高中英语语法情态动词

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载情态动词

I情态动词的特征：本身有词义。不能独立作谓语。2.后接动词原形一起构成谓语。3.不随人称和数的变化。II情态动词各自的基本意义及用法：1.can与could用法对比点cancould1、表“能力”Canyouliftthisheavybox?Icouldn’tunderstandwhathesaidatall.2、表“许可”Youcanuseadifferentmaterialinstead.HesaidIcouldborrowhisbike.3、“怀疑”No,no,itcan’tbetrue.Whatonearthcanthismean?Wethoughtthestorycouldnotbetrue.Howcouldyoubesocareless?4、can与beableto区别could代替can，表示语气更为婉转。Eg.CouldIuseyourbike?Yes,Icancan(能够)=beableto(仅表能力时)，但beableto表示一番努力后，才能做得到，且有更多的时态。2.may与might用法对比点maymight1．表“询问”MayI…?(=CanI…?)MightI…?(=CouldI…?)(但比用may更客气)2.表“允许”Youmaytaketheboythere.Hetoldmehemightcome.(might与told相呼应)3．表“可能”“或许”Shemaynorlikethisplace.I’mafraidhemightnotlikethisplay.注：1.MayI…?的答语。2.may可表示期望或祝愿Mayyousucceed!3.may(might)用于目的状语从句。肯定：Yes,youmay.否定：No,youmustn’t不行（语气强硬）No,youmaynot或No,you’dbetternot.Theemperorgavethemsomegoldinorderthattheymightbegintheirworkatonce.3.must与haveto用法对比点musthaveto1.表“必须”（主观看法）必须；没有过去式，可用于间接引语中。HetoldmeImustdoaccordingtowhathesaid.（客观需要）不得不，有多种时态。It’srainingheavily,wecan’tgonow.2.疑问句MustI…?Yes,youmust.（一定）No,youneedn’t./youdon’thaveto.(不必)Doyouhavetogotoday?Yes,wedo.Youdon’thavetoworryaboutthat.4.need与dare用法对比点needdare1.情态v.+动词原形1）否定式2）疑问式Heneednot(needn’t)go.---Needwedoitagain?---No,youneedn’tdoitagain.Hedarenotsayso.Dareshegooutaloneatnight?HowdareyousayI’munfair?Ifhedaredothat,he’llbepunished.Idaresay.(固定用法)2.实义v.+todo1）肯定式2）否定式3）疑问式Heneedstogo.Hedoesn’t(doesnot)needtogo.Doesheneedtodoitagain?No,hedoesn’tneedotdoitagain.Hedarestosay.Hedoesnot(doesn’t)daretosay.Ifyoudaretojumpintothewaterfromhere,sodareI.3.didnotneedtodo表示过去没必要做Shedidn’tneedtoattendthemeetingyesterday,andshestayedwithherchildren.(她没有参加)5.should与oughtto用法对比点shouldoughtto1、表“应该”表劝告、建议Youshouldlistentothedoctor’sadvice.WeshouldlearnfromZhangHua.“有责任有必要”做某事Yououghttofinishyourworkbeforeyougohome.Weoughttohelpeachother.2、表“估计”Theyshouldgethomebynow.“非常可能”的事，可译为“总应该”Ifwestarttoworkrightnow,weoughttofinishitbeforelunch.注：1）should还可在虚拟语气中的使用2)注意：oughtto的疑问式及否定式---Oughthetogo?---Yes,Ithinkheoughtto.---No,heoughtn’tto.否定式：oughtn’ttodo(不说oughttonotdo)反疑问句：oughtn’t______?6.shall与will用法shallwill1.征询对方意见或请求指示，用于第一、三人称：ShallI(we)…?Shallhe(she)…?WhereshallI(we)waitforyou?1.询问对方的意思或向对方提出要求：Willyou(please)…?Won’tyou…?Wouldyouliketo...?(would替代will更客气)Won’tyougoandseethefilm?你不去看电影吗---Yes,IthinkIwill.不，我想去。2.表示说话人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告”“强制”“允诺”“决心”等，用于第二、三人称。YoushalldowhatItellyou(todo).我叫你干什么你就干什么。Everythingshallbedonetosavetheship.一定要竭尽全力来拯救这艘船。2.表示“意志”“意愿”，用于各种人称：Iwon’tdoanythingyoudon’tlike.我不会做任何你不喜欢的事。Would表示过去时间的“意志”“意愿”Shylockwouldnottakethemoneyearlier.夏洛克先前是不肯要钱的。7.usedto与would用法usedtowould1.表示过去的动作、状态，重在与现在情况的对比，不一定要有时间状语。Iusedtoplaycardsalot,butnowIseldomplay.Myhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.1.只表示过去动作的重复，有明确的时间状语。IwouldgotoseemygrandfatheronSundaywhenhewasinthemiddleschool.2.would后只接表动作的动词，不接表认识或状态动词Heusedtobenervousintheexam.2.表示过去的习惯有时可互换：Whenwewereveryyoung,weusedto/wouldgoskatingeverywinter.3.表示过去的次数时，不能使用：(√）WewenttotheGreatWallfivetimeswhenwewereyoung.(X)Weusedtogo/wouldgototheGreatWallfivetimeswhenwewereyoung.注：usedtodo的否定式：usedn’ttodo或didn’tusetodo(usedn’t也可写作usen’t)疑问式：Didyouusetodo?Didn’tyouusetodo?Usedyoutodo?Usedn’tyoutodo?II情态动词表推测：大多数情态动词（除表‘能力、许可、意志’外），都可以表示推测，其程度有差异。按可能性程度的高低排列为：must﹥will﹥would﹥oughtto﹥should完全肯定完全可能很可能﹥can﹥could﹥may﹥might可能有可能2.区分情态动词的否定含义：maynot或许不、可能不mightnot可能不can’t不可能mustn’t不许、禁止shouldn’t不应该needn’t不必3.情态动词表推测具体运用：情态动词可以对现在、进行、过去推测。S主+情态动词+be+adj对“性质”“特征”的推测S主+情态动词+be+n对“职业”“事物”的推测S主+情态动词+动词原形对经常性行为的推测S主+情态动词+be+V-ing对进行着的行为的推测S主+情态动词+have+PP对过去的行为的推测情态动词表推测时：1、can只能用于否定句和疑问句2、must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用can来代替了）3、如句中有情态动词+完成时，定是对过去的推测。4、句中如有表示不肯定的话语E.gIamnotsure;Idon’tknow之类，常选may/might的各种形式。4.表示反劝的特殊的表推测形式1).could+have+P.P.表示本来能做到，但事实上没有做到。Hecouldhavefinishedthetaskontime,buttheheavysnowcame..couldn’t+have+P.P.表示本来不能做到，但已经做到了。Shecouldnothavecoveredthewholedistance,butinfactshearrivedaheadoftime.needn’t+have+P.P.表示本不必做的，但已经做到了。Sheneedn’thaveattendedthemeetingyesterday,butshedid.)should/oughtto+have+P.P.