsseenbyfemaledoctorsseemtodobetterthanthoseseenbymaleones.Thereasons,however,remainuncertain.Oneofthefirststudiestoexaminetheissuewaspublishedin2017byYusukeTsugawaofHarvardMedicalSchool,andcolleaguesbasedinBoston.Theauthorsanalysedthemedicalrecordsofaround1.5molderadultswhohadbeenhospitalisedinAmericabetween2011and2014.Theyfoundthatpatientswhoseprimarytreatmenthadbeenperformedbyafemaledoctorwereroughly4%lesslikelytodie,and4%lesslikelytobereadmittedtohospitalinthefollowing30days,thanthosewhoseprimarydoctorwasaman.Laterin2017anotherstudyfoundsimilartrends.Onedrawbackwiththestudiesisthattheyalllookbackatnaturallyoccurringdataratherthanrandomisedcontrolledexperiments.“Thiscouldhideanyunderlyingfactorswhichmightbereallydrivingtheeffect,”saysGavinStewart,anexpertatNewcastleUniversity.“Itcouldbe,forexample,thatfemaledoctorstendtobeassignedhealthierpatientsthantheirmalecolleagues.”Tocontrolsucheffects,studiesbyDrChristopherWallis,anexpertinthisfield,trytoaccountfortheimpactofdifferenthospitalsandproceduresintheiranalysis.Howeverthedataaresliced,femaledoctorsseemtodobetter.DrChristopherWallissays,“Ithinkit’saseriesofbehaviorsthatarelinkedwithgender(性别).”Pastresearchhasfoundthatfemaledoctorstendtospendmoretimewithpatients,aremorelikelytoprovidepreventivecareandtendtostickmorecloselytoclinicalguidelinesthantheirmalecolleaguesdo.Femalepatientsalsoreportbettermunicationandstrongerrelationshipwithfemaledoctors.Whateverthegenderoftheirphysician,though,femalepatientsseemtorespondbettertomedicalcarethanmalepatientsdo.Understandingwhysuchdifferenceswillhelpalldoctorsimprovetheirpractice.Forallthegoodthatcuttingedgemedicalequipmentandnewdrugscando,aphysician’sjudgmentduringmedicalcareseemstobeasimportantasever.8.WhatmedicalrecordsdoesYusuke’sstudyprobablyfocuson?A.Thedurationoftreatment. B.Hospitalstaff’sperformance.C.Medicalsystem’sevaluations. D.Patients’postoperationcondition.9.What’sthelimitationofpreviousstudies?A.Limitedfigures. B.Poorequipment.C.Generalanalysis. D.Healthierpatients.10.WhydofemaledoctorsdobetteraccordingtoChristopherWallis’study?A.Theyaremoredevotedtomedicalcare. B.Theyconductmoreclinicalexperiments.C.Theyaremoreskilfulinmunication. D.Theyhavemoreoperationalexperiences.11.Whatwillcontributetodoctors’betterpracticeprobably?AHighqualitydrugs. B.Advancedtechnology.C.Doctorpatientinteraction. D.Detailedmedicalguidelines.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了女性医生在医疗效果上优于男性医生的原因——女性医生更专注于医疗护理，能够提供更加细致的临床指导。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Theauthorsanalysedthemedicalrecordsofaround1.5molderadultswhohadbeenhospitalisedinAmericabetween2011and2014.Theyfoundthatpatientswhoseprimarytreatmenthadbeenperformedbyafemaledoctorwereroughly4%lesslikelytodie,and4%lesslikelytobereadmittedtohospitalinthefollowing30days,thanthosewhoseprimarydoctorwasaman.(作者分析了2011年至2014年间在美国住院的约150万老年人的医疗记录。他们发现，与主要由男性医生进行治疗的患者相比，主要由女性医生进行治疗的患者的死亡率约低4%，在接下来的30天内再次入院的可能性低4%)”可知，Yusuke研究了这些患者的医疗记录，其发现与患者的死亡率、一个月内再次入院的可能性相关。由此可知，这项研究关注的是医疗记录中患者的术后情况。