2025版高考英语一轮复习第2部分人与社会主题群2文学艺术与体育主题语境2绘画建筑等领域的代表性作品和人物教师用书教案

PAGE主题语境(二)绘画、建筑等领域的代表性作品和人物阅读理解A(2024·全国卷Ⅲ·C)WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterTheireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49­year­oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus(校内)oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves(曲线)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素)．Wang'sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums.“Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted，”hesaid.“ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated，”hesaid.“Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare，”saidWang.Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。该报道介绍了2012年度建筑界的最高奖项——普利兹克奖的获得者王澍及其作品的风格和他对建筑艺术创新的理解。1．Wang'swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare________.A．followingthelatestworldtrendB．gettinginternationalrecognitionC．workingharderthaneverbeforeD．relyingonforeignarchitectsB[推理推断题。依据其次段其次句可知，中国49岁的建筑师王澍获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利兹克奖，说明中国的建筑设计师赢得了国际的认同和确定。故选B。]2．WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A．Itshillyenvironment.B．Itslargesize.C．Itsuniquestyle.D．Itsdiversefunctions.C[细微环节理解题。依据第四段第一句“ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.”和“Thecurves(曲线)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.”可知，杭州香山学院的建筑设计风格独特，给人留下了深刻印象，故选C。]3．WhatmadeWang'sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A．Themixtureofdifferentshapes.B．ThebalanceofEastandWest.C．Theuseofpopulartechniques.D．Theharmonyofoldandnew.D[细微环节理解题。依据第五段第三句“ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素)．”和第六段其次句中的“Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture”可知，传统与现代元素的和谐共存是王澍建筑设计胜利的秘诀，故选D。]4．WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?A．Spreadthemtotheworld.B．Preservethematmuseums.C．Teachtheminuniversities.D．Recreatetheminpractice.D[推理推断题。依据最终一段第一句中“becombinedwithpractice”和其次句中“therecreationoftraditions”可知，王澍认为应当结合实践对传统进行再创新，故选D。]B(2024·浙江卷·A)BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.Thecat'slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin'scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(风景)painting.WilliamWilliams,awell­knownpainter,cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,“Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine­year­oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了美国绘画之父本杰明·韦斯特小时候的艺术启蒙。5．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Benjamin'svisittoPhiladelphia.B．Williams'influenceonBenjamin.C．ThebeginningofBenjamin'slifeasanartist.D．ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.C[主旨大意题。文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲解并描述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的。故选C项。]6．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3suggest?A．Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B．Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C．Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D．Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.D[推理推断题。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由该段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。]7．WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?A．Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B．Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C．HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D．Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.B[细微环节理解题。依据文章末段首句“Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.”