新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1（思政智慧版）课件 Unit 3 Heroes of our time Section B

Unit3HeroesofourtimeIthinkaheroisanypersonreallyintentonmakingthisabetterplaceforallpeople.

—MayaAngelou(Americanpoet)

读写教程1SectionBReadingskillsDetailedstudyofthetextReading

comprehensionCollocation新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1SectionBScanningScanningisatechniqueusedinreadingtogatherspecificinformationinatextbygoingthroughitrapidly.Inmostcases,youknowwhatyouarelookingfor,soyouareconcentratingonfindingsomeparticularinformation.Themostfamiliarwayofscanningyoumayhaveexperiencedisreadingmenusorpostersorlookingupwordsinadictionary.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1ReadingskillsSectionBScanningScanninginvolvesmovingyoureyesquicklydownthepagetoseekspecificwordsorphrases.Thekeytoscanningistolocateusefulinformationquickly.Herearesometips:1Whenscanning,youshouldhaveaclearideaofwhatyouarelookingfor,thinkofquestions,andlookforanswers.2Donotreadeveryword.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1ReadingskillsSectionBScanning3Watchfordefinitions,highlightedwords,especiallywordsinitalicsorboldprint.4Spotdatesandnames.5Lookfornumbers,letters,orsignalwordssuchasfirst,second,next.6Lookforrepeatedwordsorphrases.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1ReadingskillsSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1Readingskills1ScanTextBforanswerstothefollowingquestions.1Whogavehisownlifetosavehiswife?2Whowashonoredbyover11,000peopleinToronto,Canada?3ForhowmanyyearswasNelsonMandelakeptinjail?4WhofoundedtheassociationSharetheRoad?5Whichnounisrepeatedthemostthroughoutthetext?DoryStoddard.SergeantRyanRussell.27years.EleanorMcMahon.Hero/Heroes.SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程11

Who’saherothesedays?Inaneraofheightenedheroism,thewordherohasbecomemorecommon.Weuseherotodescribebothvictimsandsurvivorsofallkindsofdifficultiesandtragedies.Whoaretheheroesamongus?HeroesamongusDetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程12InthedayssubsequenttoamassshootinginTucson,Arizona,manydescribedDoryStoddardasahero.Dorygavehislife

forhiswife,Mavy.WhenDoryheardshotsringout,heimmediatelyfellontopofhiswifetoshieldherfrom

thehailofbullets.Atthememorialservice,thepriestsaid,“Dorydidn’tdieahero;helivedahero.”Longknownforhisremarkablespiritandloveofhumanity,DoryStoddarddiedashehadalwayslived,assistingothers.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程13DoryStoddardwasacivilianhero,whoactedinstinctivelywithcourageandgracewhencaughtupin

extraordinarycircumstances.Butwhataboutfirstresponders,whosejobis,inthewordsofthewidowofafallenpoliceofficer,to“rushtowarddanger”?DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程14InToronto,Canada,downtownlifestoppedwhenmorethan11,000policeofficersandotheremergencyrespondersmarchedsolemnly

throughthestreetstohonorSergeantRyanRussell,a35-year-old“goodmanandgoodcop”,whobelieveddeeplyinhiscommitmenttoprotectandserve.Sgt.Russellmovedquicklytoprotectothersfromharm.Hetriedtostopadrunkdriverinastolensnowplowwithonlyhispoliceautomobileandhisgoodwilltohelpothers.Sadly,Sgt.Russellwasunabletostopthedrunkdriverandwaskilledintheeffort.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程15Itusedtobethatthewordherowasreservedforthosewhoperformedactsofdistinctcouragebeyondthecallofduty.Asoldierwhorunsthroughgunfiretorescueothermilitary

personnelisseenasahero.Soarelarger-than-lifeleaderssuchasNelsonMandela,whoemergedafter27yearsofjail,confinedinasolitary