故选D项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Onedrawbackwiththestudiesisthattheyalllookbackatnaturallyoccurringdataratherthanrandomisedcontrolledexperiments.(这些研究的一个缺点是，它们都是回顾自然发生的数据，而不是随机对照实验)”可知，以往研究的方法存在问题，仅关注自然发生的数据，未进行严格的实验控制。因此，其缺陷在于只做了一般性的分析。故选C项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Pastresearchhasfoundthatfemaledoctorstendtospendmoretimewithpatients,aremorelikelytoprovidepreventivecareandtendtostickmorecloselytoclinicalguidelinesthantheirmalecolleaguesdo.(过去的研究发现，女医生往往花更多的时间与病人在一起，更有可能提供预防性护理，而且往往比男同事更严格地遵守临床指导方针)”可知，ChristopherWallis的研究发现，女医生做得更好是因为她们更专注于医疗护理。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Forallthegoodthatcuttingedgemedicalequipmentandnewdrugscando,aphysician’sjudgmentduringmedicalcareseemstobeasimportantasever.(尽管尖端的医疗设备和新药能带来很多好处，但医生在医疗过程中的判断似乎和以往一样重要)”可推知，医患之间的交流可能有助于医生更好地执业。故选C项。DThesensationofanxietyisuniversal,butthehumanbody’sconsistentresponsetoanxietyactuallymaskstwodifferentkinds.Thefirst—growthanxiety—occursinresponsetochallengesthatareunfortablebutmanageable.Thesecond—toxicanxiety—arisesfromsituationsthatgobeyondone’sabilitytodealwith.Growthandtoxicanxietyhavemarkedlydifferenteffectsonourbrainandbody.Overthepastdecade,anxietyhasdevelopedareputationforruininghealth.Andmanypeopletrytoescapeitthroughmedication.Ingeneral,however,one’sperformanceunderpressurefollowsaninvertedUturn:Asstressgoesup,performancerisestoapeak,thendropsoff.Growthanxietycanpromotehealthandflexibility,muchinthewaythatphysicalexercisecanmakeusfitter.That’slikelybecauseacuteanxietycausesanincreaseintwohormones(荷尔蒙):cortisolandnorepinephrine.Cortisolstimulatesthebodytobemoreenergetic.Meanwhile,norepinephrinemakesyoumorefocused.Shorttermstresscanbebeneficialasalittleamountofcortisolcanstrengthenyourbrainfunctionofmemoryandlearning.Bycontrast,longlastingstressleadstorisinghormoneslevel,increasingone’schancesofdevelopinghealthproblemswhiledamagingbrainfunctions.Stressinresponsetoanongoingthreatisoneformoftoxicanxiety;anotheroccursinpeoplewithsocialanxietydisorderorgeneralizedanxietydisorder.Thosewithsuchoversensitivethreatdetectionprobablyhadalegupinaprehistoricworldfullofthreats,butinamodernone,suchstressisusuallypoorlyadapted—exceptintherarecaseswhenmodernlifepresentstruethreats,whichmanypeopleunderreactto.Formostpeople,however,turningtoxicanxietyintogrowthanxietyiswithinyourpower.Eachofushasadifferentsensitivitytostress.Thesamechallenge,suchasgivingapublicpresentation,couldbeterrifyingforonepersonandexcitingforanother.Butnomatteryourstresstolerance,evensmallinterventions—likegettingsufficientsleepandexercise—canhelppreventyoufromslidingdowntheinvertedUturn.Weshouldn’tfeargrowthanxietyanymorethanwedothesorenessthateswithahealthyworkout.Bothcanbeunfortablebutmakeusstrongerinthelongrun.12.Whatmakesgrowthanxietydifferentfromtoxicanxiety?A.Itssensorystimulation. B.Itshigherlevelofhormones.C.Itspositiveinfluencesonhealth. D.Itsoccurrenceinchallengingsituations.13.Howistoxicanxiety?A.Momentaryandadaptable. B.Continuousanddestructive.C.fortableandcontrollable. D.Changeableandunpredictable.