05阅读四选一训练之科普知识类-2024年中考英语阅读理解提分宝典

05阅读四选一训练之科普知识类（2023·江西·统考中考真题）ABrightIdeaEvansWadongowasfromavillageofAfrica.Hehadtodohomeworkbythelightofakerosenelamp（煤油灯）.Evans’eyeshurtandthismadestudyingdifficult.Itwasmoninhisvillage.Manychildrenleftschoolforthisreason,sotheyremainedpoorfortherestoftheirlives.Althoughstudyingwasdifficult,Evanswasanexcellentstudentandwenttoauniversity.Hecontinuedtoworryaboutthekerosenelamp.Bythistime,herealizeditwasnotjustbadforschoolchildrenbutforthewholefamily.First,itcancauseillnessessuchascoughs.Also,thelightcanhurtpeople’seyes.Besides,itcanleadtofires.Lastly,keroseneisexpensive,sofamilieshavelessmoneyforfood.Itwasdifficulttoeupwithadifferentkindoflampthatwascheapandgoodfortheenvironment.YetEvansdidnotgiveup.Oneday,hehadanidea.Hecoulduseasmallsolar（太阳能的）light.Sunlightisfreeandsolarpowerisgoodfortheenvironment.Evansbuilthisfirstsolarlamp,anditworked.Hebegantobuildmorelampsandsentthemtolocalfamilies.Anorganizationheardaboutthisandprovidedmoneyforhimtobuildmoresolarlamps.Eachlamponlycost$20.However,thiswasalotofmoneytomanyvillagers,whoonlyearnedaround$34aweek,soEvansmadesurehekeptthecostdown.First,Evansusedrecycledmaterials.Next,volunteersbuiltthelamps.Finally,peoplefrommanycountriesgaveawaymoneytohisteam,sothelampswereusuallyfree.Thousandsofpeoplehadsafelight.Julia,amotherofthree,said,“ThankstoEvans,mychildrenhavelighttoread,andIhavemyownlighttocook.”Thesolarlampsmadeabigdifference.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph1referto?A．Leavingschool. B．Doinghomework.C．Havingeyeproblems. D．Havingabrightidea.2．HowmanyproblemsaboutkerosenelampsarementionedaccordingtoParagraph2?A．6. B．5. C．4. D．3.3．Putthefollowinginformationintocorrectorderaccordingtothepassage.a.Evanswenttoauniversity.b.Thousandsofpeoplehadsafelight.c.Hisfirstsolarlampwasinvented.d.KerosenelampshurtEvans’eyes.e.Recycledmaterialswereusedinthelamps.f.Peoplefrommanycountriesgaveawaymoney.A．dacefb B．dfbaec C．adfecb D．aecdfb4．WhydoesthewritergiveJulia’sexampleinParagraph5?A．ToshareJulia’sexperience. B．ToshowEvans’influence.C．TodescribeEvans’feelings. D．TointroduceEvans’invention.5．WhatisEvanslikeaccordingtothepassage?A．Polite,talentedandhumorous. B．Quiet,smartandhonest.C．Humorous,cleverandfriendly. D．Hardworking,lovingandcreative.【答案】1．C2．C3．A4．B5．D【导语】本文主要讲述了Evans发明并制作太阳能灯的过程。1．词句猜测题。根据“Evans’eyeshurtandthismadestudyingdifficult.”可知，Evans的眼睛疼，这使学习很困难。因此this指代“眼睛疼”这件事。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据“First,itcancauseillnessessuchascoughs.Also,thelightcanhurtpeople’seyes.Besides,itcanleadtofires.Lastly,keroseneisexpensive,sofamilieshavelessmoneyforfood.”可知，首先，它会导致咳嗽等疾病。此外，光线会伤害人们的眼睛。此外，它还可能导致火灾。最后，煤油很贵，所以家庭买食物的钱更少。因此，文章一共提到使用煤油灯的4个问题。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据“Hehadtodohomeworkbythelightofakerosenelamp(煤油灯).Evans’eyeshurtandthismadestudyingdifficult.”可知，煤油灯让Evans的眼睛疼。根据“Althoughstudyingwasdifficult,Evanswasanexcellentstudentandwenttoauniversity.”可知，尽管学习非常艰难，Evans是个优秀的学生，并进入了大学。