可知，为了更好地发展本杰明的绘画天赋，表兄潘宁顿给了他很多帮助，供应了创作油画的材料，故选B项。]8．Williams'twobookshelpedBenjaminto________.A．mastertheuseofpaintsB．appreciatelandscapepaintingsC．gettoknowotherpaintersD．makeuphismindtobeapainterD[细微环节理解题。依据文章最终一段本杰明说的话以及“Whileitislikelythatheunderstood...Thenine­year­oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”可推知，威廉姆斯给本杰明的两本关于绘画的著作帮助本杰明打开了艺术之门，使他立志成为艺术家，故选D项。]阅读七选五(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign—somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat'sfulloflife？Professional？Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday？1，coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.2，theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.3.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.4.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.5.A．WhileallofthemareusefulB．Whateveryou'relookingforC．Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD．Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithE．It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF．Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG．Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。颜色是房间设计的基本要素之一，本文介绍了大、中、小三种物品的颜色选择及各自的特点。1．B[空前的三个问句是问读者想要找寻什么样的房间设计，结合空后的“coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel”可知，不管你想让你的房间怎样，颜色是关键。]2．A[空格后的“they”指代上文中的“anumberofdifferenttechniques”，且与A项中的“allofthem”相呼应，A项“尽管它们都很有用”，符合语境。]3．D[其次段最终提到“thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones”，再结合最终两段首句中的“Mediumcolorchoices”和“Thelargecolordecisions”可推断，本段应介绍“smallcolorchoices”，故选D项。]4．G[依据空后的“Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.”可知，这里讲解并描述两个方面，这与G项中的“intwomajorways”相照应。]5．F[依据空前的“thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant”可知，大型物品的颜色选择所须要的时间、精力、费用很大，这恰与F项构成因果关系。]完形填空(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)ItwasjustaftersunriseonaJunemorning.“Nicolo，”whoserealnamecannotbe1tothepublicbecauseofItaly'sprivacylaws,2workingthewholenightatafactoryinTurin.Asheoftendid,hestoppedbythe“afterworkauction(拍卖)”3bytheItalianpolicewherethings4onthetrainsweresoldtothehighestbidder.There,amongmanyotherthings,Nicolospottedtwopaintingshethoughtwouldlook5abovehisdiningroomtable.Nicoloandanotherbidder6untilNicolofinallywonthepaintingsfor$32.WhenNicoloretiredandwenttoliveinSicily,he7thepaintingswithhim.Hehungthemabovethesametablehehad8fromTurin.Hisson,age15,whohad9anartappreciationclass,thoughtthattherewassomething10abouttheonewithayounggirlsittingonagardenchair.Itwassigned(签名)“Bonnato”orsohethought,butwhenhe11it,heonlyfound“Bonnard，”aFrench12hehadneverheardof.Heboughtabookandwas13tofindapictureoftheartistPierreBonnardsittingonthesamechairinthesame14ashisfather'spainting.“That'sthegardeninourpicture，”Nicolo'ssontoldhisfather.They15learnedthatthepaintingthey16wascalled“TheGirlwithTwoChairs.”They17theotherpaintingandlearnedthatitwas18PaulGauguin's“StillLifeofFruitonaTablewithaSmallDog.”The19calledtheItalianCultureMinistry；theofficialconfirmedthatthepaintingswere20andworthasmuchas$50million.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了工人“Nicolo”无意中在意大利警察所经营的拍卖会上得到了两幅画，最终经过鉴定两幅画都是大师的原作，价值不菲。1．A.attached B．allocatedC．exposed D．submittedC[依据下文的“becauseofItaly'sprivacylaws”可知主子公的真名是隐私的、不行透露的。]2．A.finished B．delayedC．considered D．triedA[依据下文的“afterworkauction(拍卖)”可知他是工作结束后去的拍卖会。]3．A.attended B．reservedC．cancelled D．runD[依据语境，应当是意大利警察所经营的一个拍卖会。]4．A.shown B．foundC．kept D．hiddenB[依据“________bytheItalianpolice”可推断，拍卖的东西应是在火车上找到的。]5．A.nice B．familiarC．useful D．realA[依据语境及常识可知，画挂在餐桌上方起美观的作用。]6．A.battled B．debatedC．discussed D．