表示该做而没有做Theplantisdead.Ishould/oughttohavegivenotmorewater.shouldn’t/oughtn’tto+have+P.P.表示不该做而做了。Yououghtn’tto/shouldn’thavetakenherbikewithoutpermission.5.注意：must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑问句其实就用can来代替了）must+have+P.P.表示对过去肯定的推测，“一定是，准是”Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedyesterday.can+have+P.P.表示对过去的推测（限于问句中）Canshehavesaidso?他可能这样说吗？can’t+have+P.P.表示对过去的否定推测Hecannothavesaidsuchafoolishthing.III情态动词表推测的反意疑问句情态动词表推测的反意疑问句，简单来说，就是以情态动词后的时态为淮，如句子里有明确的时间状语，则以其为准。以must为例：E.g.1.Youmustbehungrynow,aren’tyou?2.HemustbewatchingTV,isn’the?3Tommusthavelivedherforalongtime,hasn’the?4.Shemusthavearrivedyesterday,didn’tshe?注：如选择题中（以Shemusthavearrivedyesterday,didn’tshe？为例）既有didn’tshe又有hasn’tshe则以didn’tshe？为最佳答案。IV情态动词专项练习与解析一()1.You_____returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.maynot()2.Whereismypen?I_____it.A.mightlose B.wouldhavelost C.shouldhavelost D.musthavelost()3.IwishI_____youyesterday.A.seenB.didsee C.hadseen D.weretosee()4.Ididn’thearthephone.I_____asleep.A.mustbe B.musthavebeen C.shouldbe D.shouldhavebeen()5.Ifmylawyer_____herelastSaturday,he_____mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhaveprevented B.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented()6.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A.mighthavegiven B.mighthave C.mayhavegiven D.maygive()7.Ifit_____forthesnow,we_____themountainyesterday.A.werenot;couldhaveclimbed B.werenot;couldclimbC.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbed D.hadnotbeen;couldclimb()8.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifficulttoday.A.is B.willbe C.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe()9.Acomputer_____thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo. A.can’t B.couldn’tC.maynot D.mightnot()10.Jenny_____havekeptherword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.A.must B.shouldC.need D.would()11.We_____lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.A.musthavestudied B.mightstudyC.shouldhavestudied D.wouldstudy()12.—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou_____.A.might B.willC.can D.should()13.Tomoughtnotto_____meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.A.havetold B.tell C.betelling D.havingtold()14.—Ifhe_____,he_____thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottake B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken()15.Peter_____comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.A.must B.mayC.can D.will()16.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI_____forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout()17.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascome B.didcomeC.came D.hadcome()18.—ShallItellJohnaboutit?—No,you_____.I’vetoldhimalready.A.needn’t B.wouldn’tC.mustn’t D.shouldn’t()19.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____.A.breaks B.hasbrokenC.werebroken D.hadbeenbroken()20.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack_____behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.should D.can()21.—Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It_____acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen()22.Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;mustD.can’t;shouldn’t()23.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto()24.—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They_____bereadyby12:00.A.canB.should C.might D.need()25.—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed()26.—Willyoustayforlunch?—Sorry,_____.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.Imustn’t B.Ican’t C.Ineedn’t D.Iwon’t()27.—AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?—I’mnotsure.I_____gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.should D.might()28.—Writetomewhenyougethome. —_____.A.ImustB.IshouldC.Iwill D.Ican()29.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou,you_____homewithoutaword. A.mustn’tleave B.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleft D.needn’tleave()30.—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe_____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may专项练习（二）1.Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She_____atthemeeting.