根据“Evansbuilthisfirstsolarlamp,anditworked.”可知，Evans制作了第一台太阳能灯。根据“First,Evansusedrecycledmaterials.Next,volunteersbuiltthelamps.Finally,peoplefrommanycountriesgaveawaymoneytohisteam,sothelampswereusuallyfree.”可知，Evans使用回收材料制灯，志愿者也来制灯，最后，来自许多国家的人给他的团队捐款。因此，事件的正确顺序为dacefb。故选A。4．推理判断题。根据“Thousandsofpeoplehadsafelight.Julia,amotherofthree,said,‘ThankstoEvans,mychildrenhavelighttoread,andIhavemyownlighttocook.’Thesolarlampsmadeabigdifference.”可知，成千上万的人有安全的照明。Julia是三个孩子的母亲，她说：“多亏了Evans，我的孩子们有了读书的灯，我也有了做饭的灯。”太阳能灯起到了很大的作用。举Julia的例子是为了说明Evans的发明创造给人们带来的影响。故选B。5．推理判断题。通读本文可知，Evans在艰苦的学习环境下还上了大学，说明他非常勤奋，他为了解决使用煤油灯带来的一系列问题，发明创造了太阳能灯，说明他富有创造性，他想方设法降低太阳能灯的制作成本，让穷人也能用得上太阳能灯，说明他富有爱心。故选D。（2023·广东广州·统考中考真题）puterscientistMaryhasanideaforanewrobottohelpherworkwithchildren.Howshoulditlook?Therobotshouldhavearmstobeabletoliftthings.Andifitisgoingtomunicatewithpeople,itwillalsoneedaface.Scientistsbelievethatgivingarobotafacecanmakeitseemmorefriendly.Humanswouldalsoliketopaymoreattentiontorobotswithfaces.Butwhatkind?ForMary,shewantstomakesurethathernewrobotdoesn’tlooktoomuchlikeahuman.Shewantspeopletojusttreatitasamachineperson.Ifitlooksmorelikeahumanthanamachine,shethinksusersmightfinditabitcreepyandfeelafraid.Maryalsobelievesthatrobotfacesdon’tneedtolookalotlikeours.Herresearchshowsthatwecanenjoymunicatingwithrobotswhetherornottheylooklikehumans,becauseourbrainsareabletolookforfaces.Justputtwocirclesontopofarobot’sbody,andwewillseeaface.Davefeelsdifferently.Hebelievesthatalthoughatfirstwemightbeafraidwhenseeingarobotwithalifelikeface,wemaysoongetusedtoit.Ifrobotsaregoingtoworkcloselywithhumans,theyshouldlookasmuchlikeusaspossible.Afterall,facesareanimportantpartofthewaywemunicate.Tomakehisrobotslookasmuchlikerealpeopleaspossible,Daveinventedaspecialskin(皮肤)fortheirfaces.Withthisskin,robotscanshowhumanlikeexpressionsandappeartobeangry,sad,happyorsurprised.Dave’srobotsarealsoprogrammedtocopyexpressions.How?Justimaginehisrobotislookingatyou.Thecamerasinitseyessendpicturesofyourfacetoitscentralputer!1．Whydoscientiststhinkarobotneedsaface?A．Itwillbeemorebeautiful. B．Itcandobetterinliftingthings.C．Itwillpaymoreattentiontochildren. D．Itcanbettermunicatewithpeople.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“creepy”meaninparagraph2?A．Unfortabletolookat. B．Impossibletotouch.C．Boringtotalkto. D．Difficulttounderstand.3．WhichofthefollowingwouldDavemostprobablyagreewith?A．Peopleshouldtreatrobotsashumans.B．Robotsneedtoexpresstheirownfeelings.C．Robotsshouldn'tlooktoomuchlikehumans.D．Peoplecaneasilyacceptrobotswithahumanface.4．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toexplainthereasonswhyrobotsshouldhavefaces.B．Tosuggestwhathumanscandowithrobotswithfaces.C．Toshareideasonwhatkindoffacesrobotsshouldhave.D．Toshowhowscientistsinventrobotswithdifferentfaces.【答案】1．D2．A3．D4．C【导语】本文主要介绍两个人对机器人是否要有人形脸持有的不同看法。1．细节理解题。根据“Andifitisgoingtomunicatewithpeople,itwillalsoneedaface.”可知要与人交流，故需要脸。故选D。2．词义猜测题。根据“Ifitlooksmorelikeahumanthanamachine,shethinksusersmightfinditabitcreepyandfeelafraid.”