全国卷高考语法专题虚拟语气

高考英语语法专题虚拟语气一虚拟语气概述陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.Wereyoubusyalldayyesterday?祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：Neverbelateagain!Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight.虚拟语气：______________________________________________________________如：IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.条件句分为真实条件句与非真实条件句。虚拟语气属于非真实条件真实条件表示现实情况中可能实现的情况；而非真实条件表示与现实情况相反的假想。1.Iftheworkingconditionsarenottoobad,Iwillacceptthejob.如果工作条件不太差，我会接受这项工作。(真实条件)2.Iftheworkingconditionswerenottoobad,Iwouldacceptthejob.如果工作条件不太差，我就接受这项工作了。(非真实条件)3.Hesaidifhefailed,hewouldhaveanothertry.他说他如果失败，他还会再试一次。(真实条件)4.Ifhehadfailed,hewouldhavehadanothertry.如果他失败的话，他会再试一次的。(非真实条件)二陕西高考真题再现1（2015陕西高考23题）Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishI_________aswellasher.A.danceB.willdanceC.haddancedD.danced2（2014·陕西高考23题）Wewouldratherourdaughter________athomewithus，butitisherchoice，andsheisnotachildanylonger.A.wouldstay B.hasstayed C.stayedD.stay3(2013·陕西高考12题)Mymomsuggeststhatwe_____eatoutforachangethisweekend.A.shouldB.mightC.couldD.would4(2012陕西高考17题).Ifmycar_________morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe5(2011陕西高考22题).I__________throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone6(2010陕西高考15题)Ifwe___theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken三虚拟语气考点精讲一非真实条件句1.if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气类别用法例句If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitweren’tsnowing,wewouldn’tstayinthehouse.（事实上现在下雪）Ifhehurried,hecouldcatchthefirstbus.Ifitweren’tforyourhelp,wewouldgetintotrouble.与过去事实相反从句动词：had+过去分词主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.IfBobhadcomewithus,hewouldhavehadagoodtime.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavemadesuchamistake.

与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.Wewouldstayathomeifitshouldraintomorrow.IfIweretodotheexaminationIwoulddoitsomeotherway.【活学巧用】IfIweretodoit,I_______itinadifferentway.A.shalldoB.willdoC.woulddoD.havedone2.Ifyouaskedyourfather,you________permission.A.maygetB.mightgetC.shouldhavegotD.maybeget3.Ifhe_____myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow4.Ifwe______theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken5.---Johnwenttothehospitalalone.---Ifhe_______meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold6.MaybeifI_______science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying混合虚拟结构(1)不同时间的虚拟Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反）(2)虚拟与陈述的混合Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.【活学巧用】1.Thetreelookedasifit______foralongtime.A.hasn'twateredB.didn'twaterC.hadn'tbeenwatered D.wasn'twatered2.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI______inloveattheageofseven,withMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall二含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句不出现if，假想条件只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?如没有你，我会怎么办呢？Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.这样做会比较容易。Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime.谢谢你给我一点时间吧。1.without/butfor/intheabsenceof表示“要不是”，“如果没有”(相当于ifitwerenotfor)表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn'tfinishmyworkontime.Intheabsenceofwaterandair,nothingcouldlive.Butforyourassistance,wecouldnotaccomplishit.要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。2.句中含有or,orelse,otherwise,but等词语，暗示句子的某一部分(前句或后句)需用虚拟语气。HewasonbusinessinBeijingatthattime;otherwisehemighthavehelpedus.LuckilyMarytelephonedtoinformmeofthemeeting,orIwouldhavebeenabsent.Ishouldhaveattendedmyfriend’sweddingceremony,butIcouldn’taffordthetime.【活学巧用】ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I_______thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewonI_______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecomeI______throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone---Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.---I______it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattendedButfortheirhelp,we_______theprogramintime.cannotfinishB.willnotfinishC.hadnotfinishD.couldnothavefinishedThankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe______itwithoutyou.canmanageB.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanageD.canhavemanagedWithoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday’sadvancedtechnology_____.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachievedC.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved三非真实条件句倒装省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。1.Ifhehadseenyouyesterday，hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.→Hadheseenyouyesterday，hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.2.IfIwereyou，Iwoulddoitatonce.→WereIyou，Iwoulddoitatonce.3.Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.4.WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你，就不做这事。5.Hadhehadlunch(Ifhehadhadlunch),hewouldnothaveeatensomanycookies.【活学巧用】HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy_____.WouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved______Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.wasB.hadbeenC.willbeD.were四宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.下列动词后的宾语从句中insist(坚持)，urge(催促)，order(命令)，command(命令)，request(请求，要求)，demand(要求)，require(要求，需要)suggest(建议)，advise(建议)，propose(建议),recommend(建议，推荐)用(should)+动词原形Hesuggestedthatwe(should)savemoneyforthefuture.Theundergraduateinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth.※注意：当suggest表示暗示，insist表示坚持观点，事实时，后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoeswelltopeople’shealth.2.wish后接that宾语从句表示一种假想情况，实现可能性较小(1)对现在情况的虚拟，假想的情况与主句主语的愿望同时发生：宾语从句动词用过去式，谓语be用were。例：IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.我希望知道这个答案。Iwishitwerespringinmyhometownalltheyeararound.但愿我的家乡四季如春。NowthatheisinChina,hewishesheunderstoodChinese.现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(2)假想的情况在主句主语愿望前发生：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，例：IwishIhadn'twastedsomuchtime.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。Hewisheshehadn'tlostthechance.他真希望没有失去机会。Wewishedhehadspokentous.(3)假想的情况在主句主语愿望之后发生：从句谓语动词用would+原形动词Iwishitwouldstopraining.我希望雨能停止Iwishyouwouldbequiet.我希望你安静一些。Youwishedshewouldarrivethenextday.你希望她第二天会到。Iwishshewouldchangehermind.我希望她会改变主意。【活学巧用】1.IwishI______longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.slept C.mighthavesleptD.haveslept2.---Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.---Iwishthey_____alwayslate.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen3.Teachersrecommendparents_____theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow4.Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou______swimaftereatingalargemeal.A.wouldn’tB.couldn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t5.HowIwishI______tomyparents’advice.A.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistened6.Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay_____by20percent.A.beraisedB.wouldberaisedC.raisedD.raise五主语从句中的虚拟语气1.Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that从句(should)doItisproposedthatmorestudentsshouldgotouniversity.2.Itisnatural/necessary/strange+that从句(should)do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。It’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.（表竟然）Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.（表理应如此）Itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.(表惊讶、不满)例题分析：Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios______after11o'clockatnight.A.werenotplayedB.notbeplayed C.nottoplayD.didnotplay3.IItishightimethat+从句=Itistimethat+从句，该是...的时候了，后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。Itis(high/about)timewewenthome.Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.

Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.六其他名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.Myadvice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+is+表语从句(should)doMyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.Theorderfromthecommanderwasthatthetroopsshouldsetoffforthefrontimmediately.2.Hissuggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位语从句(should)do+is..Therequestthattheyshouldgetmoreisreasonable.注意：在一些名词性从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或“should+havedone”，表示惊讶、意志等感情色彩，译为“竟然，居然”。Iamsurprised/shockedthatyoushouldspeakinsuchaway。Ifinditastonishingthatheshouldbesorudetohismum。Itisstrange/surprisingthatsheshouldnothavebeeninvited。Iamgladthatyourstoryshouldhavewonthefirstprize。七其他句式中的虚拟语气1.wouldrather+从句，常用过去时did表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时haddone表示与过去事实相反的愿望。Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldherthenews.Franklyspeaking,Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.Themanagerisn’tavailabletoday.Iwouldratheryouhadgonetothepartywithmelastnight.Itwasreallywonderful.【活学巧用】1.“ShallIcometomorrow?”“I’dratheryou_________.”A.won’t

B.didn’t

C.don’t

D.wouldn’t2.“I’vetoldhimaboutit.”“ButI’dratheryou_________.”A.didn’t

B.hadn’t

C.don’t

D.wouldn’t3.“Hewilltakeyouaswell.”“ButI’dratherhe_________.”A.won’t

B.didn’t

C.doesn’t

D.wouldn’t4.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryou_____anythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.A.doB.don’tC.didn’tD.didn’tdo2.Ifonly+从句同样表示假想，意为“要是…就好了”，相当于wish(过去式-与现在相反)/(would+动词原形-与将来相反)/(过去完成时-与过去相反)Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她没走就好了!Ifonlyhewouldcometomorrow!IfonlyIhadtakenheradvice!注意：onlyif是“只要”的意思，从句中用陈述语气【活学巧用】1.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI____youradvice.A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowD.havefollowed2.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI______youradvice.A.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.havefollowed3.asif/though+从句表示说话人假想的情况，用法同wish(过去式-与现在相反)/(would+动词原形-与将来相反)/(过去完成时-与过去相反)Hefeltasifhealonewereresponsibleforwhathadhappened.他感到仿佛唯独他要对发生的一切负责。Theoldmanlookedatthepicture,hefeltasthoughhehadgonebacktotime20yearsago.Theytalkedandtalkedasiftheywouldnevermeetagain.他们谈了又谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。【活学巧用】hespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhe______aChinese.A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen2.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughhe______awayforages.A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen4.lest,forfearthat,inorderthat及incase引导的目的状语从句，其谓语动词多由should＋动词原形构成，should可省略Hewaspunishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain．他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。【活学巧用】1.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe_____himself.A.injure B.injuredC.hadinjureD.wouldinjure四虚拟语气题组训练1.---I’msorry.I_______atyoutheotherday.

---Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.

A.shouldn’tshoutB.shouldn’thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshout D.mustn’thaveshouted2.Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe____itwithoutyou.A.canmanage

B.couldhavemanaged

C.couldmanage

D.canhavemanaged3.____hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.A.If

B.SinceC.Though

D.When4.---Ifthetraffichadn’tbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6o’clock.

---Whatapity!Tina____heretoseeyou.

A.is

B.was

C.wouldbe

D.hasbeen5.Hesuggestedthattheperson____tobepunished.A.refers

B.refer

C.shouldrefer

D.referred6.---Doyouthinkthethiefenteredtheroomthroughthebackdoor?

---No,ifhehad,Idon’tbelievehe____theliving-roomwindow.A.wouldbreak

B.broke

C.wouldhavebroken

D.breaks7.---____hecometoseeyouashepromised?

---Ofcourse,please,andI’dratherhe____methetruth.

A.Will;informed

B.Shall;told

C.Should;willtell

D.Can;tell8.IforgetwhereIreadthearticle,orI________ittoyounow.A.willshow

B.wouldshow

C.amgoingtoshow

D.amshowing9.“Itlooksasifheweredrunk.”“Soitdoes._________.”A.He’dbettergiveupdrinking B.Heshouldn’thavedrunksomuch

C.Healthismoreimportantthandrink D.Iwonderwhyheisalwaysdoingso10.“Marylookshotanddry”“So_________youifyouhadsohighafever.”A.doB.areC.will D.would11.“Hewillcometomorrow.”“ButI’dratherhe_________thedayaftertomorrow.”A.willcomeB.iscomingC.cameD.hadcome12.Allthedoctorsinthehospitalinsistedthathe________badlywoundedandthathe________atonce.A.shouldbe;beoperatedonB.were;mustbeoperatedonC.was;shouldbeoperatedD.was;beoperatedon13._________smoking,hewouldnothavegotcancerinthelung.A.Washegivenup B.HadhegivenupC.Didhegive D.Ifhegaveup14.—Whydidn’tyoucometoMike'sbirthdaypartyyesterday?—Well,I________,butIforgotit.A.shouldhaveB.mustC.should D.musthave15.Itogoforawalk,butsomeonecalledandIcouldn’tgetway.A.wasplanningB.hadplannedC.plannedD.wouldplan16.Iwouldlike_______youtomybirthdayparty,butIwasbusyandforgottocallyou.A.toinviteB.invitingC.tohaveinvited D.havinginvited17.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he______ourchairmannow.A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeen C.wereD.wouldbe18.______theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.Becauseof D.Asfor19.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun________roundtheearth.A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscircling D.becircling20.Hadheworkedharder,he_____theexams.A.musthavegotthroughB.wouldhavegotthroughC.wouldgetthroughD.couldgetthrough21.I'dratheryou_____bytrain,becauseIcan'tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.A.wouldgoB.shouldgoC.wentD.hadgone22._____forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.A.HaditnotbeenB.WereitnotC.BeitnotD.Shoulditnotbe

23.Weareallforyourproposalthatdiscussion_____.A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoff24.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!ifonlyI____youradvice.A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowD.havefollowed25.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday’sadvancedtechnology______.A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachievedC.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved26.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryou______anythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.A.doB.don’t C.didn’t D.didn’tdo27.Asusual,heputonashowasthoughhistrip______agreatsuccess.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wereD.was28.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughhe______awayforages.A．hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen29.Jeandoesn'twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe______ajobsheprobablywouldn'tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.A.hastogetB.hadgotC.weretogetD.couldhavegot30.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You____homewithoutaword.A.mustn’tleave

B.shouldn’thaveleft

C.couldn’thaveleft

D.needn’tleave四高考真题训练1（2015·重庆高考）13.ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI________it?A.haddoneB.havedone C.did D.amdoing2（2015·北京高考）34.We________backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.A.are B.were C.willbe D.wouldbe3（2015·湖南高考）22.IfMr.Dewey________present，hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.A.were B.hadbeen C.shouldbe D.was4（2015·天津高考）15.________themorningtrain，hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.A.Didhecatch B.Shouldhecatch C.HashecaughtD.Hadhecaught5（2014·福建高考）32.________nomoderntelecommunications，wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.A.Werethere B.Hadtherebeen C.Ifthereare D.Iftherehavebeen6（2015·浙江高考）16.Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation，orthey________toourhelp.A.wouldhavecome B.couldcome C.havecome D.hadcome7（2015·安徽高考）30.Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichthey________awayinthepast.A.hadthrown B.