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“hadalegup”inParagraph4mean?A.Developedaskill. B.Hadanadvantage.C.Tookanactivepart. D.Contributedtoacause.15.What’sauthor’ssuggestiononkeepingperformingwell?A.Setasidesometimetorelax. B.Avoidtakingdemandingtasks.C.Shouldermoreresponsibilities. D.Improvestresstoleranceability.【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了两种不同类型焦虑——成长焦虑和有害焦虑，以及它们对健康和表现的影响。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Growthandtoxicanxietyhavemarkedlydifferenteffectsonourbrainandbody.(成长焦虑和有害焦虑对我们的大脑和身体有明显不同的影响)”、第三段中“Growthanxietycanpromotehealthandflexibility,muchinthewaythatphysicalexercisecanmakeusfitter.(成长焦虑可以促进健康和灵活性，就像体育锻炼可以使我们更健康一样)”和“Bycontrast,longlastingstressleadstorisinghormoneslevel,increasingone’schancesofdevelopinghealthproblemswhiledamagingbrainfunctions.(相比之下，长期的压力会导致激素水平上升，增加患健康问题的机会，同时损害大脑功能)”可知，成长焦虑对健康有积极影响，而有害焦虑则可能导致健康问题。因此，使成长焦虑与有害焦虑不同的是它对健康的积极影响。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Bycontrast,longlastingstressleadstorisinghormoneslevel,increasingone’schancesofdevelopinghealthproblemswhiledamagingbrainfunctions.(相比之下，长期的压力会导致激素水平上升，增加患健康问题的机会，同时损害大脑功能)”和第四段中“Stressinresponsetoanongoingthreatisoneformoftoxicanxiety(对持续威胁的应激反应是有害焦虑的一种形式)”可推知，有害焦虑是持续的，并且通常具有破坏性。故选B项。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Thosewithsuchoversensitivethreatdetectionprobablyhadalegupinaprehistoricworldfullofthreats,butinamodernone,suchstressisusuallypoorlyadapted(那些具有这种过度敏感的威胁检测能力的人在充满威胁的史前世界中可能hadalegup，但在现代世界中，这种压力通常很难适应)”中“butinamodernone,suchstressisusuallypoorlyadapted”可知，上下文有转折关系，下文说具有过度敏感的威胁检测能力的人很难适应现代世界，由此推知，在史前世界他们可能具有某种优势，上下文构成转折关系。hadalegup意为“有优势”，与Hadanadvantage同义。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butnomatteryourstresstolerance,evensmallinterventions—likegettingsufficientsleepandexercise—canhelppreventyoufromslidingdowntheinvertedUturn.(但无论你的压力承受能力如何，即使是小的干预——比如充足的睡眠和锻炼——也可以帮助你避免在倒U形曲线上下滑)”可知，作者建议通过小的干预措施，如充足的睡眠和锻炼，来保持良好的表现。这些措施实际上是在建议人们留出一些时间来放松和恢复，以提高应对压力的能力。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifthere’sonethingoneabsolutelyneverwanttoseeinanyrestaurants,it’sarat.Whenpresentinfoodpreparationareas,ratscaneasilycreateahealthandsafetydisasterseriousenoughtocloseyourrestaurantdown.____16____.Ratsofteneindoorslookingforfood.____17____Inspectyourkitcheneverynightbeforeclosingtoensurethattherearenoleftovers.Allfooditemsshouldbesealedinairtightcontainersandstoredcorrectly.Oneortworatscanbeswiftlydealtwith.____18____Theymultiplyquicklyifnottakencareofstraightaway.Tonipanyinvaders(入侵者)inthebud,bealerttosignsofrats:ratdroppings,chewedwood,paper,orfoodpackaginganddamagedfoodstores.Ifyouspotanyoftheabovesigns,takeimmediateactionandplaceafewrattrapsnearby.Foodleftoversandoutofdatefoodmakeupthemajorityofwasteproducedbyrestaurantkitchens.Thesmellfromanoverflowingtrashcanbringeveryratwithina5mileradius(半径)toyourdoor.____19____Forexample,allfoodleftoversshouldbedealtwithimmediatelyandwrappedupsecurely,andtrashcansshouldbeemptiedregularlythroughoutthecourseoftheday.