可知划线词与“feelafraid”并列，结合选项可知应是“看着不舒服”。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据“Hebelievesthatalthoughatfirstwemightbeafraidwhenseeingarobotwithalifelikeface,wemaysoongetusedtoit.”可知尽管机器人有人形脸可能一开始看起来令人害怕，但是我们会很快适应，说明人们能轻松地接受人形脸的机器人。故选D。4．主旨大意题。本文主要讨论机器人需要什么脸型，C项符合。故选C。（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）Manyofushaveseenrainbowsintheskyoncethesunstartsshiningagainafteritrains.Forustoseearainbow,theconditionsneedtobejustright.Weneedsomewaterdropsintheair,likerainorevenfog,andweneedthesuntobebehindusandquitelowtotheground.Thisisbecausearainbowiscreatedbylightpassingthroughwaterdrops.Thelightthatesfromthesunseemswhitetous.Butthewhitelightweseeismadeupofamixofdifferentcolors.Whenthelightgoesthrougharaindrop,thesecolorscanseparateout.Eachofthecolorsintherainbowhasadifferent“wavelength”(波长).Raindropslooklikelittleballs.Whenlighthitsoneoftheselittleballsofwater,thelightcanchangedirection.Wecallthis“refraction”(折射).Eachofthedifferentwavelengthsisrefracteddifferently.Ifthelighthitstheraindropattherightplace,therefractionseparatesthewavelengthsoutintotheirdifferentcolors.Wearetaughttherearesevencolors:red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigoandviolet.Butthisisn’texactlytrue.Blueandgreenarenexttoeachotherintherainbow,whichiswhywecanseeturquoise(amixofblueandgreen).Brownisamixofredandgreen.Buttheyaren’tnexttoeachotherintherainbow,sowedon’tseethemmixtomakebrown.Wewouldneverseeblackandwhiteinarainbow.Blackiswhatweseewhenthere’snolightatall.Ontheotherhand,whiteisamixofallthecolorstogether.Whenlightisrefractedbyraindrops,itseparatesthewhitelightout,meaningitisnolongerwhite.1．Wecanseearainbowundertherightconditionsbecause________.A．theraindropsarelikelittleballs B．thelightgoesthroughraindropsC．thesunshineseemstobecolorful D．theweatherisfoggyafteritrains2．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweknowaboutthecolorsintherainbow?A．Theycanbeebrownorblack. B．Thereareonlysevencolorsinall.C．Theymixtomakethewhitelight. D．Theirownplacescanbechanged.3．Whichpartofamagazinemaythispassagebetakenfrom?A．Science. B．Health. C．Culture. D．Fashion.4．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Howarethecolorsreceivedintherainbow?B．Whencanthecolorsturnblueintherainbow?C．Whichcolorsaren’tcoveredwithlightintherainbow?D．Whycan’twefindwhite,blackandbrownintherainbow?【答案】1．B2．C3．A4．D【导语】本文主要介绍了彩虹的形成以及对彩虹颜色知识的科普。1．细节理解题。根据“Thisisbecausearainbowiscreatedbylightpassingthroughwaterdrops.”可知因为光线穿过了雨滴，在合适的条件下，我们可以看到彩虹。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“Whenlightisrefractedbyraindrops,itseparatesthewhitelightout,meaningitisnolongerwhite.”（当光线被雨滴折射时，它将白光分离出来，这意味着它不再是白色的。）可知彩虹的颜色混合在一起发出白光，故选C。3．推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了彩虹的形成以及对彩虹颜色知识的科普，所以文章应该来自杂志的科学部分，故选A。4．最佳标题题。根据“Wearetaughttherearesevencolors:red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigoandviolet.Butthisisn’texactlytrue...Buttheyaren’tnexttoeachotherintherainbow,sowedon’tseethemmixtomakebrown.”