高中英语语法-名词性从句精讲

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载高中英语名词性从句讲解-名词性从句PART1完成以下题目，并分别指出它们是什么从句1.______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If2.Iwonder______youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what3.Thisis______hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.Weallknowthetruth______theearth______aroundthesun.A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move名词性从句的功能：相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。主语)主语)表语)表语)Idon’t宾语)Idon’t宾语)Idon’tknowabout同位语)Idon’tknowabout同位语)得出结论：因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类，即：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。PART2名词性从句的类型：1.主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语。连接词有that,whether;who,what,which;when,where,how,why等。如:__________heisafamoussingerisknowntous.__________hewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.__________she’scomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.__________broketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.注意：1.为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。记住以下it作形式主语的句型：It’slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’ssaid/reportedthat…据说/据报道…Itseems/appears/happensthat…显然、明显、碰巧…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布…It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知）/acommonsaying（俗话说）that…Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forItremainsaquestion______wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.whatItisknowntous______wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that2.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用句单数形式；如果是两个或两个以上的主语作主语，谓语动词则视情况而定。tbeenfound.Exercises:.______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever______Icanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy.A.WhereB.WhatC.ThatD.HowIt’snotclear______wasresponsiblefortheaccident.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.That______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires2.表语从句：在复合句中作主句的表语。引导词有连词that,whether,asif,asthough;who,what,which,whose;when,where,how,why,because等。如:Theproblemis_________wedidn’tgetintouchwithhim.Thisis_________Henrysolvedtheproblem.Hissuggestionis_________we(should)finishtheworkatonce.Itlooked_________itwasgoingtorain.Thereason_________wedidn'ttrusthimis_________hehasoftenlied．注意：1.如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice,order,demand,proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.2.Thereasonisthat……的理由是，…的原因是…Thereason__________hewaslateagainwas__________hewascaughtinthetrafficjam.Thereason______Ihavetogois______mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because3.Itisbecause…这是因为…Exercises:Thisis______shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.whatThequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whenThereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis______hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whatMyadviceisthathe______schoolbybike.A.gotoB.wouldgotoC.goestoD.wentto______shecouldn’tunderstandwas______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;thatEnergyis______makesthingswork.A.whatB.everythingC.somethingD.anything3.宾语从句：在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导词有连词that,whether,if;who,whom,whose,what,which;when,where,how,why等。如:(1)V+宾语从句，即“动宾”：Webelievethatheishonest./Iaskediftheyhadacheapsuit./Canyoutellmewhichdictionaryishers?/Ireallydon’tknowwhatheisdoing.Ijustdon’tunderstand______thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect.A.whyitdoesB.whatitdoesC.whatitisD.whyitis---Don’tyoubelieveme?---______,Iwillbelieve______yousay.A.No;whateverB.Yes;nomatterwhatC.No;nomatterwhatD.Yes;whatever“Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?”“Theyalwaysletmedo______IthinkIshould.”A.whenB.thatC.howD.what(2)prep+宾语从句，即“介宾”：He’spleasedwithwhatwedidyesterday./Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.Iwishtohaveafriendwith______sharesmyhobbiesandinterests.A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.whoeverD.anyoneMarywroteanarticleon______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.thatItwasamatterof______wouldtaketheposition.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever(3)adj+宾语从句，即“形宾”：I’msurethatmybrotherwilllovethejacket./Iamgladthatyoucancomeandhelpme.不能误将”It+be+adj+that”的主语从句当成宾语从句.如：ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.注意：(1)whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。Iwonderifitdoesn’train.②用if会引起误解，就要用whether。Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.（如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）③宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换成if。Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.Idon’tknowwhetherthereportistrueornot.④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用，构成whethertodo结构。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.Exercises:Iaskedher__________shehadabike.__________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.We’reworriedabout__________heissafe.Idon’tknow__________heiswellornot.Idon’tknow___________ornotheiswell.Thequestionis__________heshoulddoit.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion__________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.(2)如果宾语从句是由that引导，and或but连接的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略，第二个或第二个以后的that不能省略.Hesaid(that)thetextwasverydifficultandthatwehadtoworkhardatit.Mydeskmatetoldme(that)hewatchedafootballmatchlastnight,butthatitwasverydiscouraging.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，就用it作形式宾语，将宾语从句后置，并且that不可以省略.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillwinthegame.IfinditnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.WefinditnecessarythatwepracticespokenEnglisheveryday.(3)表示“建议，命令，要求”的宾语从句，如advise,suggest,order,request,require,demand等，从句用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形,should可省略。(4)在“主语+believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的结构中，其否定形式要用否定转移，即主句否定，从句肯定。