chamber.Hemadethechoicenottobebitter,andworkedhardasSouthAfrica’sfirstblackpresidenttoestablish

harmonyandhelpedsocietyreconcileitsconflictedpast.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程16Buttoday,ourheroesareaveragemenandwomen,“everydayheroes”towhomwecanrelate,peoplelikeus.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程17However,whilemanypeoplehonorSgt.Russell,somepeopleraisethisquestionwhentheytrytomakesenseof

atragedylikeSgt.Russell’s:Somefirstrespondersdonotsucceedinhelpingothersandtheygetinjuredordieintheirefforts.Dothesepeoplebecomeheroesbecauseofwhathappenstothemastheytrytohelpothers–insteadofwhattheyactuallymakehappen?DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程18IaskedroadsafetyadvocateEleanorMcMahonwhethershethoughtSgt.Russellwasahero.Ms.McMahon’slatehusband,apoliceofficer,waskilledbyadrunktruckdriverina2006off-dutycyclingaccident.Throughgriefandrage,Ms.McMahonfoundedSharetheRoad,acyclingassociation,andworkedtirelesslyuntilthegovernmentestablished“Greg’sLaw”,legislationthatgaveauthoritytothepolicetoimmediatelyseizetheautomobilesofdrunkdriverscaughtontheroad.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程19Ms.McMahonrepliedthatshethoughtSgt.Russellwasindeedahero.“Justimagine,inthemiddleofanintensesnowstormthispolicemanthinks:I’vegottostopthissnowplowbeforeithurtsothers.”Ms.McMahonsummedup

whysheconsideredmanypoliceofficerstobeheroes:“It’snaturaltobeafraidofdanger.It’snaturalforthatfeartocausemostpeopletorushtowardsafetyandawayfromdanger.Heroesdojusttheopposite.Theyrushtowarddangertohelpthoseinneed.”DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程110Wecountonfirstresponderstorushtowarddanger,especiallywhenitinvolvesusorthosewelove.Weexpectnothingless.Sowhenoneofthemdiesdoingthat,weshouldrecognizetheheroicactioneventhoughwemaydoubtourowncapacitytobeheroicourselves.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程111Theinspiringstoriesofheroeshelpremindusthatordinarypeoplecandoextraordinarythings,whetheritisinthefulfillment

oftheirdutiesoraspartofeverydaylife.Wehonorthefireman,thepoliceman,andtheaveragecitizenbyrecognizingtheirheroism.Perhaps,evenmoreimportantly,wehonorthembyworkingtochangethecircumstancesthatledtotheirdeath.Byhonoringthemwecanbeinspiredbythem.Willwebeheroeswhencircumstancescallonustoactheroically?Hopefully,wewill!DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Inatimewhenheroismhasbeenadvocatedmorethanbefore,thewordherohasbeenusedmorefrequently.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

era:

n.[C]aperiodoftimeinhistorythatisknownforaparticularevent,orforparticularqualities时代；年代Wearelivingintheinformationera.我们生活在信息时代。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1Detailedstudyofthetext★

heighten:

v.ifsth.heightensafeeling,effect,etc.,orifafeeling,etc.heightens,itbecomesstrongerorincreases（使）加强；（使）增加

Don’tsmoke.Smokingmayheightentheriskoflungcancer.不要吸烟。吸烟可能增加罹患肺癌的风险。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

victim:

n.[C]apersonwhohasbeenattacked,injured,orkilledastheresultofacrime,adisease,anaccident,etc.受害者；罹难者；罹病者；牺牲品Thelocalgovernmentisraisingmoneytohelpthevictimsoftheearthquake.当地政府正在筹款帮助地震灾民。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

survivor:

n.[C]sb.whocontinuestoliveafteranaccident,war,orillness（事故、战争或疾病的）生还者，幸存者Thepolicearesearchingforsurvivorsoftheplanecrash.

