考博英语语法重点总结

考博英语语法重点总结（1）独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装

独立主格特征

1.充当句子的状语。

2.有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。

3.名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+分词

4.With+名词（代词）+分词(形容词）

例：a)Itbeingraining,Idecidedtostayathome.

b)Speechhavingbeendelivered,discussionstarted.

c)heenteredtheroom,withhishandsopen（holdingarifle).

真题剖析

(1995)45cliffsnolongercrumbling,thebeachesare46ofthematerialwhichwould47feedthem.

45.A.For

B.As

C.With

D.Because

练习：

Dowhatyouneedtodotokeepthewolf__7__fromthedoor,theworld__8__yourthesisadviser,teamleader,orlaboratorydirector.Thenusetherestofyourtime,perhapsatnightorontheweekends,todo__9__youreallywanttodo.

8.A.is

B.having

C.being

D.be

虚拟语气

虚拟语气（2）

1.（should）+动词原形

It+be动词+形容词(-able)(essential,odd,vital,absurd,regrettable,desirable…)+that从句

It+be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句

It+be动词+过去分词(ordered,begged,voted,moved…)+that从句

部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等)+that从句

2.It’s(high,about)timethat+动词过去式

wouldrather+动词过去式

真题剖析

(1997)…Iwouldn’tbetruthfulifI47saythatteachingishardwork.…

47.A.do

B.did

C.don’t

D.didn’t

(1993)…TheCaironewspapersthenextdaycarriedbannerheadlinesaboutthestudentdemonstration52,andthey53thattheprofessorbesenthome.

53.A.ordered

B.pleaded

C.decided

D.demanded

练习：Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimethatwe__15__thismessagetoheart.

15.A.took

B.wouldtake

C.willtake

D.shouldtake

(2003.3)Itisedifying,anditisasourceofinnersatisfactioneven__54__otherfacetsoflifeprovedisappointing.

(evenifotherfacetsoflifeshouldprovedisappointing.)

54.A.shall

B.will

C.would

D.should

非谓语动词

动名词、分词、不定式。

主动或被动。(doing/done,todo/tobedone)

发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/havingdone/havingbeendone,todo/tohavedone/tohavebeen)

To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。

真题剖析

(2000)…IntheinnercitiesofAmerica,newspapersregularlyreportonnewbornogarbagebinsbydrug-addictedmothers.

60.A.dropped

B.todrop

C.dropping

D.drops

(2001.3)Aheroinaddict,forinstance,leadsa59life:hisincreasingneedforheroininincreasingdosespreventshimfromworking,frommaintainingrelationships,fromdevelopinginhumanways.

59.A.destructive

B.dissatisfied

C.damaged

D.derivative

主谓一致

1.整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。

Howyougottheredoesn’tconcernme.

Growingvegetablesneedsconstantwatering.

2.表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。

Eighthundreddollarsisenoughtoliveon.

3.以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics,economics,measles,diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。

4.“分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。

Twothirdsofthevillagesareflooded(theareaisunderwater).

5.不定代词(one,each,everyone,everybody,everything,noone,nobody,nothing,anyone,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,something等)作主语，谓语用单数。

Everyoneknowsthatyou’vecomehere.

Ifanybodywantstoseeme,letthemwaittillIcomeback.(--thing的情况例外)

6.谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（aswellas,with,alongwith,togetherwith,asmuchas,accompaniedby,besides,but,except,inadditionto,like,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan,including等）

HenolessthanJohnisinterestedinliterature.

7.谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,not…but,partly…partly等)

Eithermyfatherormybrothersarecoming.

8.each,every,manya,no…+主语，谓语用单数。

ManyastudentandteacherhasbeentotheGreatWall.

真题剖析

(2000)…MexicoCityalready52twentymillionpeopleandCalcuttatwelvemillion.AccordingtotheWorldBank,53ofAfrica’scitiesaregrowingby10%ayear,54ofurbanizationeverrecorded.

53.A.none

B.few

C.any

D.some

倒装

全部倒装

1.“There(Here)+be+主语”