第二讲　非谓语动词

第二讲非谓语动词●高考感悟/练真题·悟技法·锁定目标●单句语法填空1．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteamerisrarelyenough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft________(want)morenexttime.2．[2023·北京卷]Shecalledforaction________(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworldfacing“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”．3．[2023·全国甲卷]“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,wherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings，”herfablebegins,________(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage­oldfables.4．[2023·全国乙卷]FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces,itishometomorethan3，000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully________(build)systemofringroads.5．[2022·全国乙卷]Itcanhelptobuildamunitywitha________(share)futureformankind.6．[2022·全国甲卷]Avisually­challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi'an,asafirststep________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.7．[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]________(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.8．[2021·浙江卷1月]In1985，urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries________(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.9．[2021·天津3月卷]China'sNationalHighway318,________(extend)over5,000kilometersfromShanghaitoZhangmu,Tibet,isknownasthe“heavenlyroad”foritsamazingviews.●考点研析/破重点·析疑难·精准清障●考点一非谓语动词的形式及句法功能1.主动形式、被动形式：非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间往往存在主谓或动宾关系：与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时，用主动形式；与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时，用被动形式。Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天举行的会议非常重要。2．时间先后关系根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态。(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生，用非谓语动词的一般式。Heheardthesongbeingsungnextdoor.他听到隔壁有人在唱这首歌。(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用非谓语动词的完成式。Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.他完成作业之后就去睡觉了。考点二非谓语动词作状语1.不定式作状语(1)作目的状语Icrossedthestreettoavoidmeetinghim,buthesawmeandcamerunningtowardsme.我穿过马路以便避开他，但他看到我并朝我跑了过来。(2)onlytodosth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。Wehurriedtothestation,onlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.我们急匆匆地赶到车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。(3)表示情绪、情感类的形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy,lucky,glad，sorry，anxious，proud，disappointed，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased，fortunate，right等。YouwillneverknowhowhappyIwastoseeheryesterday.你永远不会知道我昨天见到她有多高兴。(4)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋todo”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，fortable，safe，dangerous等。Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisveryfortabletositon.这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。2．分词作状语：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、结果、方式、条件、伴随、让步等状语。Translatedinto(＝Whenitwastranslatedinto)English,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.(作条件状语)这个句子被译成英语后，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。Notknowing(＝Becausehedidn'tknow)howmuchlongerhecouldlast,Nicholasdidtheonlythinghecould—hehuddledinhiscaveandslept.(作原因状语)因为不知道还能维持(生存)多久，尼古拉斯做了他能做的唯一一件事——蜷缩在他的山洞里睡觉。Used(＝Ifitisused)withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.(作条件状语)如果小心使用，一罐可以用六个星期。MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.(作结果状语)中国已经修建了更多的公路，这让人们的出行变得更容易。3．独立成分作状语：有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有generally/frankly/roughly/strictlyspeaking,talkingof,speakingof,judgingfrom/by,takingeverythingintoconsideration,paredto/with,tobefrank，totell(you)thetruth,tobehonest,tomakethingsworse等。Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromHongKong.从口音判断，他来自香港。Totellyouthetruth,Iamalittletired.说实话，我有点累。4．独立主格结构：非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。(1)独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。(2)独立主格结构的常见构成：①名词/代词＋分词；②名词/代词＋不定式；③with/without＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式。Weatherpermitting,weshallplaythematchtomorrow.明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。Thetestfinished(＝Whenthetestwasfinished),webeganourholiday.考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。即学即练单句语法填空1．[2023·全国乙卷]________(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,Iwasamazedbytheco­existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.2．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)________(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.3．[2022·全国乙卷]________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,invitingtwenty­nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty­sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.4．[2022·全国甲卷]Heflew4，700kilometersfromXi'antoKashgaronSept.20,________(plan)tohikebacktoXi'aninfivemonths.5．[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority________(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.6．