警方正在搜寻失事飞机的幸存者。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

tragedy:

n.[C,U]averysadeventthatshockspeoplebecauseitinvolvesdeath悲剧性事件；惨剧；惨案Tragediesinlifecandrivepeopleintogreatgrief.人生中的不幸会使人极度悲痛。

2)[C]aseriousplayorbookthatendssadly,esp.withthedeathofthemaincharacter悲剧（作品）RomeoandJulietisoneofShakespeare’sbest-knowntragedies.《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是莎士比亚最著名的悲剧之一。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:InthedaysafteramassshootinginTucson,Arizona,manypeopleregardedDoryStoddardasahero.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

subsequent:

a.(fml.)happeningorcomingaftersth.else随后的；继…之后的Firesandfloodssubsequenttoanearthquakeoftencausegreaterdamage.地震后继发的火灾和洪水常常会造成更大的破坏。DetailedstudyofthetextNote1Whenusedasattributivemodifiers,subsequentto(在……之后)andpreviousto(在……之前)areoftenputafterthenounsthattheymodify.Forexample:SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextNoteOurfinaldecisionswillbemadepubliclyavailableonourwebsiteonthedaysubsequenttotheboardmeeting.我们的最终决定会于董事会召开后的次日在我们的网站上予以公布。Haveagoodnight’ssleeponthedayprevioustotheinterview.面试前一天晚上要睡个好觉。

2Adjectivesthatarecommonlyusedtoindicatesequenceincludenext,following,last,subsequent,previous,andpreceding.Forexample:thenextmorning,thefollowingclass,thelastweek,thesubsequentevents,thepreviousmeeting,theprecedingpageSectionBMeaning:Dorydiedinordertosavehiswife,Mavy.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

giveone’slife:dieinordertosaveotherpeopleorbecauseofastrongbelief捐躯；牺牲ThewholecommunitywasinmourningafterMr.Cartergavehislifetosavealittlegirlfromalake.卡特先生为了从湖中救一名小女孩而献出了自己的生命，整个社区陷入哀痛之中。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:WhenDoryheardloudgunshots,heimmediatelyfellontopofhiswifetoprotectherfrombeingshotasthebulletsshoweredonthem.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

ringout:producealoudclearsound发出响亮的声音

Lisa’slaughterrangoutintheroom.莉萨的笑声响彻房间。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

shield:vt.protectsb.orsth.frombeingharmedordamaged保护；保卫HeputonsunscreeninordertoshieldhisskinfromtheUVraysofthesun.他涂上防晒霜以保护皮肤免受太阳紫外线的伤害。n.[C]alargepieceofmetalorleatherthatsoldiersusedinthepasttoprotectthemselveswhenfighting盾；盾牌Hehadacollectionofshieldsfrommanycenturiesago.他收藏了一些很多世纪前的盾牌。

DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

shieldsb./sth.fromsb./sth.:protectsb.orsth.frombeingharmedordamagedbysb.orsth.保护…免受…的影响

Hetrieshisbesttoshieldhischildrenfromthepress.

他尽力保护自己的孩子免受媒体的打扰。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

hail:n.1)(a~ofbullets/stones,etc.)alargenumberofbullets,stones,etc.thatarefiredorthrownatsb.一阵弹雨/像雹子般袭来的石块等Inthebattle,theenemy’saircraftwasmetwithahailofgunfire.战斗中，敌人的飞机遭到一阵炮火的袭击。2)[U]frozenraindropswhichfallashardballsofice雹；冰雹Disastrousweatherincludesdroughts,floods,hail,andstrongwinds.灾害性天气包括干旱、洪水、冰雹和强风。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1vt.describesb.orsth.asbeingverygood把…称赞为；把…誉为LuXunhasbeenhailedbymanyasthefatherofmodernChineseliterature.鲁迅被很多人誉为中国现代文学之父。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaningbeyondwords:Bysaying“Dorydidn’tdieahero;helivedahero”,thepriestmeantthatDorywasaherothroughouthislife;hedidn’tbecomeaherosimplybecausehediedinabraveway.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

memorialservice:n.[C]aservicedoneormadeinordertoremindpeopleofsb.whohasdied追悼会；追悼仪式DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSentencestructurenote在Dorydidn’tdieahero;helivedahero这句话中，ahero是主语补足语。die后面可以接某些名词或形容词作为主语补足语。例如：Hisgrandmotherdiedanaturaldeath,asshewouldhavewanted.他的祖母寿终正寝，这正是她所希望的。