bargainedA[依据下文的“Nicolofinallywonthepaintings”可知Nicolo和另外一个竞标者是在竞争。]7．A.held B．leftC．registered D．broughtD[依据“WhenNicoloretiredandwenttoliveinSicily”以及下文的“Hehungthemabovethesametablehehad________fromTurin”可推想，Nicolo把两幅画和那个餐桌都从Turin带到了Sicily。]8．A.chosen B．receivedC．ordered D．movedD[参见上题解析。]9．A.missed B．failedC．taken D．ledC[他的儿子上过艺术鉴赏课。take“学习，修(课程)”。]10．A.concrete B．unusualC．unappealing D．naturalB[依据“Hisson，age15，whohad________anartappreciationclass”可知他的儿子上过艺术鉴赏课，觉得这幅画不同寻常。]11．A.appreciated B．touchedC．researched D．witnessedC[依据上文的“Itwassigned(签名)‘Bonnato’orsohethought”可知Nicolo的儿子应当是去查了这个签名，但是查到的只有“Bonnard”，一个他从未听说过的法国画家。]12．A.painter B．designerC．author D．actorA[参见上题解析。]13．A.expected B．surprisedC．anxious D．readyB[依据“Heboughtabookandwas________tofindapictureoftheartistPierreBonnardsittingonthesamechairinthesame________ashisfather'spainting”及“That'sthegardeninourpicture”可推想Nicolo的儿子买的一本书中PierreBonnard的图片中的椅子和花园跟Nicolo得到的画中的一模一样，这应当是让人惊异的。]14．A.room B．kitchenC．hall D．gardenD[参见上题解析。]15．A.apparently B．confidentlyC．eventually D．temporarilyC[依据语境可知，Nicolo父子最终(eventually)知道了画的名字。]16．A.owned B．borrowedC．sold D．stoleA[依据语境可知，应当是他们拥有的画。]17．A.collected B．cleanedC．framed D．studiedD[依据语境可知，他们调查了第一幅画和它的作者之后，又去探讨另外一幅画。frame“给(图画或照片)配框”。]18．A.suitably B．actuallyC．rightly D．specificallyB[依据语境可知，他们探讨了另外一幅画，得知这幅画事实上是PaulGauguin的作品。]19．A.girl B．artistC．family D．policeC[依据下文信息可知，应当是父子俩打电话去意大利文化部求证画的真伪。只有family可以指代文中出现的父子俩。]20．A.copies B．originalsC．models D．presentsB[依据“theofficialconfirmed”可知官方证明这两幅画是画家原作。]Ⅰ.写出所给单词的汉语意思1．fruitfuladj.富有成效的2．architecturen.建筑学3．abundantadj.丰富的；充裕的4．sealv.密封；封存5．recreationn.消遣；消遣6．classicaladj.古典的7．fundamentaladj.基本的；根本的8．visualadj.视觉的9．significantadj.重大的10．changeableadj.变更无常的11．relativeadj.相关的12．allocatev.安排13．submitv.提交14．delayv.延期；耽搁；延误15．cancelv.取消16．bargainv.讨价还价17．concreteadj.详细的Ⅱ.依据所给汉语写出英文单词1．designn.设计；图案2．stylen.风格3．matchv.匹配4．uniqueadj.独特的5．techniquen.技术；技艺6．modernadj.现代的7．registerv.注册Ⅲ.依据所给提示写出派生单词1．perfectadj.完备的→perfectlyadv.完备地2．mixv.混合；融合→mixturen.混合；融合3．winv.获胜；赢得→winnern.获胜者4．understandingn.理解→misunderstandingn.误会5．artn.艺术→artistn.艺术家6．introducev.介绍→introductionn.介绍7．decidev.确定→decisionn.确定8．furnishv.装备；配备→furnituren.家具Ⅳ.依据所给汉语写出惯用习语1．refer_to_..._as_...称……为……2．serve_as充当3．tend_to趋向于4．full_of_life充溢活力5．be_familiar_with对……熟识[即时演练]单句语法填空1．Eachwinner(win)willbegivenacopyofaModernEnglishGrammar.2．I'veonlyjustcomehere.I'mstillnotfamiliarwiththework.3．IamsurethatIcanperfectly(perfect)liveuptoyourexpectations.4．It'shardtomakeadecisionwithoutknowingallthefacts.5．Becausetheyweretomovetoanewhouse,theyboughtalotoffurniture(furnish).6．Smokingisusuallyreferredtoasabadhabit,sowemustsaynotoit.7．Theintroduction(introduce)ofnewadvancedtechniques(technique)inthefactoryisunderdiscussiontoday.Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1．Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.画笔，毛笔2．Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.处理3．Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.人力、物力、财力Ⅱ.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)1．...manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.[译文]……很多优秀的中国建筑师正在努力走上中心舞台。2．Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttime.[译文]因此把上述问题弄准确是值得的，因为你想第一次做时就把它弄对。Ⅲ.困难晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1．Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare...[分析]本句是一个复合句。withoutknowingwhattheyreallyare是without介词短语作状语，其中whattheyreallyare是what引导的宾语从句，作knowing的宾语。[译文]很多人在谈论传统时往往不知道传统究竟是什么……2．Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.[分析]本句是一个复合句。