____20____Youcanhelptokeepratswellawaybykeepingtheoutsideofyourestablishmentclear.Thismeansdisbranchinganyovergrownplants,andclearingawayanystoringgarbageatleast20feetawayfromthebuilding.A.However,ratscanreproducethroughouttheyear.B.Cutdowntalltreesandcleargarbagecansfrequently.C.So,howtokeepyourrestaurantfreefromfurryinvaders?D.Anessentialstepis,therefore,properfoodhandlingandstorage.E.Makeafirmsetofruleswithregardstogarbageandsticktothem.F.Thickplantsandboxesleftoutbackcanencourageratstonestnearby.G.Successfullykeepyourrestaurantfreefromratsrequiresagroupeffort.【答案】16.C17.D18.A19.E20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了餐厅防范老鼠的一些具体方法。【16题详解】前文“Ifthere’sonethingoneabsolutelyneverwanttoseeinanyrestaurants,it’sarat.Whenpresentinfoodpreparationareas,ratscaneasilycreateahealthandsafetydisasterseriousenoughtocloseyourrestaurantdown.(如果有一种东西是人们绝对不想在任何餐馆看到的，那就是老鼠。当老鼠出现在食物准备区域时，很容易造成健康和安全灾难，严重到足以关闭你的餐馆)”提到人们不想在餐馆见到老鼠，老鼠的出现会带来严重的后果，后文给出了具体的防范老鼠的方法，因此C项“So,howtokeepyourrestaurantfreefromfurryinvaders?(那么，如何让你的餐厅远离毛茸茸的入侵者呢)”符合语境，提出餐厅防范老鼠的方法问题，承前启后，其中的yourrestaurant在前文有同词复现，furryinvaders指代前文的rats。故选C。【17题详解】前文“Ratsofteneindoorslookingforfood.(老鼠经常到室内寻找食物)”提到老鼠出现在餐厅内的原因，后文“Inspectyourkitcheneverynightbeforeclosingtoensurethattherearenoleftovers.Allfooditemsshouldbesealedinairtightcontainersandstoredcorrectly.(每晚打烊前检查厨房，确保没有剩菜剩饭。所有食物应密封于密闭容器内，并妥善存放)”给出具体的处理和储存食物的方法，因此D项“Anessentialstepis,therefore,properfoodhandlingandstorage.(因此，重要的一步是正确处理和储存食物)”符合语境，指出要正确处理和储存食物，和前文是因果关系，后文是对其具体说明。故选D。【18题详解】前文“Oneortworatscanbeswiftlydealtwith.(一两只老鼠可以很快处理)”提到少量老鼠不构成威胁，后文“Theymultiplyquicklyifnottakencareofstraightaway.(如果不及时处理，它们会迅速繁殖)”提醒要防范老鼠快速繁殖，因此A项“However,ratscanreproducethroughouttheyear.(然而，老鼠可以全年繁殖)”符合语境，提到老鼠全年繁殖，和前文构成转折，引出后文的提醒。故选A。【19题详解】前文“Foodleftoversandoutofdatefoodmakeupthemajorityofwasteproducedbyrestaurantkitchens.Thesmellfromanoverflowingtrashcanbringeveryratwithina5mileradius(半径)toyourdoor.(剩饭剩菜和过期食物构成了餐馆厨房产生的大部分垃圾。满溢的垃圾散发出来的气味会把方圆5英里内的老鼠都招来)”指出餐厅产生的垃圾会招来老鼠的问题，后文“Forexample,allfoodleftoversshouldbedealtwithimmediatelyandwrappedupsecurely,andtrashcansshouldbeemptiedregularlythroughoutthecourseoftheday.(例如，所有的剩饭剩菜都应该立即处理并安全包装，垃圾桶应该在一天中定期清空)”举例说明应如何处理这些垃圾，因此E项“Makeafirmsetofruleswithregardstogarbageandsticktothem.(制定一套关于垃圾的严格规则，并坚持执行)”符合语境，建议要执行严格的垃圾处理规则，是应对前文问题的方法，后文是对其进行例证。故选E。【20题详解】后文“Youcanhelptokeepratswellawaybykeepingtheoutsideofyourestablishmentclear.Thismeansdisbranchinganyovergrownplants,andclearingawayanystoringgarbageatleast20feetawayfromthebuilding.(你可以通过保持房子外面的整洁来帮助赶走老鼠。这意味着要清除任何杂草丛生的植物，并清理离建筑物至少20英尺远的任何储存垃圾)”主要建议清除屋外混乱的植物和储存垃圾，以保持整洁，因此F项“Thickplantsandboxesleftoutbackcanencourageratstonestnearby.(茂密的植物和放置在屋后的盒子会促使老鼠在附近造窝)”符合语境，指出屋外的植物和盒子容易招引老鼠，引出后文的建议。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItwasawarmsummerafternoonattheJerseyshore.MyfouryearoldsonandIjustlovedwalkingalongthe____21____justbeforedinner.Onthisparticularday,theredidn’tseemtobetoomanyshells____22____upontheshore.Willbegan____23____whatevershellshesawlyinginthesand.“Will,”Isaid,“Youneedtofindshellslikethis.”IcontinuedasIheldupa____24____shapedshell.Willgavemea____25____lookandcontinuedonhisway.