和“Wewouldneverseeblackandwhiteinarainbow.”可知，我们被教导有七种颜色：红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛和紫，但是我们在彩虹中看不见白色，黑色和棕色，所以D选项符合，故选D。（2023·河南·统考中考真题）AccordingtoKenCroswell,theSunandtheMoonaredifferent.WeoftenthinkthattheSunrulesthedayandtheMoonrulesthenight.That’skindofright,butnottotally.TheSunshinesallthetime.Itshinesduringthedaywhenweseeit,andevenatnightwhenwedon’t.AstheEarthturns,sometimeswefacetheSun.That’swhenwegetday.WhentheEarth’sspin(自转)turnsusawayfromtheSunandweareintheEarth’sshadow,wegetnight.WhenpeopleontheoppositesideoftheEarthfacetheSun,thosepeoplehavedaywhilewehavenight.TheMoonisadifferentstory.UnliketheSun,itdoesn’tmakeitsownlight.MoonlightisactuallytheSun’slightreflecting(反射)theMoonbacktous.TheSunlightsuponlythesideoftheMoonthatfacestheSun.AtFullMoon,theMoonisontheoppositesideoftheEarthfromtheSun.ThenthesideoftheMoonfacingtheEarthisalllitup.DuringFullMoon,theMoonrisesaroundsunset,shinesallnight,andsetsaroundsunrise.Sincehemoonlightissobright,youcansometimesseeitduringtheday,too.AfewdaysbeforeFullMoon,ifyoulookeastintheafternoon,youmayseetheMooninthesky.AfterFullMoon,youmayfinditifyoulookwestinthemorning.TheMoonismostdifficulttoseeatNewMoon,whenitsorbit(轨道)putsitbetweentheEarthandtheSun.Then,thesideoftheMoonfacingtheEarthisdarkandwecan’tseetheMoonatall.1．WhatcanweknowabouttheSun?A．TheSunrulestheMoon.B．TheSunshinesduringbothdayandnight.C．TheSunlightsupallthesidesoftheMoon.D．TheSunshineseverywhereontheEarthatthesametime.2．Whichofthefollowinginthedictionarybestexplainstheunderlinedword“shadow”inParagraph3?shadown.①theshapeoftheEarth②theforcefromtheSun③thedarkareaontheEarth④theoppositesideoftheSunA．① B．② C．③ D．④3．WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytalkabout?A．HowtheMoonmakesitslight.B．WhythereisdayandnightontheEarth.C．WhytheMooncanbeseenduringtheday.D．WhatthedifferenceisbetweenFullMoonandNewMoon.4．WhichfollowingpictureshowsusNewMoon?A． B． C． D．5．Whatisthetheme(主题)ofthetext?A．Culture. B．Science. C．Education. D．Technology.【答案】1．B2．C3．C4．A5．B【导语】本文主要科普了一些关于太阳、月球和地球之间的知识。1．细节理解题。根据“TheSunshinesallthetime.Itshinesduringthedaywhenweseeit,andevenatnightwhenwedon’t.”可知太阳白天黑夜都照耀着。故选B。2．词义猜测题。根据“WhentheEarth’sspin(自转)turnsusawayfromtheSun...wegetnight”可知当地球自转使我们远离太阳时，天就变黑了，所以shadow指的是地球上的黑暗区域，故选C。3．段落大意题。根据“DuringFullMoon,theMoonrisesaroundsunset,shinesallnight,andsetsaroundsunrise.Sincehemoonlightissobright,youcansometimesseeitduringtheday,too.”（满月时，月亮在日落时升起，整夜闪耀，在日出时落下。由于月光如此明亮，你有时在白天也能看到它。）可知第五段主要讲述了为什么在白天可以看到月亮，故选C。4．推理判断题。根据“TheMoonismostdifficulttoseeatNewMoon,whenitsorbit(轨道)putsitbetweentheEarthandtheSun.Then,thesideoftheMoonfacingtheEarthisdarkandwecan’tseetheMoonatall.”可知在新月时，当月球的轨道位于地球和太阳之间时，是最难看到月亮的。然后，月球面向地球的那一面是黑暗的，我们根本看不到月球，结合图片，A选项符合，故选A。5．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文主要科普了一些关于太阳、月球和地球之间的知识，所以本文主题为科学，故选B。（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）Takecareofyourplants!Theymay“shout”ifyoutreatthembadly.Plantscanmakesoundswhentheyarestressed,accordingtoarecentstudy.