会计数据分析 课件 第5章　现代审计和持续审计

TheModernAuditandContinuousAuditingChapter5Wherewearenow1.DataAnalytics2.DataPreparationandCleaning3.ModelingandEvaluation4.Visualization5.TheModernAudit6.AuditAnalytics7.KeyPerformanceIndicators8.FinancialStatementAnalyticsObjectivesLO5-1UnderstandmodernauditingtechniquesLO5-2EvaluateanauditplanLO5-3Understandthenature,extent,andtimingofaudittestsLO5-4SelectappropriateaudittasksandapproachesLO5-5EvaluateauditalarmsaspartofcontinuousauditingLO5-6UnderstandworkingpaperplatformsDataAnalyticsareeffectivefordeterminingauditriskandhelpingclientsunderstandtheirbusinesses.Mostoftheinnovationisledbyinternalauditorsastheyhavebetterunderstandingoftheorganizationandcanusetheanalyticstoimproveefficiencyandeffectiveness.Whatdoesthemodernauditlooklike?LO5-1Assuranceservicesarecrucialtobuildingtrust.Increasingglobalregulationmeansauditorsmustprovideenhancedassurancewhichincreasesauditcoverageandefficiency.InternalandexternalauditorsapplyDataAnalyticstoevaluaterisk.Forexample,theymayevaluateinventoryturnovertoidentifyobsoleteinventory,calculateworkingcapitaltoevaluateliquidity.Internalauditorsapplyanalyticsintheirfocusonoperationalinefficienciesandinternalcontrols.Before,anauditormayhavelookedatsamplesandgatheredevidencetomakeinferences...…nowanalyticsallowfullpopulationtestinganddeepinsightintoprocessesandcontrols.Analyticsaidsdifferenttypesofaudits:

1.Processefficiencyandeffectiveness.

2.Governance,risk,andcompliance,includinginternalcontrolseffectiveness.

3.Informationtechnologyandinformationsystemsaudits.

4.Forensicauditsinthecaseoffraud.

5.Supportforthefinancialstatementaudit.Whatdoesauditingdatalooklike?LO5-2DataispulledfromERPsystemsandstoredindatawarehousesforanalysis.FirmdatastoredinhomogeneousERPsystemsiseasiertoworkwithbecausethelocationofkeydataisknown.Exhibit5-2HomogeneousSystemsFirmdatainheterogeneousERPsystemsrequiresasystemstranslationengineandmappingandisusuallytheresultofacquisitions.Exhibit5-2HeterogeneousSystemsIneithercase,firmdatamayrequireatranslationenginetomapfieldstoacommondatamodel,suchastheAICPA’sAuditDataStandards.TheAuditDataStandardsidentifycommontablesandfieldsneededforauditanalytics.Exhibit5-3AuditDataStandardsThecurrentsetofstandardsincludes:Base–masterdataandformatsGeneralLedger–chartofaccountsandGLdetailOrdertoCashSubledger–ordersandreceivablesfromcustomersProcuretoPaySubledger–purchasesandpaymentstosuppliersInventorySubledger–locationandonhandQ.Whataretheadvantagesoftheuseofhomogeneoussystems?Wouldamergertargetbemoreattractiveifitusedasimilarfinancialreportingsystemasthepotentialparentcompany?Howdoweautomatetheauditplan?LO5-3and5-4Thestandardizedauditplanidentifiesthemethodology,scope,risk,procedures,andevaluationperformedbytheauditors.Themethodologyisguidedbyspecificstandards,suchasthePCAOBauditstandardsorCOSOinternalcontrolframework.Thescopedefinestheparametersandlimitsplacedontheaudit,suchashowmuchandforhowlong.Procedures

toevaluateareasofhighriskareidentifiedduringtheplanningphase.Procedureswillidentifydata,location,andattributestoevaluate.Evaluationmayinsomeinstancesbedistilledintoriskscoresandalerts.Howdoweevaluateauditexceptions?LO5-5DataAnalyticsandauditautomationallowsauditorstocontinuouslymonitorsystemsandprocesses.Continuousauditingprovidesreal-timeassuranceoverbusinessprocesses.Thisprovidesincreasedcoverageandtimelinessofauditprocedures.Continuousmonitoringevaluatescontrolsandtransactionsandisprimarilyusedbymanagementtoshoweffectivenessofinternalcontrols.Continuousreportingprovidesthestatusoftheauditproceduresandoutputoftheinformationsystems.Whenacontinuousauditingruleisviolated,anexceptionoccurswhichgeneratesanalarm.Auditorsevaluateexceptionstodeterminewhethertheeventisproblematic(truepositive)ornormal(falsepositive).Whentoomanyalarmsarefalsepositive,auditorsfaceinformationoverload,whichcoulddistractthemfromadequatelyevaluatingthesystem.Theauditparametersaresettobalancetheamountoffalsepositiveexceptionsandlimittheamountofalarmsgenerated.Q.Continuousauditusesalarmstoidentifyexceptionsthatmightindicateanauditissueandrequireadditionalinvestigation.Iftherearetoomanyalarmsandexceptionsbasedontheparametersofthecontinuousauditsystem,willcontinuousauditingactuallyhelporhurttheoverallauditeffectiveness?Whatgoesintoauditworkingpapers?LO5-6UseofDataAnalyticsisonewaytoimproveDocumentationandtheoutputofanalytictoolscanbeincludedinworkingpapersalongwithotherevidenceandprocedures.DataAnalytics-relatedworkingpapersshouldincludeauditprocedures,ITdocumentationandflowcharts,databasemaps,parametersandvariables,anddataextractsandevidence.Consistentguidanceandstandardizationfromtheauditfirmorchiefauditexecutive,suchaschecksandreferences,enableconsistentandqualitywork.Electronicworkingpaperplatformsautomatethecollectionofevidenceandenableonlinesharingthroughthecloud.Collaborationtoolsandcloudplatformsenableauditorstoworktogetherfromremotelocationsandtoincludeteammemberswithavarietyofexpertisesuchasspecialists.Q.PwCusesthreesystemstoautomateitsauditprocess.Auraisusedtodirecttheauditbyidentifyingwhichevidencetocollectandanalyze,HaloperformsDataAnalyticsonthecollectedevidence,andConnectprovidestheworkflowprocessthatallowsmanagersandpartnerstoreviewandsignoffonthework.HowdoesthatlineupwiththestepsoftheIMPACTmodelwe’vediscussedthroughoutthetext?SummaryAsauditinghasevolvedoverthepastfewdecad