“Will,whydoyou____26____fillingourbucketwithshellsthatarebroken?”Igotalittleangry.Hereplied,“Mom,therearemoreshellsonthebeachthatarebrokenthantheonesthatyouare____27____for.We’llgetthebucketfilled____28____withthebrokenones.”True,Ithought,butwhowantsabucketfulofbrokenshells?Will____29____measifheknewwhatIwasthinking.“Mom,theseshellsarebroken,buttheyarestill____30____,”headded.Justthenhebeganmentingondifferentshells’____31____.“Ithasthecolorpurpleonit,Mom,noneofyourshavepurpleonthem.It____32____meofaclown.Thisoneislikethesun,and.theseonesarelikebutterflywings,”hesaidwithsuch____33____.Myeyesfilledwithtears,Ireachedmyhandintothebucketandbeganto____34____thefewperfectshellsIhadcollected.WillandIwalkedalongthebeach,collectingonlybrokenshellsinourbucketand____35____theirbeauty.Hiseyessparkedwithjoy,whichIhadneverseen.21.A.beach B.doorway C.path D.forest22.A.ran B.rose C.washed D.cheered23.A.pullingover B.takingon C.callingfor D.pickingup24.A.perfectly B.strangely C.differently D.sandy25.A.disgusted B.contented C.puzzled D.worried26.A.continue B.avoid C.postpone D.admit27.A.hoping B.waiting C.leaving D.searching28.A.more B.faster C.earlier D.better29.A.laughedat B.staredat C.turnedto D.talkedto30.A.useful B.respectful C.mindful D.beautiful31.A.colors B.shapes C.uniqueness D.perfection32.A.cures B.reminds C.convinces D.approves33.A.curiosity B.impression C.pride D.expression34.A.takeout B.turndown C.lookfor D.focuson35.A.painting B.producing C.exchanging D.admiring【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.A25.C26.A27.D28.B29.B30.D31.C32.B33.C34.A35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和儿子在海滩上散步，作者想要完美形状的贝壳，而儿子总是捡起破贝壳，作者一开始有点生气，但是在听了儿子的理由后十分感动。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和四岁的儿子喜欢在晚饭前沿着海滩散步。A.beach海滩；B.doorway门口；C.path道路；D.forest森林。根据上文“ItwasawarmsummerafternoonattheJerseyshore.(这是泽西海岸一个温暖的夏日午后)”可知，儿子沿着海滩散步。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个特殊的日子里，似乎没有太多的贝壳被冲上岸。A.ran奔跑；B.rose上升；C.washed冲刷，洗涤；D.cheered欢呼。根据后文“upontheshore”指贝壳被冲上海岸。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：威尔开始捡起他在沙滩上看到的贝壳。A.pullingover靠边停车；B.takingon承担；C.callingfor要求；D.pickingup捡起。根据后文“whatevershellshesawlyinginthesand”指威尔捡起贝壳。故选D。【24题详解】考查副词/形容词词义辨析。句意：我继续说，手里拿着一个形状完美的贝壳。A.perfectly完美地；B.strangely奇怪地；C.differently不同地；D.sandy沙地的。根据后文“fillingourbucketwithshellsthatarebroken”可知，作者教儿子捡起形状完美的贝壳，而不是破的。故选A。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：威尔不解地看了我一眼，继续走他的路。A.disgusted厌恶的；B.contented满意的；C.puzzled困惑的；D.worried担心的。根据后文“Mom,therearemoreshellsonthebeachthatarebrokenthantheonesthatyouare”可知，威尔没有理解作者要完美贝壳的做法，继续捡起破贝壳。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“威尔，你为什么一直往我们的桶里装破贝壳？”A.continue继续；B.avoid避免；C.postpone推迟；D.admit承认。根据后文“fillingourbucketwithshellsthatarebroken”可知，儿子继续捡起破贝壳，应用continue表示“继续”。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回答说：“妈妈，海滩上破碎的贝壳比你在找的要多。”A.hoping希望；B.waiting等待；C.leaving离开；D.searching搜索。根据上文“Youneedtofindshellslikethis.”此处指找贝壳，为短语searchfor。故选