“Plantsusesoundtomunicatewithanimalsallthetime,soitwouldbeveryinconvenientforplantsnottousesoundatall.”LilachHadany,coauthor(合著者)ofthestudy,toldScienceFocus.Withthisinmind,theresearchteamstartedbyrecordingplants’sounds.Theyputsweetpepperandtomatoplantsinsoundproofboxestoshutoffthenoiseintheenvironment.Severalultrasonicmicrophones(超声波麦克风)werethenputneartheplants,whichcanrecordbetween20and250kilohertz(千赫兹).Ahumanadult’searcanhearabout16kilohertz.Therewerethreegroupsofplants:Onegroupwasn’twateredforfivedays,anothergrouphadsomepartscutoffandthelastgroupwasuntouched.Themicrophonescaughtsoundsfrom40to80kilohertzfromthefirsttwogroups.Thesound,whichwassimilartothenoiseofpopcornpoppinggrewlouderandlouderduringthefivedaysofwaterstress.Theythenbegantobeeweakerandweakerastheplantsdriedout.Astressedplanproducedthepoppingsoundaround30to50timesperhour,whiletheuntouchedgrouponlyproducedaroundonceperhour,accordingtothestudy.1．Plantsuse________tomunicatewithanimalsallthetimeaccordingtothestudy.A．sound B．smell C．light2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“soundproof”mean?A．发出声音的 B．隔离声音的 C．吸收声音的3．Ahumanadult’searcanhearabout________.A．16kilohertz B．20kilohertz C．250Kilohertz4．Accordingtothestudy,theuntouchedgroupoftheplantsproducedthepoppingsoundaround________.A．40to80timesperhour B．30to60timesperhour C．onceperhour5．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Plantscanmakesounds.B．Howtotakecareofyourplants.C．Theteammademachinelearningapplications.【答案】1．A2．B3．A4．C5．A【导语】本文主要介绍了根据研究证明，植物在受到压力时可以发出声音，并具体介绍了研究的内容和过程以及结果。1．细节理解题。根据“Plantsusesoundtomunicatewithanimalsallthetime”可知，植物一直用声音与动物交流，故选A。2．词义猜测题。根据“Theyputsweetpepperandtomatoplantsinsoundproofboxestoshutoffthenoiseintheenvironment”可知，把这两种植物放在能隔绝环境中的噪音的盒子里，由此可推断这个盒子是隔音的，故选B。3．细节理解题。根据“Ahumanadult’searcanhearabout16kilohertz”可知，成年人的耳朵可以听到大约16千赫兹的声音，故选A。4．细节理解题。根据“whiletheuntouchedgrouponlyproducedaroundonceperhour”可知，而未接触的那组每小时只产生一次，故选C。5．主旨大意题。根据“Plantscanmakesoundswhentheyarestressed,accordingtoarecentstudy”及全文的内容可知，本文主要介绍了根据研究证明，植物在受到压力时可以发出声音，故选A。（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）SomepeoplebelievethathumanscouldliveontheplanetMarsbytheyear2100.Ourownplanet,theEarth,isbeingmoreandmorecrowdedandpolluted.ItishopedthatpeoplecouldstartalloveragainandbuildabetterworldonMars.Hereiswhatlifetherecouldbelike.Atpresent,ourspacecraftaretooslowtocarrylargenumbersofpassengerstoMars—itwouldtakemonths.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,bytheyear2100,thejourneymightonlytakeabout20minutesinspacecraftthattravelatthespeedoflight!However,thespacecraftwouldtravelreallyfast,sothejourneytoMarsmightbequiteunfortable.Manypeoplewouldfeelill.Humanscan’tlivewithoutwater,airorfood.Sofar,nobodyknowswhethertherewouldbeenoughwateroraironMarsforpeople.Moreover,scientistsarenotsurewhetherplantscouldgrowonMars.Foodwouldmostprobablybeintheformofpills（药片）andwouldnotbesotasty.paredwithlifeontheearth,lifeonMarswouldbebetterinsomeways.Peoplewouldhavemorespace.Theymightliveinhouseswithhugefortablerooms.Also,robotswoulddoalotoftheirworksothattheycouldhavemoretimetorelax.TherewouldprobablybenoschoolsonMars.Everystudentwouldstudyatonlineschoolswith“e—teachers”.LifeonMarswouldbeinterestingandchallenging.However,itmaytakehundredoryearstomakeittrue.Sothemostimportantthingweneedtodonowistoprotectourbeautifulblueplanet—theEarth!1．