A.mustn’thavespokenB.shouldn’thavespoken

C.needn’thavespokenD.couldn’thavespoken

2.Oneought_____forwhatonehasn’tdone.

A.nottobepunishedB.tonotbepunished

C.tonotpunishedD.notbepunished

3.Ifyoureallywantyourselftobeingoodhealth,youmust___always___somuch.

A.not;besmokingB.not;havesmoked

C.not;tosmokeD.benot;smoking

4.Withsomuchworkonhand,you_____toseethegamelastnight.

A.mustn’tgoB.shouldn’tgoC.couldn’thavegoneD.shouldn’thavegone

5.MostofthestudentsfeltratherdisappointedattheEnglishparty.Theysaythatit______betterorganized.

A.hadbeenB.hadtobeC.musthavebeenD.couldhavebeen

6.I’msurprisedthathe_____intheexam.

A.shouldfailB.wouldhavefailedC.mayhavefailedD.shouldhavefailed

7.Thelittlegirl_____therealone.

A.notdaregoB.daresnotgoC.darenotgoD.darenottogo

8.“Mustwedoitnow?”“No,you_____.”

A.won’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.don’t

9.Hesaidhewouldrathernot_____itrightnow.

A.doingB.todoC.doD.tobedoing

10.You_____tothemeetingthisafternoonifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.

A.needn’ttocomeB.don’tneedcomeC.don’tneedcomingD.needn’tcome

11.Putonmoreclothes.You_____befeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.

A.canB.couldC.wouldD.must

12.I_____playfootballthanbaseball.

A.wouldratherB.hadbetterC.likebetterD.prefer

13.Ithoughtyou_____likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.

