新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点07-非谓语动词与语法填空（原卷版）

考点07非谓语动词（原卷版）【命题趋势】非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。【名师指导】 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。非谓语题的解题总方法如下：1.先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。2.看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号（有时中间没有逗号）；3.看有没有连接词（引导词）。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。4.定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用现在分词；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般用过去分词。5.定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（tohavedone/tohavebeendone/havingdone/Havingbeendone），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（todo/tobedone/doing/beingdone/done）。【重要考向】一、非谓语动词作状语；二、非谓语动词作定语；三、非谓语动词作宾语；四、非谓语动词作宾补；五、非谓语动词作主语和表语；非谓语动词作状语【典例】【2022.1浙江卷语法填空】ButCobbandothersarenowquestioning

thatidea

pushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotelyand59

(change)theirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis.【非谓语动词作状语提分秘籍】 1．不定式作状语表示结果、目的(可与soasto/inorderto替换，但是soasto不可置于句首)或原因(表示原因只用在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等表语形容词后)。 2．分词作状语：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。现在分词作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果;不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only。 3．部分过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动，也不表完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着的)，lost/absorbed/buriedin(沉溺于)，dressedin(穿着)，tiredof(厌烦的)，facedwith(面对着)。【特别提醒】动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语用的形容词easy，hard，difficult，pleasant，good，fit，comfortable等后面作状语，构成“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。基本用法种类形式意义特征功能不定式todo主动、将来作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、状语和补语tobedone被动、将来tobedoing主动、进行tohavedone主动、完成tohavebeendone被动、完成过去分词done被动、完成作表语、状语、定语和补语动词-ingdoing主动、进行作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语(不作目的状语)和补语非谓语动词作定语【典例】【2019全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans______（retire）fromher36-year-oldbusiness.【非谓语动词作定语提分秘籍】1．现在分词作定语现在分词的主动式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。现在分词的被动式作定语与所修饰名词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，表示该动作被动和进行。2．过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系,并表示该动作的被动或完成。3．不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。(2)被修饰的名词是抽象名词时用不定式作定语，常见的抽象名词：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。(3)thefirst，thesecond，thelast，thenext，theonly等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰名词或代词时，常用不定式作定语。Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。WeareinvitedtoapartytobeheldinourclubnextFriday.我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。【方法技巧】非谓语动词作定语是一个非常重要的考点，考生在做此类试题时要从动作发生的时间、动作与主语的主谓或动宾关系上着手去判断.要解答好这类题目可按下列步骤进行:第一步：判断该动词与被修饰的名词之间的关系。若是动宾关系就要用表示被动的非谓语动词(过去分词、动词v.－ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式)，若是主谓关系则用动词v.－ing形式的主动式或动词不定式的主动式。第二步：看动作发生的时间。若表示将来，用不定式；若表示动作正在进行用现在分词;若表示动作已经完成或结束，用过去分词。非谓语动词作宾语【典例】【2022.1浙江卷语法填空】ThatapproachbroughtCobb’sairtravel