ThefamousEnglishpoetShelleydiedyoung,attheageof29.英国著名诗人雪莱英年早逝，年仅29岁。SectionBMeaning:DoryStoddardhadalwaysbeenknownforhisnoblespiritandhisloveforotherpeople.Hehadalwayshelpedotherswhenhewasalive,andhediedwhilehewashelpingothers.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

remarkable:

a.unusualorsurprisingandthereforedeservingattentionorpraise非凡的；惊人的；显著的Itisthatkindofcourageanddeterminationthatmakeshimamostremarkableperson.正是那种勇气和决心使他成为一个非凡的人。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

humanity:

n.1)[U]peopleingeneral人；人类（总称）Weshouldworkhardtocreateacleanandhealthyenvironmentforallhumanity.我们应该努力为全人类创造一个干净、健康的环境。2)[U]kindness,respect,andsympathytowardothers仁慈；博爱；同情心Heisamanofdeephumanity,soheishighlyrespected.他是个极富同情心的人，所以备受尊敬。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1

3)(~ies)[pl.]subjectsofstudysuchasliterature,history,orart,ratherthanscienceormathematics人文学科Thenumberofstudentsmajoringinthehumanitieshasincreasedrecently.主修人文学科的学生人数最近增加了。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

assist:

v.(fml.)helpsb.todosth.帮助；援助；协助Thisprogramaimstoassistsmallbusinessesinlearninghowtodobusinesswithbigcompanies.该计划旨在帮助小型企业学习如何与大公司做生意。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:DoryStoddardwasnotasoldierorapoliceofficer,buthewasaherobecauseheactedoutofhisinstinctinabraveandgracefulmannerwhenhewasinvolvedinunusualsituations.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

civilian:a.(onlybeforenoun)relatingtocivilians平民的；百姓的；民用的；非军职的Twentyyearslater,heleftthearmyandreturnedtocivilianlife.二十年后,他从军队退役，重新过上了平民的生活。n.[C]anyonewhoisnotamemberofthemilitaryforcesorthepolice平民；老百姓Thewarmademanyinnocentcivilianslosetheirhomes.这场战争使很多无辜的平民失去了家园。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

instinctive:

a.basedoninstinctandnotinvolvingthought本能的；天性的；直觉的It’saninstinctivereaction–ifachildfalls,youpickhimup.如果一个小孩摔倒了，你会扶他起来——

这是一种本能的反应。★instinctively:

ad.本能地；天性地；直觉地

Whenattacked,heinstinctivelyfoughtbacktodefendhimself.

当受到攻击时，他本能地还击，进行自卫。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

grace:

n.[U]1)kind,polite,andfairbehavior善意；礼貌；体谅Sheisagoodactor.Shecapturesthecharacter’sessentialgentlenessandgrace.她是个好演员。她抓住了角色温柔善良的本质。2)asmoothwayofmovingthatlooksnatural,relaxed,andattractive优美；优雅Aftertakingonlyfourdancinglessons,shewasabletodancewithgrace.她只上了四次舞蹈课就能跳得很优美了。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

with(good/agood)grace:inapleasantandwillingway有风度地；情愿地Johnfailedinthecompetition,butheacceptedthefailurewithgrace.