PeoplewouldmovetoMarsbecause________.A．theearthiscrowdedandpolluted B．theywanttochallengethemselvesC．flyingtoMarswouldbefun D．plantscouldgrowbetterthere2．Theunderlinedword“spacecraft”means________.A．Spaceships B．hotairballoons C．spacestations D．planes3．WhatwouldtheflighttoMarsbelikebytheyear2100?A．Fastandenjoyable. B．Fastbutunfortable.C．Slowandboring. D．Slowbutfortable.4．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．TherewouldbeenoughwaterandaironMarsforpeople.B．FoodonMarswouldbemoredeliciousthanthatontheearth.C．PeoplewouldbebusywithworkonMars.D．ThewriterthinkslivingonMarswouldbefullofchallenges.5．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．SchoolsonMars B．FoodonMarsC．LifeonMars D．EnvironmentontheEarth【答案】1．A2．A3．B4．D5．C【导语】本文主要介绍了关于火星的一些信息和关于人类生活在火星上的一些想象。1．细节理解题。根据第1段“Ourownplanet,theEarth,isbeingmoreandmorecrowdedandpolluted.”可知，因为我们自己的星球，地球正变得越来越拥挤和污染，所以才决定去火星，故选A。2．词义猜测题。根据“Atpresent,ourspacecraftaretooslowtocarrylargenumbersofpassengerstoMars”（现在，我们的宇宙飞船太慢以至于不能带大量的人去火星）可知带人们去火星的应该是宇宙飞船，spacecraft应该是“宇宙飞船”的意思，故选A。3．细节理解题。根据第2段“However,thespacecraftwouldtravelreallyfast,sothejourneytoMarsmightbequiteunfortable.”（然而，宇宙飞船的速度非常快，所以前往火星的旅程可能会非常不舒服。）可知去火星的飞行很快但不舒服，故选B。4．细节理解题。根据倒数第2段“LifeonMarswouldbeinterestingandchallenging.”可知，火星上的生活将是有趣而富有挑战性的。故选D。5．标题归纳题。根据整篇文章和第1段“ItishopedthatpeoplecouldstartalloveragainandbuildabetterworldonMars,Hereiswhatlifetherecouldbelike.”（人们希望人类可以重新开始，在火星上建立一个更美好的世界，那里的生活可以是这样的。）可知，文章是想象人们搬到火星上的生活。故选C。（2023·山东烟台·统考中考真题）April23isknownasWorldBookDay.TheideaofsettingadaytoencouragereadingcameoutfromUNESCO(联合国教科文组织)in1995.Infact,itstartedlongbeforethatinSpain.In1922,SpanishwriterVicenteClavelAndréssuggestedtheideaasawaytohonortheirfamouswriterMigueldeCervantes.Fouryearslater,thefirstcelebrationtookplaceonOctober7,Cervantes’birthday.In1930,itwasmovedtoApril23,thedateofhisdeath.Everyyearsince2001,onecityaroundtheworldischosentobetheUNESCOWorldBookCapitalforayear.Thetaskofthecityistocarryoutactivitiestoencourage“acultureofreadingandspreadingitsvaluesinallagesinandoutofthecountry.”ThoughnoChinesecitieshavebeenchosenastheWorldBookCapitalsofar,arecentnationalsurveyshowsasteady(稳定的)riseinreadingasahabitinChina.Accordingtothesurvey,eachChineseadultreadanaverageof4.78printedbooksand3.33ebooksin2022,bothabithigherthanthefiguresfrom2021.Besides,listeningtoaudiobooks(有声读物)wasanotherrisinghabit,with35.5percentofadultssayingtheywereusedtolisteningtothem.Readingbooksgivespeoplethechancetolookintodifferentworldsandmeetnewpeoplebothrealandimagined.AncientChinesebelievedinthesaying:Readtenthousandbooksandtraveltenthousandmiles.Readingisawaytolearnfromthepast,understandtheworld,andgetlifewisdom(智慧).SomakeeverydayWorldBookDay!1．