主句是theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings，前面是while引导让步状语从句，其中it是形式主语，thatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks是that引导的从句作真正的主语。[译文]虽然他可能对这些书理解甚少，但它们却是他了解古典绘画的入门指导。3．Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.[分析]本句是一个复合句。Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspaces为句子主语，oneofthefirststeps为表语，tocreatingrooms为介词短语作后置定语修饰thefirststeps，you'lllovetolivein为省略关系代词的定语从句修饰先行词rooms。[译文]驾驭如何在你房间中运用颜色是创建你喜爱居住的房间的第一步。4．Asheoftendid,hestoppedbythe“afterworkauction(拍卖)”runbytheItalianpolicewherethingsfoundonthetrainsweresoldtothehighestbidder.[分析]本句是一个主从复合句。Asheoftendid是非限制性定语从句，hestoppedbythe“afterworkauction(拍卖)”是主句，runbytheItalianpolice是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰“afterworkauction(拍卖)”，wherethingsfoundonthetrainsweresoldtothehighestbidder是定语从句，修饰先行词“afterworkauction(拍卖)”，其中foundonthetrains是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰things。[译文]和平常一样，他停留在由意大利警方经营的“下班后拍卖会”的旁边，那里的物品都是在火车上发觉的，卖给出价最高的竞拍者。1．viewn.景色；风景；观点；见解；视野vt.把……视为……；观看[一词多义]——写出下列句中view的含义①Whileclimbingthemountain,weenjoyedthewarmsunshineandabeautifulview.风景②Ifwesitnearthefrontofthebus,we'llhaveabetterview.视野③Igotanopportunitytoviewthemoviebeforeitwasreleased.观看④Inthislecture,Icanonlygiveyouapurelypersonalviewofhowwecanlivelifetothefull.观点；见解(1)inview在视野范围内inviewof鉴于；考虑到inone'sview＝fromone'spointofview在某人看来(2)comeintoview看得见，进入视野haveagoodviewof清晰地看到；饱览take/holdtheviewthat...持……的观点(3)view...as...把……看作……broadenourviewandgainknowledge拓宽我们的视野，并获得学问inviewoftheshortageoftime由于时间有限beviewedasthekeytosuccess被看作是胜利的关键[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Inmyview,thegreatesthappinessliesinone'ssatisfactionwithhissurroundings.②TheInternetisviewedbymanyasarevolutionaryeducationtool.③Viewed(view)fromthetopofthehill,thecitytakestheroundshapewithaflowingriverthroughit.[实力提升]——词汇/句式升级一般表达：Ifwestandatthetopofthebuilding,weareabletoseeclearlythebeautifulsceneryofthewholecity.高级表达：Standing_at_the_top_of_the_building,weareabletohave_a_good_view_ofthebeautifulsceneryofthewholecity.(view，分词短语作状语)2．abandonv.抛弃；离弃；放弃；停止做(某事)n.放纵，放任；尽情(1)abandondoingsth.放弃做某事abandononeselfto沉湎于；放纵(感情)于(2)withabandon尽情；放任地(3)abandonedadj.抛弃了的；废弃的；放纵的beabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems由于资金问题被放弃befoundabandonedinthewoodsoffthehighway发觉丢弃在高速马路旁的树林里abandonthemselvestopleasureslikedrinkingandplaying他们一味地吃喝玩乐[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Theyabandonedcarrying(carry)outtheplanbecauseofthebadweather.②Theytransformedanabandoned(abandon)factoryintoalab,inwhichtheycarryontheirresearch.③Tohismother'sdisappointment,theboyabandonedhimselftoplaying(play)computergames.[实力提升]——句式升级一般表达：HeabandonedhimselftotheInternetgamesanddidn'tpasstheexam.①高级表达：Abandoning_himself_to_the_Internet_games,hedidn'tpasstheexam.(现在分词短语作状语)②高级表达：Abandoned_to_the_Internet_games,hedidn'tpasstheexam.(过去分词短语作状语)3．existvi.存在；生存；生活；接着存在(1)existin在于existon＝liveon靠……生存；靠……生活Thereexist(s)...有……(2)existencen.存在；生存；生活inexistence现存的；存在的comeintoexistence/being起先存在(3)existingadj.现存的；现行的existonsuchasmallincome靠这么少的收入生活solvetheexistingproblemingeography解决现存的地理方面的问题theonlycopyofthebookinexistence这本书现存的唯一版本[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thereexistsanoldhospitalatthecorner,butnooneknowswhenitcameintoexistence.(exist)②Hisfailureexistsinhismisunderstandingofthesituation.③Wehavetofindwaysofmakingtheexisting(exist)systemworkbetter.[实力提升]——完成句子众所周知，年轻人和老年人之间存在着代沟。Asisknowntoall,there_exists_a_generation_gapbetweentheyoungandtheold.4．focusn．焦点；集中点；焦距；中心v．