基础语法-状语从句

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载AdverbialClause时间状语从句：when/while/as/wheneverassoonas/immediately/directly/themoment/nosooner…than/hardly…when/once/till/untileverytime/eachtime/thefirst(second/third)timebefore/after/since原因状语从句:because/as/for/since/nowthat/consideringthatbecauseof/thanksto/dueto/owingto条件状语从句:if/unless/solongas/incase/onconditionthat…地点状语从句:where/wherever让步状语从句:although/though/eventhough/evenifAs引导让步状语从句，倒装。目的状语从句:sothat/inorderthat/forfearthat/incase结果状语从句：sothat/so…that/such…that方式状语从句:as/aslf/as/though比较状语从句:as…as/notso…as/than/themore…themore例句：I.AdverbialClauseofTime.1)Whenhecomesheretomorrow,I'llcallyou.HenryisinchargeoftheofficewhenMr.2)Whilehewaswalkinginthestreet,hemetTim.(分词短语）◆Whilewalkinginthestreet,hemetTim.◆Walkinginthestreet,hemetTom.HelearnedtospeakEnglishwhilehewashere.◆Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.(注意：此处while是连词表示转折)3)Astheywerepickingtea,thegirlsweresinginghappily.Shesangassheworked.注意：as在表示变化、过程时具有特殊意义，译为“一边...一边,随着”，因而在这些情况下只能用as来引导时间装状语从句。如： Astheeconomydevelops,people’slivesarebecomingbetterandbetter.4)Itwon’tbelongbeforehefinisheshiswriting.5)Afterhe(had)finishedhiswork,heleftthere ◆He(had)finishedhisworkbeforehelefthere. ◆Afterfinishinghiswork,helefthere. ◆Havingfinishedhiswork,helefthere.6)Ihaveknownhimeversincehewasaboy.IhaveworkedheresinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.Itis(hasbeen)twoyearssincehecamehere.7)Hewillnotgotobeduntil(till)hismothercomes.Untilshetoldme,Ihadnoideaofwhattheyhadsaid.Itisnotuntilhismothercomeshomethathewillgotobed.(强调结构）8)Assoonasshegothome,shebegantocook.9)Everytime/eachtimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.Therewasanapplausethemoment(assoonas)sheappearedonthestage.10)Bythetimehearrived,thetrainhadalreadygone.Bythetimehecomes,wewillalreadyhaveleft.II.AdverbialClausesofReason1)Theshipchangeditscoursebecausetherewasastorm.2)Sinceyouareill,you’dbettergotoseethedoctor.3)AsJanewastheoldestinthisfamily,shehadtolookaftertheothers.4)Nowthatclassisover,let’sgotoplayfootball.5)Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.III.AdverbialClausesofCondition1)Ifyouworkharder,youwillsucceed2)Wecan’twritetoMaryunlessshetellsusheraddress.3)IwillnevergiveuplearningaslongasIlive.4)We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepittidy.(条件是…)5)You’dbettertakeyourraincoatwithyouincaseitrains.（万一,=itshouldrain）IV.AdverbialClausesofPlace1)Whereveryougo,whateveryoudo,Iwillberightherewaitingforyou.2)Iwantyoutoputthegunwhereitusedtobe.V.AdverbialClausesofPurpose1)Theysetoutearlysothat(inorderthat)theymightarrivethereintime.2)Theysetoutearlyforfearthattheymightmissthetrain.3)You’dbettertakeyourraincoatwithyouincaseitrains.（万一）VI.AdverbialClausesofResult1)ItissogoodastorythatI’llneverforgetit.ItissuchagoodstorythatI’llneverforgetit.2)so+many/few+复数名词+thatclausemuch/little+不可数名词◆Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn’tsupporthisfamily.◆heissolittleaboythathecan’tevenspeak.(注意对比little的不同含义)VII.AdverbialClausesofComparison1)Hedoesn’tworksohardasyoudo.2)ThereisasmuchinkinbottleAasinbottleB.3)Themoreyouworry,thelessyou’llsucceed.4)Goldismuchheavierthananyothermetal.VIII.AdverbialClausesofconcession(让步状语从句）1)Although(Though)heisold,heworkshard.2)Eventhough(evenif)yousayso,Idon’tbelieveit.(即使)3)Difficultastheworkis,we’llfinishitontime.Thoughtheworkisdifficult,we’llfinishitontime.4)Whereveryougo,whateveryoudo,Iwillberightherewaitingforyou.IX.AdverbClausesofManner1)YoumusttrytodoasIdid.2)Let’sdoasMrs.Li3)Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.(好像)由as,though引导的特殊让步状语从句结构：在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步的含义，可用as引导让步从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。（though与as一样，也可以用于这种结构），如下面几种情况：1.表语的倒装：Tiredashewas,hestillwentonwithhiswork.OldasIam,Icanstillfight.Tallas/thoughhewas,hecouldn’treachthetopshelf.Difficultthoughthetaskwas,theymanagedtoaccomplishitintime.注意：如果此时表语是单数的可数名词，倒装后应省略冠词，如Boyasheis,heknowsalot.Oldmanthoughhewas,hecouldrunfasterthanayoungman.2.状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very,much等修饰语）MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idonotlikehimasaman.Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesn’twanttobuyit.HardasIstudied,Icouldnotcatchupwiththem.3.