WhendidSpainfirstholdacelebrationtohonorCervantes?A．In1922. B．In1926. C．In1930. D．In1995.2．WhatshouldaWorldBookCapitalcitydo?A．Helpsellbookstoallages. B．SpreadUNESCO’svalues.C．Organizereaderstovisitthecity. D．Carryoutreadingactivities.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3referto(指代)?A．Printedbooks. B．Ebooks. C．Audiobooks. D．Culturalbooks.4．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．ThemeaningofaChinesesaying.B．Theimportanceofreadingbooks.C．Themethodofgettinglifewisdom.D．Thewayoflookingintodifferentworlds【答案】1．B2．D3．C4．B【导语】本文主要介绍了“世界读书日”的由来、世界图书之都的意义以及读书的重要性。1．细节理解题。根据“In1922,...Fouryearslater,thefirstcelebrationtookplaceonOctober7,Cervantes’birthday.”可知，第一次庆祝是在1926年，故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“Thetaskofthecityistocarryoutactivitiestoencourage‘acultureofreadingandspreadingitsvaluesinallagesinandoutofthecountry.’”可知，世界图书之都的任务是开展活动，鼓励“一种阅读文化，并在国内外各个年龄段传播其价值观”。故选D。3．代词指代题。根据“Besides,listeningtoaudiobooks(有声读物)wasanotherrisinghabit,with35.5percentofadultssayingtheywereusedtolisteningtothem.”（此外，听有声书是另一个日益增长的习惯，35.5%的成年人表示他们习惯听有声书）可知，划线的them指的是上文提到的“有声书”，故选C。4．段落大意题。根据“Readingbooksgivespeoplethechancetolookintodifferentworldsandmeetnewpeoplebothrealandimagined...”可知，本段主要讲述了读书的重要性，故选B。（2023·山东泰安·统考中考真题）ChinahassentthefinalsectionofitsTiangongspacestationintospace.Aftera13hourtrip,thenewsection,knownasMengtian,docked(对接)withTiangongspacestationontheearlymorningofNovember1st,2022,finallypletingit.ThenewsectionwaslaunchedfromHainanIslandinthesouthofChina.Foryears,Chinahasbeenworkinghardtocreateitsownspacestation.Lastyear,Chinabegantolaunchthreemodules(舱)ofTiangongspacestation,oneatatime.Themainmodule,Tianhe,waslaunchedinApril2021.Itholdsthepowersourceandmaincontrolsforthestation,aswellastheastronauts’livingarea.InJuly2022,Chinalauncheditsfirstlaboratorymodule,Wentian,whichisthecountry’slargesteverspacecraft.Thenewmodule,Mengtian(meaning“dreamingoftheheavens”),isalsodesignedasalaboratory.Itisabout18meterslongandhas8specialresearchareasforexperiments(实验).Mengtianissetupsothatexperimentscanalsoberunoutsidethemoduleitself.ChineseastronautscanusespecialroboticarmstorunexperimentsfrominsideTiangong.China’sspaceprogramisworkingwiththeEuropeanSpaceAgencyonsomeexperimentsontheMengtian,Chinasaysthatoneday,foreignastronautswillalsobeabletovisitTiangong.Tiangongspacestationisexpectedtolast10to15years.ThoughtheMengtianmodulepletesthestation,Chinacouldaddmoremodulesinthefuture.China’sspaceprogramhasgrowngreatlyinrecentyearswithaseriesofsuccesses.In2020,forexample,itsChang’e5probereturnedtotheearthcarryingmoonrocks.Thosewerethefirstmoonsamplesbroughttotheearthsincethe1970s.1．Themeaningoftheunderlinedword“launched”inthefirstparagraphistheclosestto“________”.A．sentup B．landed C．takenoff D．setup2．Whichmoduleistheastronauts’livingareain?A．Tianhe. B．Wentian. C．Mengtian. D．