(使)集中，聚焦(1)thefocusof……的焦点comeintofocus成为焦点bring/throw...intofocus使……成为关注的焦点(2)focusone'sattention/eyes/energy/mindon...集中某人的留意力/目光/精力/思想于……focuson/upon集中于focusyourattentiononyourstudy把你的精力放在学习上bringtheproblemofchildabusesharplyintofocus引起人们对虐待儿童问题的高度重视becomethefocusofthepublic成为公众关注的焦点[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Healthandenvironmentalproblemshavebecomeincreasinglythefocusofattention.②Allthesidesofthequestionhavecomeintofocusnow.③Withhismindfocused(focus)onthethingsnotrelatedtohisstudies,hismarkshavefallenrapidly.[实力提升]——一句多译由于她的全部精力都集中在孩子上，她好像很少有时间做别的事情。①Because_all_her_energy_is_focused_on_her_children,sheseemstohavelittletimeforanythingelse.(状语从句)②With_all_her_energy_focused_on_her_children,sheseemstohavelittletimeforanythingelse.(with复合结构)[联想发散]表示“留意，集中精力于……”的短语还有：concentrateone'sattentionon,fixone'sattentionon,payattentionto等。5．impressvt.使印象深刻；使……牢记(1)impresssb.withsth.某事给某人留下印象impresssth.on/uponsb./one'smemory使某人牢记某事beimpressedwith/at/by...对……有深刻印象(2)impressionn.印象leave/makea(n)...impressiononsb.给某人留下……的印象(3)impressiveadj.令人印象深刻的beimpressedwiththenewteacher'shumoroustalk对新老师风趣的谈吐印象深刻impressthevalueofhardworkonme让我牢记努力工作的重要性leaveadeepimpressiononpeople'sminds在人们的心中留下深刻的印象[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Myfirstimpression(impress)ofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtfulyoungman.②Thefirstceremonywhenwewentintocollegeisanimpressive(impress)one.③Thelittleboyimpressedmewithhisbig,brighteyesthefirsttimeIsawhim.[实力提升]——一句多译他在音乐会上的表演给我留下了很深的印象。①Heimpressed_me_deeply_withhisperformanceattheconcert.(impress)②Iwas_deeply_impressed_with/at/byhisperformanceattheconcert.(beimpressed)③Hisperformanceattheconcertleft/made_a_deep_impression_onme.(impression)6．spotn.地点；场所；斑点；污点v.发觉；认出；弄脏[一词多义]——写出下列句中spot的含义①Wefoundseveralgoodcampingspotsbytheriver.地点；场所②Ifcancersarespottedearly,thereisahighchanceofsurvival.发觉③Someofthespotsonyourtrousersarehardtoremove.斑点；污点④Thefloorwasspottedwithpaint,whichmadehimembarrassed.弄脏(1)onthespot在现场；当场inaspot处于逆境(2)spotsb.doingsth.发觉某人正在做某事bespottedwith满是……斑点；点缀spotsomethingmovingonthewall发觉有东西在墙上动yellowwithlittleredspots黄色，带有红色斑点putusinabitofaspot使我们困难重重[名师点津]spot作“地点”讲，用作定语从句的先行词时，从句如缺状语则用where引导定语从句。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Ireadthroughthefirstpageofthebookandspotted(spot)aspellingmistake.②IwishourgovernmentcouldsetupmorefreeWi­FispotswherewecanaccesstheInternetonourphone.③Iwasinaspotwhenmycarranoutofgasonthatlonelyroad.[实力提升]——完成句子我打电话几分钟后警察就赶到了现场。Thepolicewere_on_the_spotwithinafewminutesofmytelephonecall.7．reserven.爱护区；爱护圈；预备品，贮存；保留；候补队员vt.储备，保存；保留；预约，预订[一词多义]——写出下列句中reserve的含义①Inthepast,villagersusuallykeptalargereserveoffirewoodforcoldweather.贮存②Weweretoldthatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedforthatweek,butfortheweekafter.预定③ChangbaishanisChina'slargestnaturereserveandishometoagreatdiversityofrareplantsandanimals.爱护区④Ifyouorderafterthat,wereservetherighttoeitheracceptorrejectorderrequestsatthediscountedprice.保留(1)withoutreserve毫无保留地；直言不讳inreserve贮存；备用reservesth.forsb.为某人保留某物(2)reservationn.保留；预订(房间、座位等)makeareservation预订(座位、房间等)bereservedforspecialguests留给贵宾的acceptmyadvicewithoutreserve毫无保留地接受我的建议keepsomemoneyinreserve,justincase存些钱备用，以防万一[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Whentalkingtoafriend,weshouldbefrankandwithoutreserve.②Wehadmadeourreservation(reserve)sixmonthsearlier,butthegirlatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.③Hewentdirectlytothereserved(reserve)seat,onlytofindaladywasthere.[实力提升]——完成句子首先，我认为有效的方式就是以一种科学的方式为将来储备水源。