约翰在比赛中输了，但是他很有风度地接受了失败。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

be/getcaughtupinsth.:becomeinvolvedinsth.,esp.whenyoudonotwanttobe被卷入；陷入Theywerehavinganargument,butIdidn’twanttogetcaughtupinit.他们在争论，但我不想卷进去。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

circumstance:

n.[C,usu.pl.]theconditionsthataffectasituation,action,event,etc.情况；情形MyparentshavebeentellingmethatundernocircumstancesmayIcheatortelllies.我父母一直告诫我，无论什么情况下都不能欺骗或说谎。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Butwhataboutthosepeoplewhoaresupposedtobethefirsttoarriveatthespotanddealwithemergencies?Asthewifeofalatepoliceofficerputsit,itisthejobofthesepeopletorushforwardinthefaceofdanger.Meaningbeyondwords:Bysaying“whataboutfirstresponders”,theauthorisaskingthereaderwhetherfirstrespondersarealsoheroes.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

respond:

vi.dosth.asareactiontosth.thathasbeensaidordone作出反应；回应Thefiredepartmentrespondedtotheforestfirewithinminutes.几分钟之内消防部门就对森林大火作出了反应。★

responder:

n.[C]apersonorthingthatresponds回答者；回应者；应答器Thesetypesofquestionsgivehonestrespondersopportunitiestofurtherexplainwhattheypreviouslysaid.这类问题使诚实的回答者有机会进一步解释他们之前提供的信息。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1

★firstresponder:n.[C]sb.whoisoneofthefirstpeopletoarrivetodealwithanemergency,esp.aparamedic,policeofficer,orfirefighter现场急救人员；应急反应人员Firstresponderssuchasfirefightersoftenputothersbeforethemselveswhenenteringverydangerousareas.在进入非常危险的区域时，像消防员这样的应急救援人员往往把他人的安危置于自身的安危之上。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1

★inthewordsofsb./insb.’swords:assb.saysorwrites用某人的话来说Michaelandhiseldersisterwenttotheconcert,andinthewordsofhissister,itwasanighttoremember.

迈克尔和他姐姐一起去了音乐会，用他姐姐的话来说，那是难忘的一夜。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextHereafallenpoliceofficermeans“apoliceofficerwhohasbeenkilled”.NoteMeaning:The35-year-oldSergeantRyanRussellwasconsideredagoodmanandgoodpoliceman.Hebelieveddeeplythatitwashisdutytoprotectandservethepeople.InthecitycenterofToronto,Canada,allotheractivitiesstoppedwhenmorethan11,000policeofficersandotheremergencyrespondersmarchedseriouslythroughthestreetstoshowgreatrespectforhim.SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextNoteHere“goodmanandgoodcop”withthequotationmarksmeansthatthisiswhatotherpeoplehadsaidaboutSergeantRyanRussell.SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

solemn:a.involvingseriousbehaviororseriousattitudes严肃的；郑重的；庄严的Fromhissolemnexpression,weknewhewasdissatisfiedwiththeresults.

从他严肃的表情我们可以看出，他对结果不满意。★

solemnly:ad.严肃地；郑重地；庄严地“Iwilllovemycountryforever,”LiMingdeclaredsolemnly.“我将永远热爱我的祖国。”李明庄严宣誓。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

commitment:

n.[C]apromisetodosth.ortobehaveinaparticularway承诺Wemadeacommitmenttokeepworkingtogether.我们承诺继续合作。2)[U]thehardworkandloyaltythatsb.givestoanorganization,activity,etc.投入；忠诚；奉献Sheisknownforhercommitmenttoequalpayforequalwork.她因致力于同工同酬运动而闻名。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextNoteAscanbeseenintheexamplesentencesabove,commitmentcanbefollowedbyeitheraninfinitive“todosth.”oraprepositionalphrase“tosb./sth.”.SectionBMeaning:Hetriedtostopadrunkdriverinastolensnowplowwithonlyhispolicecarandhiskindnessandwillingnesstohelpothers.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

snowplow:

n.[C](BrE

snowplough)avehicleormachineforcleaningsnowfromroadsorrailways雪犁；扫雪机Detailedstudyofthetext