谓语动词的倒装：Tryashewould,hecouldnotrememberawordofit.)Tryashemight,hedidn’tpasstheexam.Hatehimaswemay,wemustadmithisgreatness.Searchastheywould,theycouldfindnothingintheroom.PastParticipleusedasAdverbial—过去分词作状语过去分词作状语修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情况，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。1．Confused（表原因）bythestonesflyingatthemfromallsides,theboysranintothebuilding.Separatedatbirth,thetwinsdonotknoweachother.2．Onceseen(表时间),itcanneverbeforgotten.Questionedaboutthemurder,hecametense.3．Given(表条件)morewater,thefishcouldn’tdie.Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.4．Eventhoughdefeated(表让步)again,thescientistdidn’tgiveup.5.Seen(表方式)fromaspaceship,theearthlookslikeabluegreenwhiteball.6．Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followed(表伴随)byherlittledaughter.Heturnedawaydisappointed.连词加分词作状语有时分词可以用连词加以强调。连词while常接现在分词；when接现在分词或过去分词均可；once,if,though,although,evenif,eventhough,unless,than,as(像)等后面只能接过去分词。Whentraveling,youshouldtakecareofyourself.Whentoldofthenews,shegotveryexcited.Don’treachsidewaywhilestandingonaladder.Iwon’tgotothepartyunlessinvited.Iwonderwhyhedidn’tdotheexperimentastoldto.Thoughsurrounded,theydidn’tgiveup.现在分词与过去分词作状语时需要注意的事项：过去分词或现在分词作状语的时候，它的逻辑主语通常应是句子的主语。从山顶上看，这座城市非常美丽。状语从句作状语（从句和主句可以有不同的主语）Ifyouseefromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.Whenyouseefromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.过去分词短语作状语Seenfromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.Seeingfromthehill,youcanseethecityisbeautiful.把水加热到100度，谁就沸腾了。状语从句作状语If/When(itis)heatedto100℃,waterwillboil.(从句与主句的主语一致)If/Whenweheatitto100℃,waterwillboil.(从句与主句的主语不同)过去分词短语作状语Heatedto100℃,waterwillboil.Heatedto100℃,waterboils.(讲述的是自然现象)專項練習：1.Heleftin___ahurry___heforgottolockthedoor.A.such,that B.so,thatC.such,asD.so,when2.Itwas____ahundredpeoplelookedlostinit.A.solargearoomthat B.solargeroomC.asuchlargeroom D.suchlargearoom3.ThePrincipalgottotheplatformandsatdown,____toanswerthequestions.A.preparing B.beingpreparing C.preparedD.toprepare4.---Whydidyoumovethetableoverthere?---____thenewsofa.A.Tomakeroomfor B.ShareroomwithC.Givenroomto D.Savingroomfor5.____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.Tosleep B.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept6.Iprefer____to____.A.todrive,ratherthanbeingdriven B.todrive,bedrivenC.drive,beingdriven D.driving,beingdriven7.“Doyouhaveanything____toyourson?I’mgoingtoBeijing.A.totake B.tobetakenC.takenD.tobring8.Theyadvisedus____tiemachineimmediately.A.tosetaboutmaking B.settingabouttomakeC.settingaboutmaking D.tosetabouttomake9.Speaktohimslowly____hemayunderstandyoubetter.A.since B.sothat C.for D.because10.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only____thefilmstarshadleft.A.totell B.tobetold C.telling D.told11.Withalotofproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settle B.settling C.tosettle D.beingsettled---Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.---Imeant___,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn’tfindheranywhere.A.todo B.to C.doing D.doingsoShecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleaned D.beingcleaned14.YoulikesportsI’dliketoread. A．when B．while C．but D．yet15.weweresinging,theteachercamein. A．Before B．after C．As D．Until16.Iwasabouttoleavemyhousethephonerang. A．while B．when C．as D．after17.Theydidnotstopfightingtherewasnoenemyleft. A．until B．after C．when D．since18.Ihavenotseenhimhewenttocollege. A．when B．before C．as D．since19.Itisfivedayswecamehere. A．when B．before C．as D．since20.Itwasnotlonghegottoknowit. A．when B．before C．after D．until21.Weshallgowearefree. A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．however22.IliveImustservethepeopleheartandsoul. A．When B．Solongas C．Assoonas D．Oncondition23.IwasreadinganovelhewaswatchingTV. A．when B．while C．before D．as24.Putthemedicineyoucaneasilygetit. A．sothat B．where C．which D．there25.WewillgothePartywantsustogo. A．wherever B．there C．totheplace D．which26.thereisawillthereisaway. A．When B．Where C．Whether D．How27.Iamgoingyouwentlastweek. A．where B．wherever C．when D．theplace28.yougo,youshouldbearthemotherlandinyourmind. A．Where B．Wherever C．Whatever D．However29.weatherpermits,we’llhaveanouting. A．For B．Though C．While D．If30.Youwon’tsucceedharder. A．unlessyouwillwork B．unlessyouwork C．unlessyoudon’twork D．ifyouwon’twork31.Iwonderifheus,andIthin