A.mayB.mightC.couldD.must

14.Therewasplentyoftimes.She_____.

A.mustn’thavehurriedB.couldn’thavehurried

C.mustnothurryD.needn’thavehurried

15.Theplantisdead.I_____itmorewater.

A.willgiveB.wouldhavegivenC.mustgiveD.shouldhavegiven

16.You_____returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.

A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot

17.It’sstillearly,you_____.

A.mustn’thurryB.wouldn’thurryC.maynothurryD.don’thavetohurry

18.Pleaseopenthewindow,_____?

A.can’tyouB.aren’tyouC.doyouD.willyou

19.We_____forherbecauseshenevercame.

A.mustn’thavewaitedB.shouldn’thavewaited

C.mustn’twaitD.needn’twait

20.—MayIstophere?—No,you_____.

A.mustn’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.won’t

21.It’safineday.Let’sgofishing,_____.

A.won’tweB.willweC.don’tweD.shallwe

22.Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She_____atthemeeting.

A.mustn’thavespokenB.shouldn’thavespoken

C.needn’thavespokenD.couldn’thavespoken

23.—Pleasedon’tmakeanoise.—_____.I’llbeasquietasamouse.

A.Yes,Iwon’tB.No,Iwon’tC.No,IwillD.Yes,Iwill

24.Theyoungmanhasmadesomuchnoisethathe_____nothavebeenallowedtoattendtheconcert.

A.couldB.mustC.wouldD.should

25.—WhereisJohn?—He_____inthelibrary.

A.shouldbeB.mustbeC.canbeD.musthavebeen

26.Sincetheroadiswetthismorning,_____lastnight.

A.itmustrainB.itmustberaining

C.itmusthaverainedD.itmusthavebeenrain

27.—Willyourbrotherstayhometonight?

—I’mnotquitesure.He_____tothecinematonight.

A.mustgoB.cangoC.maygoD.maybegoing

28.She’salreadytwohourslate.What______toher?

A.canhavehappenedB.mayhavehappened

C.shouldhavehappenedD.musthappen

29.Youmustbeawriter,_____?

A.mustn’tyouB.areyouC.mustyouD.aren’tyou

30.Igotupearlythatmorning,butI_____sobecauseIhadnoworktodo.

A.mustn’thavedoneB.didn’tneedtodo

C.needn’thavedoneD.can’thavedone

31.He_____havecomehereyesterday,buthedidn’t.

A.couldB.shouldC.oughttoD.alltheabove

32.Imissedthelastbus,soI_____gohomeonfoot.

A.mustB.havetoC.mayD.hadto

33.Heoughttowinthefirstprize,_____he?

A.oughtn’tB.shouldn’tC.mustn’tD.bothAandB

34.Everyone_____dohisbestforthemodernizationsofourcountry.

A.canB.mayC.shouldD.might

35.Let’scleanourclassroom,_____?

A.willyouB.don’tweC.shallweD.doyou

36.Letusplaybasketball,______?

A.willyouB.don’tweC.shallweD.doyou

37.Heaskedmeforthisbookmanytimes.Pleasetellhimthathe_____haveittomorrow.

A.mustB.mayC.shallD.bothBandC

38.“Yourphonenumberagain?I_____quitecatchit.”“It’s9568442.”

A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t

39.Mother_____usstorieswhenwewerechildren.

A.wasusedtotellB.isusedtotellingC.usedtotellD.usedtotelling

40.Shewouldrather_____moremoneyonbooks_____onclothes.