drunk,drunken1drunk和drunken都可用作形容词，表示“醉的”。但是在用法上，两个词有所不同：drunk一般用作表语形容词，而drunken通常用作定语形容词。例如：Themanwassodrunkthathecouldbarelygethiswordsout.这名男子酩酊大醉，几乎说不出话来。Acoupleofdrunkensoccerfanswerearguingwithapolicemanoutsidethestadium.几名喝醉的足球迷正在体育场外与一名警察争执。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextUsagenoteSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextUsagenote2drunk还可用作名词，表示“醉鬼；酒鬼；酗酒者”。例如：Drunkscanbeverydangerous,sobecarefularoundthem.喝醉酒的人会非常危险，所以在他们身边时要小心。3drunkdriver是固定用法，主要用于美国英语，意思是“醉酒驾车者”，英国英语则用drinkdriver。类似的用法还有drunkdriving(AmE)/drinkdriving(BrE)，表示“醉酒驾车”。SectionBMeaning:Inthepast,thewordherowasusedparticularlytorefertothosewhoactedwithremarkablecourageanddidsomethingthatwasnottheirduty.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

reservesth.forsb./sth.:keepsth.sothatitcanbeusedbyaparticularpersonorforaparticularpurpose（为某个人或某种用途）保留，留出Ifyougetthereearly,pleasereserveaseatforme.如果你到得早，请帮我留个位子。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

distinct:

a.1)(usu.beforenoun)definiteandobvious确实的；显著的

Aftershereadthebook,therewasadistinctchangeinherattitudetowardstudying.读了那本书之后，她对学习的态度有了明显的转变。

2)separateanddifferentinawaythatisclear有区别的；不同的；单独的Theregion’smarriagecustomsarequitedistinctfromthoseoftherestofthecountry.该地区的婚姻习俗与该国其他地区的大不相同。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程13)abletobeclearlyseen,heard,smelt,ortasted清晰的；清楚的；明显的Theoutlineoftheshipbecamemoredistinctwhenthesunrose.太阳升起时，船的轮廓变得更加清晰了。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextNoteTheexpressionitusedtobethat…meansthatsth.happenedcontinuouslyorfrequentlyduringaperiodinthepast.Forexample:Itusedtobethathekeptveryquietinclass.Butnowheenjoysansweringtheteacher’squestionsanddiscussingwithhisclassmates.以前他上课时总是默不作声，但是现在他喜欢回答老师的问题，以及和同学们一起讨论。SectionBMeaning:Asoldierisregardedasaherowhenherunsinahailofbulletsorshellstosavethelifeofotherarmymembers.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

military:

a.usedby,involving,orrelatingtothearmy,navy,orairforce军用的；军事的；军队的Itisnowamuseumofmilitaryhistory,butwasonceamilitarydefense.这里现在是一个军事历史博物馆，但曾经是一处军事防御设施。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

personnel:n.[pl.]thepeoplewhoworkinacompany,organization,ormilitaryforce（公司、组织或军队中的）人员，员工，职员Thepersonnelresponsibleforprocessingalltheselettersshallstayuntilthejobisdone.负责处理所有这些信件的人员要留下来，直到工作结束。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Thoseextraordinaryleaders,suchasNelsonMandela,arealsoregardedasheroes.Mandelamanagedtocomeoutofthedifficultsituationafterhehadbeenkeptaloneinaroominprisonfor27years.Hechosenottocomplainaboutthepast.Instead,asSouthAfrica’sfirstblackpresident,heworkedhardtobuildacountryinwhichpeoplecouldliveandworktogetherpeacefully,andhehelpeddifferentgroupsofpeopleinthecountrytosettlepastconflictsandbuildagoodrelationship.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

larger-than-life:

a.usedaboutaperson,situation,story,etc.whichseemsmoreexcitingorinterestingthanordinarypeopleorsituations,withtheresultthattheydonotseemtobereal富传奇色彩的；夸张的Tothechildren,thestarathletewhospokeattheschoolassemblywasalarger-than-lifehero.对孩子们来说，那个在全校大会上讲话的体育明星是一位具有传奇色彩的英雄。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextCulturenotesNelsonMandela:NelsonMandela(1918-2013)wasthefirstblackpresidentofSouthAfrica,whowasinofficefrom1994to1999.Beforehebecamepresident,Mandelawasananti-apartheidactivist(反种族隔离活动家)andtheleaderofthearmedwingoftheAfricanNationalCongress(非洲国民大会).In1962hewasarrestedandsentencedtolifeimprisonmentin1964.Heserved27yearsinprison.OnFebruary11,1990,theSouthAfricangovernmentunderPresidentF.W.deKlerkreleasedMandelafromprison.SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextCulturenotesShortlyafterhisrelease,MandelaledhispartyinnegotiationswithdeKlerktoendapartheidandbroughtaboutapeacefultransitiontononracialdemocracyinSouthAfrica.AspresidentofSouthAfrica,hetriedhisbesttofightpovertyandinequality.In1993,NelsonMandelaandF.W.deKlerkwerejointlyawardedtheNobelPeacePrizefortheirworkinendingapartheid.SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

jail:

n.[C,U]aplacewherepeopleareputaftertheyhavebeenarrestedorwherepeoplegoaspunishmentforacrime监狱；看守所

Theydon’tthrowyouinjailforparkingillegally,buttheywilltowyourcarandchargeyouafine.他们不会因为你违章停车而将你送进监狱，可是他们会拖走你的车，还会罚款。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

confine:

vt.keepsb.inaplacethattheycannotleave,suchasaprison监禁；禁闭Thecriminalwascaughtandconfinedtoprisonfortwoyears.那名罪犯被捕了，并在监狱里关了两年。

DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程12)keepsb.orsth.withinthelimitsofaparticularactivityorsubject把…局限于；把…限制于Althoughherpositionwasassistantmanager,herdutieswereconfinedtofilingreportsonconsumercomplaints.虽然她的职位是经理助理，但是她的职责只限于把客户的投诉报告进行归档。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

solitary:

a.1)doingsth.withoutanyoneelsewithyou单独的；无伴的

Shehasbeenverykindtothataging,solitaryneighbor.她对那个上了年纪的独居邻居一直很好。

2)(onlybeforenoun)usedtoemphasizethatthereisonlyoneofsth.单个的；唯一的Hestoodinfrontofthesmallhouseandsawasolitarylightburningdimlyinthelivingroom.他站在小屋前，看到客厅里有一盏孤灯发出昏暗的光。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

chamber:

n.[C]1)aroomusedforaspecialpurpose,esp.anunpleasantone作特殊用途的房间（尤指不好的用途）

Thedivingaccidentvictimhadtogointoachamberfortreatment.那位潜水事故的受害者不得不进入治疗舱进行治疗。2)alargeroominapublicbuilding,esp.oneusedformeetings大厅；（尤指）会议厅Thedebatefinishedandthemembersleftthechambershortlyafterward.辩论会结束后，成员们很快就离开了会议厅。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

establish:

vt.1)beginarelationshipwithsb.orasituationthatwillcontinue建立（关系或联系）Theprogramaimstoestablishlinksbetweenhighereducationandcareeradvancement.该项目旨在建立高等教育与职业发展之间的联系。

2)makesth.starttoexistorstarttohappen建立；创立；设立

Ourhealthresearchcenterwasestablishedoneyearago.我们的健康研究中心是一年前创建的。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1DetailedstudyofthetextCollocationnoteWecanestablishacompany/organization/school,etc.Wecanalsoestablishsomethingthatisabstract,suchasestablishharmony/confidence/innocence/fame/truth/trust/ahabit/atradition,etc.SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程1★

harmony:

n.[U]asituation