[2022·浙江6月卷]Blindpeoplerecognizeshapeswiththeirexistingsenses,inawaysimilartothatof________(sight)people,saysEllaStriem­Amit,aHarvardscientist.7．[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup________(see)them.8．Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology________(change)lives.9．________(pare)withthewesternmedicine'shighfees，TCMhasareasonablepricethatordinarypeoplecanafford.10．________(locate)inabeautifulandquietneighborhood，thehouseisbigenoughtoenableyoutohavearoomofyourown.考点三非谓语动词作定语定语形式功能现在分词一般式doing表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中现在分词一般式的被动结构beingdone表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中过去分词done表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成动词不定式todo表示将要发生的动作动词不定式一般式的被动结构tobedone表示将要被做的动作①WeareinvitedtoapartytobeheldinourclubnextFriday.我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。②Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveatschoolandthelasttoleaveschool.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。③Theparkwasfullofpeople,enjoying(whoenjoyed)themselvesinthesunshine.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。④TsinghuaUniversity,founded(whichwasfounded)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。【名师指津】(1)准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系；(2)准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。Theproblemdiscussedatthelastmeetingwasofgreatimportance.Thematterbeingdiscussednowisofgreatimportance.Theproblemtobediscussedatthenextmeetingisofgreatimportance.即学即练单句语法填空1．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Shanghaimaybethe________(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolongBao'sbirthplace.2．[2023·全国甲卷]Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage________(intend)foreveryone.3．[2022·全国甲卷]InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation________(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.4．[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth­floorapartmentbalcony(阳台),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2­metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe________(fall)child.5．[2022·北京卷]Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention________(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.6．[2022·北京卷]Onetheory,increasingly________(support)byexperts,suggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.7．[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour________(ache)legs.8．[2021·浙江1月卷]Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople________(live)inthecountryside,includinglowerlevelsofineandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.9．[2021·北京卷]From2000to2019，therewere7，348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,________(result)inUSD2，970billionineconomicloss.10．Apieceofstone________(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthumanrelatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.考点四非谓语动词作宾语1.只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree,plan,promise,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish,hope,expect,fail(未能),pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,wait,happen(碰巧)等。Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andacmodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.这里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行，并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：admit,avoid,consider,escape(避开),imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,feellike,giveup,putoff,objectto,lookforwardto等。此外，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.；havefun(in)doingsth.等结构中也用动名词作宾语。Iavoidedmentioningthesubjectincaseheshouldbeoffended.我避免提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoingforaswim？今天很热。你想去游泳吗？3．接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：forgettodosth.regrettodosth.remembertodosth.stoptodosth.trytodosth.goontodosth.meantodosth.can—Thatwouldmeanwastingalotoflabour.——那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。—Really？Idon'tmeantowasteanylabour.——是吗？我并没打算浪费劳动力。【名师指津】(1)动词want,need,require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.­ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)和demand(需要)。(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn,decide,know,wonder,show,tell,understand,explain,teach,advise,findout等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how,what,whether,where,when,who等。(3)介词后一般要接v.­ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。即学即练单句语法填空1．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether________(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.2．[2022·浙江1月卷]ThatapproachbroughtCobb'sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplans________(continue)thepractice.“Ithasbeenfairlyrewarding.”，shesays,“areallypositivechange.”3．[2022·全国乙卷改]Sotheyarenotproducingcarbondioxideandnot________(cause)airpollution.4．[2022·全国甲卷改]Iwasunwillingtotalkwithhimandoftendisobeyedhisruleofnot________(stay)outwithmyfriendstoolate.5．[2021·全国甲卷]After________(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!6．Nextkeepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymean________(accept)theactionofthepersonwhoupsetsyou.考点五非谓语动词作宾补1.不定式作宾补：不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表示将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,intend,invite,order,persuade,prefer,require,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,callon,dependon等。Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltospeaktothenewstudents.完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。(1)有些动词，如think,consider,believe,suppose,feel,find等后常用tobe作宾补或主补。Chinesepeopleareconsideredtobethemosthard­workingpeopleintheworld.中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。(2)在sb.besaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋todo/tohavedone/tobedoing结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。ThepresidentwasreportedtohavevisitedChina.据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。2．分词作宾补(1)现在分词作宾补时，现在分词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel)，使役动词(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp?听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？(2)过去分词作宾补时，过去分词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel)，使役动词(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep等。Hefoundhimselfsurroundedbysomanystrangers.他发现自己周围有那么多陌生人。(3)使役动词have,get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：①havesth.done＝getsth.done让别人做某事；②havesb./sth.doing让……一直做某事；getsth./sb.doing使……开始做某事；③havesb.dosth.=makesb.dosth＝getsb.todosth.让某人做某事。Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcarwashed．在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。(4)with的复合结构：①with＋宾语＋doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；②with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成；③with＋宾语＋todo表示将要发生的动作。Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowingthem．这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。Withsuchashorttimeleftbeforethedeadline,itdoesn'tseemlikelythatJohnwillfinishthejob.截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。Withalotofworktodo,shewasn'tallowedtoleaveheroffice.由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。即学即练单句语法填空1．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem________(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.2．Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.3．Theystartbuildingtheirhutslateinthesummer，butdonotgetthem________(finish)beforetheearlyfrost.4．[2024·江西南昌市八一中学模拟]Someyoungpeopleknowwhattheywanttodo,butmanyothersjusthaveafewideas________(wander)aroundintheirheads.5．[2024·湖北恩施市一中模拟预测]Sincetherailwaywasputintooperationin2011,Yuxinouhaslaunchedmorethan30routes,withover40citiesacross26countries________(connect),andtherouteshaverecordedover8，000freighttraintrips.考点六非谓语动词作主语和表语1.不定式作主语和表语(1)不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。Itisimpossibleforaboytowalkorbiketheentire80kilometers.步行或骑行这完整的80千米是不可能的。(2)不定式作表语时：①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim,purpose,idea,plan,wish,decision,choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolistoimprovemyEnglish.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。2．动名词作主语和表语(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It'sawasteoftimedoing...;It'snouse/gooddoing...;Itisuselessdoing...;Thereisnopoint/sensedoing...等。Facinguptoyourproblemsratherthanrunningawayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。It'snouseplainingwithouttakingaction.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。Myjobiscleaningthehousethreetimesaweek.＝Cleaningthehousethreetimesaweekismyjob.我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。(3)remain作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待……；留待……”时，后常接tobedone。Sheremainedstandingthoughwerepeatedlyaskedhertositdown.虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。Itremainstobeseenwhetherthenewly­formedmittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice.新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。即学即练单句语法填空1．[2023·全国乙卷]Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears________(record)everythingIdiscovered.2．[2021·全国甲卷]Itispossible________(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.3．[2021·全国乙卷]Minimizetheimpactof________(visit)theplace.4．[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]Theyareeasy__________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.5．[2020·北京卷]Ittakesthemhundredsofyears________(break)down.●小试牛刀/夯基础·提技能·高效备考●Ⅰ.语法填空[2024·湖北省华中师范大学附属中学模拟]ThefirsttimeIenteredthebusyChinesehotpotrestaurant,Iwasimmediatelyimpressedbythedelicioussmellsandlivelychatter.Thewaiterhandedmeamenu,butitwaspredominantlywritteninChinese,1.________characterswerepletelybeyondmyprehension.Withsomehesitation,Idecidedtotake2.________leapoffaithandpointedatafewitemsonthemenuthatlooked3.________(invite)．Asthebubblingpotwasset4.________(boil),Iwatchedwithfascinationasthewaiterpouredafragrantbroth(肉汤)intoit.5.