lastyeardownby75%,andsheplans65

(continue)thepractice.“Ithasbeenfairlyrewarding.”shesays.”areallypositivechange”【非谓语动词作宾语提分秘籍】1．只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，help，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，want，expect，fail，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，happen等。2．只接v.－ing形式作宾语的动词：admit，avoid，consider，escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feellike，giveup，putoff，objectto，lookforwardto等。3．接不定式与接v.－ing形式有显著区别的动词：(1)trytodo尽力做……；trydoing试着去做……；(2)meantodo打算做……；meandoing意味着……；(3)regrettodo遗憾要去做……；regretdoing后悔做过……；(4)remembertodo记得去做……；rememberdoing记得做过……；(5)forgettodo忘记做过……；forgetdoing忘记做了……。4．动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.－ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。5．介词后一般要接v.－ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。Weagreedtomeetherebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。Whatapoormemory！Iforgotborrowingmoneyfromhimyesterday.ButtodayIforgottoreturnthemoneytohim.多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。非谓语动词作宾补【典例】【2020全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】Theymakegreatgiftandyouseethemmanytimes______(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.【非谓语动词作宾补提分秘籍】1．现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，并且现在分词作宾补强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，look，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewindingitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。Hehadthelightburningallnight，whichmadehisparentsveryangry.他让灯亮了整晚，这使他父母很生气。It’swrongtoleavethecomputerworking.让电脑一直开着是不对的。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.对不起让你久等了。Ifoundanumberofpeoplealreadyworkingthere.我发现很多人已经在那儿工作了。2．过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，look，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。Whenwesawtheroadblockedwithsnow，wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。Youshouldkeepmeinformedofhiswhereabouts.你应该让我了解他的行踪。Theoldfoundhishometownmuchchanged.这位老人发现他的家乡变化很大。Heleftmuchworkunfinishedbecausehewasill.因为生病，他留下许多工作未做。3．不定式作宾补(1)常带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allow，ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，invite，leave，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，warn，wish，callon，dependupon等。(2)常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：help，使役动词(make，have，let)，感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。Wehurriedlyendedthemeeting，leavingmanyproblemstobesettled.我们匆忙结束了会议，留下很多问题要解决。4．with＋宾语＋宾补(1)with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动且进行)(2)with＋宾语＋done(表示被动且完成)(3)with＋宾语＋todo(表示将来)Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowingthem.这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner，andwithhisworkfinished，hegladlyacceptedit.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle，thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。考向五非谓语动词作主语和表语【典例】【2021全国甲卷语法填空】Itispossible______(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.【非谓语动词作主语和表语提分秘籍】1．非谓语动词作主语不定式作主语表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动作；v.－ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或v.－ing形式后置。下列句型常用v.－ing形式作主语：Itis/wasnouse/nogood/oflittleuse(good)doingsth.。Hearinghowothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。Itisnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.xk+w只学习不实践没有好处。It’snoteasytolearnEnglishwell.Readingasmuchaspossibleisnecessary.学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的。2．非谓语动词作表语v．－ing形式作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征；不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。Whatshelikesiswatchingchildrenplay.她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。HisambitionistogoHarvardUniversity.他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。（2021.6新高考1卷语法填空）Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventure

andoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour

8

(ache)legs.（2021.6新高考二卷）Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,____37____(think)itisfood.（2021.6新高考二卷）Idecidedtodosomething____38____(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.toeducate（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）Itispossible

3

(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）After

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(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat

betterthantorideonapieceofhistory!（2021.6全国乙卷语法填空）Minimizetheimpactof

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(visit)theplace.（2021.6全国乙卷语法填空）Activitithererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking（远足）andaccommodationsaim

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(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.（2021.6浙江卷语法填空）Mary'ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover

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(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.（2021.1浙江卷语法填空）In1985,urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries

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(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.（2021.1浙江卷语法填空）Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople

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(live)inthecountryside,includinglowerlevelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-466．(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Theyrepresenttheearth63．(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Theymakegreatgifsandyouseethemmanytimes65．(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Theyareeasy68．(care)forandmakegreatpresents.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout67．(find)thewell-knownpainter.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds69．(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.(2020·山东新高考语法填空)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimaginethemselves(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43．(walk)througharainforest.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology60．(change)lives.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，63．(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modemmethods___of__trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive___64___(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientistshaverespondedby___67___(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,…【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for___61___(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrene___declared__(declare)shehadnoplans___65___(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Whenwegotacall___68___(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwas___a__joke.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】Onourwaytothehouse，itwasraining___so__hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake___62___(get)there.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay，we_wereinvited__(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars，___70___(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Whenthechildrenarewalkingor___59___(cycle)toschoolondarkmornings,…【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Butsomestudentsdidn'twant___63___(wear)theuniform.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervously___2___(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto_myself_(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】EarthDay，___4___(mark)on22April，isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice___64___(improve)waterquality.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid____64____(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel____65____(challenge).【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】Istillremember59(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshocked(shock)whenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模）AlthoughKeyboardinghasdonewonders____9____(make)lifemoreefficient,itistooimpersonal.（2022·云南·一模）___14___(locate)southwestofChina,LaosistheonlylandlockedcountryinSoutheastAsiaandmainlydependsonroad,waterandairtransportforthemovementofpeopleandgoods.（2022·陕西省榆林中学二模）Asmoreyoungpeoplegrowfrustratedwithpressure,theysaytheywanttogiveupconventionalritesofpassage,suchas_____30_____(get)marriedorhavingchildren.（2022·河南·模拟预测）Itwasestimatedthataround1.2milliontonsofartificialsnowwereproducedforthe2022BeijingWinterOlympics___41___(hold)inFebruarythisyear.（2022·重庆·一模）Chineseworkersoncedemonstratedtheirgreatefficiencyin2018.Incredibly,around1,500workersspentjustninehours___52___(complete)theconstructionofanewtrainstationinFujianProvince,southernChina.（2022·江西赣州·一模）Animportantfactor____74____(affect)happinessisthetendencytocompareone’ssituationwith____75____ofotherpeople.（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T3）It’scertainlynotrealistic___3___(remove)allplasticfromyourlife,butsomestatisticsmayencourageyoutoreduceyoursingle-useplasticfootprints.（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T6）Everypieceofplastic___6___(create)willremainintheenvironmentinsomeform,but…（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T7）…butifyouconvenientlythrowitout,windandrun-offcarrythewastedownthesewer(污水管)anddirectlytotheocean,___7__(affect)themarinelifeincludingthefish…（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T1）Itseemsthatpeopleinwesterncountriesarebecomingincreasingly___1___(worry)aboutthesideeffectsofdrugs,…（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T4）After___4___(suffer)frominsomnia(失眠)forafewmonths,Iwasfeelingmentallyandphysicallyexhausted.（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T3）Inreality,however,60%ofclothingnowadaysisabandonedwithinayearofpurchase,whichproducesvastquantitiesofwastethatgloballandfills(垃圾填埋场)arestruggling_____3_____(absorb).（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T7）Youcouldbuysecondhandclothing,too,asausefulwaytoextendthelifespan(寿命)ofitemsalready_____7_____(create).【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】In1995,Dr.MadanKatariacalledonagroupofstudentsinapark______(test)whetheraddingregularlaughtertopeople’sliveswouldimprovetheirwell-being,Katariaalsointroduceddeepbreathingandsimpleyogamovesintotheexercises.【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】______(inspire)byChinesewritingbrushes,heusesbamboobranchesashisbrushes,whichrepresentshislatestattempttocreateunpredictabilityinsplattereffects.【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】Withtheunpredictablepaintingeffectsofthesetools,healsowants______(defend)theartfieldintheexpansionofartificialintelligence.【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】Hisbreakoutvideo,wherehisprocessofpaintingQitianDasheng(MonkeyKing)isshown，haswonmorethan408,000.likes，______(make)himpopularontheplatform.【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】TheNorthernEssexCommunityCollege(NECC)studentsandoneoftheirteachersspentpartoftheirspringbreakinNewYorkCity,helpingrepairanarea______(destroy)bythehurricane.【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】Together,thosevolunteersandtheNECCstudentsworked______(clear)rubbishoutofathree-storybuilding.【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】Insidethebuilding,thestudentssawnothingbutbrokenwallsanddoorsandpiecesofthebuilding______(lie)allovertheplace.【湖南省长沙市一中2021届高三三调】Keepinghimtoobusy______(think)aboutthepasthelpshimseeapositivelight.【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】Asglobaltravelrestrictionsarelikely______(remain)forthecomingmonths,Beijing2022organizershavedecidedtocancelaseriesoftestevents.【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】Additionally,hugethankstotheChinesenationalathletesandtheircoachesfor______(conduct)thetestruns.【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】Hesayshegetssoexcitedwaitingforhispigeons______(arrive)attheendofaracethathisheartstartsbeatingfast.【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】YutoldReutersnewsagencyRecently,his7-month-oldpigeon______(name)"LinkAncestor"placedfirstinaChineseRacingPigeonAssociationrace.【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】Afterall,there'ssomuchforyou______(learn)academicallyandsocially,likegettingalongwithclassmates,anddealingwithteachers.【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】______(like)byalargegroupofpeoplecannottaketheplaceofbuildingdeep,supportivefriendships.【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854,hewasready______(begin)hisenquiry.【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】Shehascomposedseveralsongs,includingonecalledthe“LittledoginDream"，wheresheima