A.cost…notB.tospare…don’tC.pay…thanD.spend…than情态动词专项练习与解析一【练习解析】1．C从原题中Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike这一信息句可知，“你不必现在还”。2．D从原题中Whereismypen?这一信息句可告诉考生，“笔丢了”，丢的动作是过去发生的。因此用must+havedone表示对过去事实的肯定猜测。3．C原题中的yesterday这一信息词告诉考生，在wish后的宾语从句中，用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。4．B从原题中的Ididn’thearthephone.这一信息可以判断出，用musthavedone表示过去事实的准确的肯定猜测。5．A从原题中lastSaturday这一信息词可知，条件句中用表示与过去事实相反的过去完成时，主句用would+havedone。6．Amighthave+过去分词，在次是虚拟语气，表示“本来可以给你更多的帮助”，而事实则是帮助较少。7．C从原题中的yesterday这一信息词暗示考生，该句应选用与过去事实相反的过去完成时，Ifithadnotbeenfor…“要不是因为……”。8．D原题中的Withoutelectricity相当于一个条件句：Iftherewerenoelectricity,故主句用humanlifewouldbequitedifficulttoday.9．Acan可以表示一种客观上的能力，本句can’t，表示“不能，不会”。10．B从原题总的“Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind”“我不知道为何他改变了主意了。”这句话告诉考生Janny没有守诺言。因此，用should+havedone，表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没有做”。11．C可参看10题。意思是：“昨晚本应该学习，但是却去听音乐会了。”12．C原题中的could不是过去时，而表示一种委婉、客气的礼貌用语。因此用could提问时，用can回答。同样用would，might提问，用will和may回答。[注意]①—Wouldyouratherdosuchathing?—Yes,Iwould.②—Wouldyoulikesometea?—Yes,Iwould.这两个对话中的wouldrather，wouldlike是惯用法，故不能用will来回答。因为在这两个句型中，will不能去替换would。13．A可参看10、15题。该句意思是：“汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密，但他没有伤害你的意思。”oughtnottohavedone=shouldn’thavedone14．B从答语中的Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately这一信息句可提示考生，条件句应填表示与过去事实相反的时态。15．B从原题中的butheisn’tverysureyet这一信息句可暗示考生，Peter当晚来的可能性不大。A是“准来，肯定来”，D是“将要来”。16．C可参看10、11、13题。“本应该”而事实上没有……17．D从原题中Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting和后文shewouldhavemetmybrother这两个信息句可知，if条件句中应填与过去事实相反的过去完成时。可参看6、7、14题。18．A你不必告诉他。因为I’vetoldhimalready这一信息句已暗示考生了。19．C当asif引导虚拟语气的句子是，如果主句与从句中的谓语词所表达的动作同时发生时，asif后接一般过去时。例如：Hewalkedasifhewerelame.如果从句中的谓语动作发生个在主句谓语动作之前，则用过去完成时。例如：Hetalkedasifhehadknownthesecret.不论主句中的谓语是现在时还是过去时。20．C只要考生抓住nearly一词和后文atanymoment（随时的意思）这两个信息词语，就能很快选出C项，表示逻辑推测，意思是“快七点钟了，杰克一会儿就该到了。”21．D根据句意，是对过去情况的推测。“当时决不可能是一次舒服的乘车。”must表示对过去的推测只能用于肯定句。22．Bmustn’t表示“禁止”；may表示“有可能”。句子的意思是：“你不可以玩刀，可能会伤你自己。”23．D该题在考考生could与wasableto之间的区别。Wasableto表示在困难的情况下，经过一番周折而“能……”，并且成功地做了。24．B该题考查情态动词should表推测的用法。Can和might都可以表示可能性，用might则语气更加不肯定。Need表示“需要”、“必需”。Should可以表示推测，结合实际，合乎逻辑，意为“应当”、“该”。根据第一个说话者说的Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon的语境，可以确定正确答案为B。25．A该题在考查“情态动词+不定式的完成式”的用法，从会话的语境看，空白处应填“could+have+过去分词”表示过去本来能做到的事而事实上没有做到。26．B该题考查表示请求的英语口语，用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构，是表达一种意愿和请求，是以疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气，意思是“请你……，好吗？”，对于这种问句的肯定答语可用Sure!Certainly!Yes,ofcourse.I’dbegladto等；否定回答通常是I’msorry,Ican’t.No,I’mafraidIcan’t.I’msorry,but…I‘dliketo,but…等。27．Dmight表示“可能性”。28．C意思是“我会的”。对祈使句的肯定回答。29．Bshouldn’thavedone为本来不该做某事，而事实上做了。30．D用maynot可表示“可能不”。而cannot则表示断然