________(mix)withchilipeppers,Sichuanpeppercorns,andothermysteriousspices,thepotreleasedamouthwateringaromaintotheair.Themomentoftruthcame6.________Itentativelydippedmychopsticksintothebrothandaddedasliceofthinlyslicedbeefandahandfulofvegetables.Thefirstbitewasan7.________(explode)offlavors.ThenumbingsensationfromtheSichuanpeppercornsdancedonmytongue,andIunderstoodthereasonfortherestaurant'sname,“SpicyHeaven.”Icontinuedtoexperiment,tryingvariousingredientsand8.________(marvel)atnotonlythefood,butalsotheadventure,the9.________(delight)surpriseofaworldofflavorsinasinglebubblingpot.10.________mylimitedknowledgeoftheChineselanguage,Ilaughedwithmynewfoundfriendsandsharedstories.Ⅱ.写作运用完成下面短文，注意本部分语法的运用。DearSmith，Howareyoudoing?I'mwriting1.________________________________________________(邀请你参加我们将于6月1日在学校体育场举行的英语晚会),whichisagoodchance2.________________________________________(展现你的英语才能)andmotivatestudents'interestinEnglishlearning.Duringthepartyyouwillhaveafeastofvarietiesof3.________________________________________(我们自己准备的英语活动),including4.________________________(背英语诗歌)andsingingfamousEnglishsongs,whichIthinkwillsurelygiveyouabigsurprise.Besides,I'dliketoremindyouthatthepartystartsat6:30pmandendsat8:00pm,sopleaseeontimeifitisconvenientforyou.Lookingforwardto5.________________________________________(与你分享聚会中的愉快时光)!Yours，LiHua第二讲非谓语动词高考感悟1．答案与解析：wanting考查非谓语动词。此处考查“leavesb.＋宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词。2．答案与解析：toaddress考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地的人们面临“水太少或水太脏”的难题。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。3．答案与解析：borrowing考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语herfable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。4．答案与解析：built考查非谓语动词。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“systemofringroads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。5．答案与解析：shared考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。6．答案与解析：tojourney考查非谓语动词。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式作后置定语。7．答案与解析：Covering考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语theGPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。8．答案与解析：studied考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式作后置定语，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系。9．答案与解析：extending考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词，故空处为非谓语动词，与句子的主语China'sNationalHighway318是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词作状语。考点研析考点二即学即练1．答案与解析：Havingvisited考查非谓语动词。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“overthelast10years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。2．答案与解析：toteach考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。3．答案与解析：Tostrengthen考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。4．答案与解析：planning考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词表主动。5．答案与解析：toincrease考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。6．答案与解析：sighted考查非谓语。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆阿米特(EllaStriemAmit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。sighted作定语修饰名词people，表示“能看见的、不盲的”。7．答案与解析：tosee考查非谓语动词。句中的climbup为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，应该使用不定式作目的状语。8．答案与解析：tochange考查非谓语动词。简单句中已有动词gave，故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式作定语，是后置定语。9．答案与解析：pared考查非谓语动词。句意：与西药的高额费用相比，传统中药的价格合理，普通人能够承担得起。paredwith...为固定结构，在句中作状语，意为“与……相比”。10．答案与解析：Located考查非谓语动词。belocatedin...意为“坐落于……”，为固定短语，在句中作状语，故填Located。考点三即学即练1．答案与解析：recognized考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized“被公认的”。2．答案与解析：intended考查非谓语动词。beintendedfor打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。3．答案与解析：held考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与theBeltandRoadForum之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，表被动。4．答案与解析：falling考查非谓语动词。句中的holdout为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。fall为动词，意为“掉落”，child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。5．答案与解析：toharm考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，haveanintentiontodosth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。6．答案与解析：supported考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的byexperts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。7．答案与解析：aching考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作定语，ache与中心词legs是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词aching。8．答案与解析：living考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词maybe，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做后置定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。9．答案与解析：resulting考查非谓语动词。resultinUSD2，970billionineconomicloss在句中做结果状语。故填resulting。10．答案与解析：found考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。考点四即学即练1．答案与解析：tobite考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decidetodosth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语。2．答案与解析：tocontinue考查动词不定式。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plantodosth.“计划做”。3．答案与解析：causing考查非谓语动词。句意：所以他们不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。连词and连接两个并列的现在分词。4．答案与解析：staying考查非谓语动词。句意：我不愿意