Firstly,aneffectiveway,Ithink,istoreserve_water_in_a_scientific_wayforfutureuse.1．ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.这个学校的建筑风格与大多数中国高校有很大的不同。[句型公式]that用作替代词替代前面提到的thestyleofthecampus。(1)that可以指代前面出现过的不行数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于theone。其复数形式为those，相当于theones。(2)one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为ones。(3)it特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①I'mmovingtothecountryside,becausetheairthereismuchfresherthanthatinthecity.②Helpingothersisahabit,oneyoucanlearnatanearlyage.③Atourfactorythereareafewmachinessimilartothosedescribedinthismagazine.④Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront.butIdon'thaveenoughmoneytobuyit.2．Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.无论你关注的是墙纸还是涂料，所投入的时间、精力和相关费用都是巨大的。[句型公式]Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint是whether...or...引导的让步状语从句，表示“无论……还是……”。(1)whether...or...引导让步状语从句时，既可以置于主句之前，也可以置于主句之后。(2)whether...or.../whether...ornot还可以引导名词性从句，引导主语从句时常用it作形式主语。[名师点津]引导名词性从句时有时可用if替代whether，意为“是否”，但是if不能位于句首，不能干脆与not连用，不能引导介词的宾语从句，也不引导表语从句。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Parentstodaydotheirbesttoleavepossessionsfortheirkids,whethertheyarerichorpoor.②Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryouturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.③Thisdecisionwillhaveeffectsonwhetherornothewillsucceed.[实力提升]——完成句子不管你是否获胜，你都会得到一个礼物。Whether_you_achieve_your_victory_or_not,youshallgetagift.夯基固本·学问落实Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空1．Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence(exist)．2．Severalteenagerswerespottedclearing(clear)awaytheadlets(小广告)onthelightposts.3．FromJane'sface,Icouldseeshewasterrifiedofbeing_abandoned(abandon)byus.4．Thedresslooksgreatwithcolorfulspots(spot)onit.5．Yourartskillsareexcellentandadmirable,whichleavesmeadeepimpression(impress).Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词1．Ihavedecidedtotakethejoboffer,whetheritisgoodorbad.2．Littlejoycanequalthatofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories.3．Itisadvisabletokeepsomefoodinreserveincaseofemergency.4．Ifyoufocusyourattentiononyourstudy,youwillmakerapidprogress.5．Inmyview,thebestfriendistheonewithwhomtoshareyoursorrowandjoy.强技提能·学问应用Ⅰ.完形填空LeonardodaVincibeganpaintingtheMonaLisain1503.Hewasworking1aspecialpaintingforachurchatthattime，23well.AnItalianbusinessmanaskedhimtopaintapictureofhissecond4.ThisisthewomanwhocanbeseenintheMonaLisa.Allinall，theMonaLisaisaverygoodexampleofdaVinci's5，anditsatisfiedthehusband.DaVinciused6andlightinaclever7inthepainting.DaVincilovedscienceand8.Rightawayapersoncanseethatthereisalotofgeometry(几何形态)intheMonaLisa.ThefaceofMonaLisaismadeofmanycirclesandroundshapeslike9.Evenher1011canbeseenbehindher.DaVincilovedtostudyrocks，sothesecanbeseen12inhisotherpaintings.Thewomanissittingwithherkneestoaside.Herheadisturnedtolookoutofthepainting.Herhandsare13togetherinfrontofher.Thiswayof14isnowusedbymany15whentheyarebeingpainted.TheMonaLisa【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文，描述了达·芬奇的经典作品《蒙娜丽莎》。作者对该名作中的细微环节，如蒙娜丽莎的坐姿、该画的画法进行了分析，并就达·芬奇在某些方面的才能进行了描述。1．A.up B．inC．on D．aboutC[workonsth.“忙于某事”，表示在做某一件详细的事情。]2．A.but B．thusC．however D．soA[依据上下文陈述的内容可以看出，上下文之间为转折关系，故选but。]3．A.doing B．goingC．making D．workingB[gowell“进展顺当”，此处指教堂绘画的进展不够顺当。]4．A.servant B．daughterC．nurse D．wifeD[一位意大利商人要求达·芬奇为他的其次任妻子画一张像，由下文“这幅画让那位丈夫很满足”推知，此处应填wife。]5．A.works B．jobsC．novels D．photosA[句意：总之，《蒙娜丽莎》是达·芬奇作品的一个很好的例子……。works“作品”。]6．A.heaviness B．blackC．dark D．oilsC[由下文的light示意此处应填dark，指绘画时