Itisnotmentioned.3．WhenwasChina’slargestspacecraftlaunched?A．In2020. B．InApril2021.C．InJuly2022. D．OnNovember1st,2022.4．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．NomoremodulescanbedockedwithTiangonginthefuture.B．Chang’e5probebroughtmoonrocksbacktotheearthin2020.C．ChinacreatedTiangongspacestationtogetherwithEuropeanSpaceAgency.D．Chineseastronautscan’tuseroboticarmstorunexperimentsfrominsideTiangong.【答案】1．A2．A3．C4．B【导语】本文主要介绍了中国在航天事业上的发展。1．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Foryears,Chinahasbeenworkinghardtocreateitsownspacestation.Lastyear,Chinabegantolaunchthreemodules(舱)ofTiangongspacestation,oneatatime.”可知多年来，中国一直在努力建设自己的空间站。去年，中国应该是开始发射天宫空间站的三个模块，一次一个，所以第一段的launched表示“发射”，和sentup近义，故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“Themainmodule,Tianhe,waslaunchedinApril2021.Itholdsthepowersourceandmaincontrolsforthestation,aswellastheastronauts’livingarea.”可知宇航员的生活区在天河舱，故选A。3．细节理解题。根据“InJuly2022,Chinalauncheditsfirstlaboratorymodule,Wentian,whichisthecountry’slargesteverspacecraft.”可知2022年7月，中国发射了有史以来最大的航天器。故选C。4．细节理解题。根据“In2020,forexample,itsChang’e5probereturnedtotheearthcarryingmoon’rocks.”可知2020年，嫦娥五号探测器将月球岩石带回了地球。故选B。（2023·重庆·统考中考真题）Squirrels(松鼠)arecuteandinterestinganimalsthatcanbefoundinmanypartsoftheworld.Theyareknownfortheirlongtails,bigteeth,andtheabilitytoclimbtrees.Theycanjumpupto6metersinheight,andtheycanrunupto32kilometerseveryhour.Squirrelshavesoftbodies.Theireyesarehighontheirsmallheadsandareplacedoneachsidesotheycanseewideandfarwithouthavingtoturnaround.Thisoftenhelpsthemgetoutofdanger.Squirrelshavefourbigteethinthefrontoftheirmouththatkeepgrowingallthroughtheirlives.Theyareknownfortheirloveofnuts(坚果),andtheycaneatasmuchfoodastheirbodyweighteachweek.Theywilloftenkeepnutsinthegroundforthelongwintermonths.Manypeoplethinkthatsquirrelsonlyeatnuts,butthisisn’ttrue.Theyalsoliketoeatplants,fruits,eggs,smallanimalsandevenyoungsnakes.Onefunnythingisthatsquirrelsaregoodatplantingtrees.Theyhidethefruitsofoaktrees,butoftenforgetwheretheyputthem.Intheend,theforgottenfruitsbeebigtrees.1．Howhighcansquirrelsjump?A．6meters. B．6kilometers. C．32meters. D．32kilometers.2．Whatdosquirrelshave?A．Shorttails. B．Bigteeth. C．Coldbodies. D．Bigheads.3．Whydosquirrelskeepnutsintheground?A．Toeatinwinter. B．Toplanttrees. C．Tolosesomeweight. D．Tohavefun.4．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanyouprobablyreadthispassage?A．Art. B．Sports. C．Animals. D．History.【答案】1．A2．B3．A4．C【导语】本文主要介绍了有关松鼠的相关知识。1．细节理解题。根据“Theycanjumpupto6metersinheight”可知松鼠可以跳到6米高，故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“Theyareknownfortheirlongtails,bigteeth,andtheabilitytoclimbtrees.”可知松鼠有大牙齿，故选B。3．细节理解题。根据“Theywilloftenkeepnutsinthegroundforthelongwintermonths.”可知松鼠把坚果藏在地下是为了在冬天吃。故选A。4．推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了有关松鼠的相关知识，所以可以在杂志的动物部分看到，故选C。（2023·四川德阳·统考中考真题）Inthenearfuture,thedoctorswhotreatourillnessmightbetinymachinesthatswimthroughourbodies.Somemovieshaveplayedwiththeideaofm