Idon’tthinkhewillcome.Idon’tthinkI’lltroubleyouagain.Idon’texpectthattheywillgetmarriedsoon.(5)宾语从句的时态呼应：a.如果主句时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.Hebelieves_________________________.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Pleasetellme_________________________.b.如果主句谓语是一般过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备.Hetoldme_______________________________.他说他已离开家乡十年了。Hetoldme_________________________________.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的.Theteachertoldus_________________________.Exercises:Doyousee______Imean?A.thatB./C.howD.whatTellme______isonyourmind.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whyWemuststickto______wehaveagreedon.A.whatB.thatLetmesee______.A.thatcanIrepairtheradioC.IcanrepairtheradioKeepinmind______.A.thattheteachersaidB.whatdidtheteachersayB.whetherIcanrepairtheradioD.whethercanIrepairtheradioC./D.howC.thatdidtheteachersayD.whattheteachersaid4.同位语从句：在复合句中起同位语的作用。一般放在名词idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news,information;hope;thought;promise等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词。常用that,whether,who,whom,when,where,why,how,which等引导(whose和which不引导同位语从句)Weallknowthetruth______theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whetherWeheardthenews______ourteamhadwon.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whereTheproblem______itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.ifTheyexpressedthehope______theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whenThefact______hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what注意：1.名词suggestion,advice,order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略。a.Thesuggestionthathe______atthemeetingwasagreedtobymostpeople.A.wasputforwardB.putforwardC.shouldlookforwardD.lookedforwardb.Thesuggestionthatwe______topicniconSundaywasagreedtobymostpeople.AwentB.wouldgoC.goD.wereallowedtogo2.同位语从句有时没有紧跟在名词后面，而是被别的词分开，称为隔裂式同位语从句。HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.WordcamethatTomwouldgoabroad.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting______wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whetherThere’safeelinginme______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis-----notever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.whatItremainsaquestion______wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.whatDandyleftwordwithmysecretary______hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which3.如何判断同位语从句和定语从句?a.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个成分，充当宾语成分时可省略。b.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.五．名词性从句的考点归纳：1.名词性从句的语序：a.That+陈述句：---Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.---______itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreakb.疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述语序，不能用一般疑问句语序,即“疑问词+句子的剩余成分”。Idon’tknowwhenhewillgotoNanjing.a.Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()b.Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?()2.表示“建议，命令，要求”的名词性从句，如(suggest)suggestion,(advise)advice,order,request,demand等，要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形,should可省略。3.that可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略that不可省略的情况：主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略Idon’tthink________sheiscoming.Itisapity________hehasmadesuchamistake.Thereasonis_________heiscareless.Thenews________ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_________youshouldreadEnglishaloud.Hetoldme__________hisfatherhaddiedand__________hehadtomakealivingalone.4.关于whether与if的使用：Whatthedoctorisuncertainaboutis______mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.whyElephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand______itisroughorsmooth.A.不填B.whetherC.howD.whatThequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how______hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.EvenifExercise:我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。________weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。Idon’tknow_________broketheglassyesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。Ihavenoidea_________helookslike.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。Thisis_________Ileftmyglasses.指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种?3.I’msogladdoesn’tmattertoomuch.9.Hedoesn’tknow判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句?1.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.2.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.3.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.4.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.5.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.6.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.7.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.8.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.9.DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool?10.Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.相关练习：1.Ihavenoidea______hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.that2.Thenews______surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how3.Oneofthemenheldtheview______thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat4.Wordhascome______someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.which5.Theyreceivedorders______theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that6.______Ican’tunderstandis______shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because7.Ihavetheinformation______.A.ofwhathe’llcomesoonB.thathe’llcomesoonC.ofthathe’llcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon8.---CanIhelpyou?---Yes,doyouknow______?A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes9.Hemadeapromise______anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif10.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand______mademattersworsewas______nightbegantofall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;what11.We’dliketodo______wecan______thepoor.A.how;helpB.all;tohelpC.whatever;helpD.however;tohelp12.---Irangyouataboutten,buttherewasnoreply.---Oh,that