湖北省鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟学校起点考试2024-2025学年高一上学期开学考试英语试题

2024年秋季鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟学校起点考试高一英语试卷考试时间：2024年10月15日上午09：4511：45试卷满分：150分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatconcernsthemanabouttheoilpany?A.Itcauseswaterpollution.B.Itmakeslocalslosetheirjobs.C.Itresultsinafightonsocialmedia.2.Wherewillthemanbe?A.Athome.B.Inashop.C.Inatheater.3.Whatdidthemandislikeaboutthesandwich?A.Ham.B.Cheese.C.Tomatoes.4.Whatcanweknowabouttheshirtsfromthenewshop?A.Theysellwell.B.Theyareofbadquality.C.Theyarespeciallydesigned.5.WhyisMargaretcallingJoe?A.Shecan’tsleep.B.Shehadanaccident.C.Shelostsomething.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhendidtheEuropeanmusicianpletelylosehishearing?A.Inhis20s.B.Inhis40s.C.Inhis50s.7Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Disability.B.Music.C.Age.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inakindergarten.B.Inahospital.C.Inaschool.9.Whydoesthewomanwanttobeadentist?A.Shethinksitwouldbelessstressful.B.Sheconsidersitagoodchallenge.C.Herparentssuggestedshedoit.10.Whatwillthewomandotonight?A.Discussaproblemwiththeman.B.Makeaphonecall.C.Asktheteacheraquestion.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Lenvingajob.B.Managingateam.C.Introducingacountry.12.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.InJune.B.InSeptember.C.InDecember.13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Bossandemployee.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatarethespeakerslookingfor?A.Arock.B.Atemple.C.Amountain.15.Howdothespeakersknowwheretogo?A.Theyhavebeentherebefore.B.Theyareusingtheirphones.C.Theyarefollowingamap.16.Whatanimaldoesthewomandoubttheyhaveseen?A.Aneagle.B.Agoat.C.Abigcat.17.Whatarethespeakersprobably?A.Students.B.Teachers.C.Photographers.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whereisthespeakerstayingnow?A.InChina.B.InFrance.C.IntheUK.19.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofBritishpeople?A.Theyarequiet.B.Theyarehelpful.C.Theyareoptimistic.20.Whenwillthespeaker’sfriendtalkalot?A.Whenheisaskedhowtostudylanguages.B.Whenhetravelsbytrainwiththespeaker.C.Whenhetalksaboutmountainclimbing.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ADuringtheslowsummerseason,perhapsyouliketostakeoutaspotonabeachorlakeside,armedwithanoldfavoriteoranewcuriosity,you’reexpectedtoreachforourtoreadlistsandconsidertheseremendationsfromHarvardLibrarystaffers.(TitlesavailablethroughHolliscontainlinks.)FullTilt:IrelandtoIndiawithaBicyclebyDervlaMurphyIrishwriterDervlaMurphytraveledalonetomanynonWesterncountries,almostalwaysbybicycle.Shelivedwillinglywithhardshipandprivation:intensecoldandheat;fleas;unreliablefoodsupplies;poorroadconditionsornoroads;nodoctors,nolaundromats,andnobikemechanics.In“FullTilt”andotherbooks,shelookmetoplacesI’llnevervisitandsharedexperiencesI’llneverhave,asmanygreatbooksdo.—JuneRutkowski,HarvardLibraryInformationandTechnicalServicesEnsihySlipIntoAnotherWorld:ALifeinMusicbyHenryThreadgillandBrentHayesEdwardsTheautobiographyofthePulitzerPrizewinningposerandavantgardejazzsaxophonistandflutistHenryThreadgillisanextremelyreadableandhardtoputdownmemoir(回忆录).Asexpected,onelearnsofthemanyinfluencesthatledtoThreadgill’suniqueandinstantlyrecognizablemusic.Whatmakesthismemoiruniquefromotherautobiographiesofjazzmusiciansarethenearly100pagesdevotedtoThroadgill’sexperiencesasaBlackinfantrymanintheVietnamWar;thesememoriesarerawandvividlytold.EdCopenhagen,referencearchivistListenfortheLiebyAmyTinteraIdon’tnormallyreadmurdermysterynovels,butthiswaschosenbymybookclubandIwashookedfrombeginningtoend!Thesarcastichumorofthemaincharacterlightensthetoneandpreventsthestoryfromgettingtoodark.Ireadthisbookbutotherswholistenedtotheaudiobooksaiditwasreallywelldone.HannahHack,administrativecoordinatoratHarvardUniversityArchiveNineLives:Mystery,Magic,Death,andLifeinNewOrleansbyDanBaumIrecentlywenttoNewOrleansandwantedtoreadmoreaboutthecity,soIpickedup“NineLives.”ThisfascinatingbookfollowsninepeoplelivinginNewOrleansfromverydifferentwalksoflife.ThebookspanstheperiodoftimebetweenHurricaneBetsyin1965throughthedevastatingHurricaneKatrinain2005.EachpersondocumentedshowsadifferentaspectofNewOrleanscultureandhowresilientpeopleandmunitiescanbe.—SusanGilman,librarianatTozzerLibrary1.WhatmakesHenryandBrent’smemoirdifferentfromothers’?A.Itfocusesonlyonhismusiccareer.B.ItincludesadetailedaccountofhistimeintheVietnamWar.CItiswritteninadiaryform.D.Itfeaturesinterviewswithotherjazzmusicians.2.Whichbookexplorestheculturalinfluenceofhistoricaleventsonamixedgroup?A.FullTilt:IrelandtoIndiawithaBicycleB.EasilySlipIntoAnotherWorld:ALifeinMusicC.ListenfortheLieD.NineLives:Mystery,Magic,Death,andLifeinNewOrleans3.Whatdothebookshaveinmon?A.Theyallinvolvepersonalhardships. B.Theyareallsetinhistoricalcontexts.C.Theyareallremendedbyprofessionals. D.Theyareallmurdermysteries.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本书的情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据EnsihySlipIntoAnotherWorld:ALifeinMusicbyHenryThreadgillandBrentHayesEdwards部分中“Whatmakesthismemoiruniquefromotherautobiographiesofjazzmusiciansarethenearly100pagesdevotedtoThroadgill’sexperiencesasaBlackinfantrymanintheVietnamWar;thesememoriesarerawandvividlytold.(这本回忆录与其他爵士音乐家自传的独特之处在于，将近100页的篇幅讲述了Throadgill作为一名黑人步兵在越南战争中的经历；这些记忆是原始而生动的)”可知，让亨利和布伦特的回忆录与众不同的是书中详细记述了他在越南战争中的经历。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据NineLives:Mystery,Magic,Death,andLifeinNewOrleans部分中“ThebookspanstheperiodoftimebetweenHurricaneBetsyin1965throughthedevastatingHurricaneKatrinain2005.EachpersondocumentedshowsadifferentaspectofNewOrleanscultureandhowresilientpeopleandmunitiescanbe.(这本书的时间跨度从1965年的飓风“贝琪”到2005年毁灭性的飓风“卡特里娜”。每一个被记录的人都展示了新奥尔良文化的不同方面，以及人们和社区的弹性)”可知，这本书探索了历史事件对不同群体的文化影响，故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Duringtheslowsummerseason,perhapsyouliketostakeoutaspotonabeachorlakeside,armedwithanoldfavoriteoranewcuriosity,you’reexpectedtoreachforourtoreadlistsandconsidertheseremendationsfromHarvardLibrarystaffers.(在缓慢的夏季，也许你喜欢在海滩或湖边找个地方，带着旧的最爱或新的好奇心，你应该去看我们的阅读清单，并考虑哈佛图书馆工作人员的这些建议)”可知，它们的共同点是都得到了专业人士的推荐，故选C。BGrowingupinavillageineasternNepal’sBhojpurMountains,MiraRaihaddreamsfarbeyondtheconventionalexpectationsforNepaliwomen.Theeldestdaughteroffivechildren,shewasexpectedtofetchwater,tendcropsandlivestock,andhelpoutathome.Byage12,shestoppedattendingschoolregularly,andinsteadhauledheavybagsofriceupanddownsteeptrails—oftenbarefoot—totradeatthemarket.Itwashardworkbutgreattrainingforafuturetrailrunner.“Asagirl,”Rairecalls,“Iwouldconstantlybetoldtoknowmyplace,suppressmyvoice,andactinacertainmanner.Forme,breakingfreefromthesetraditionsitselfwasabigdream.”Severalyearsago,Rai’sdreambecamerealityduringarunoutsideKathmanduwhentwomaletrailrunnersinvitedhertoenterherfirsttrailrace,theKathmanduWestValleyRim50K.Withnopriorexperience,nospecialgear,ortrainingandastheonlywomaninthepetition,sheastonishinglybeateveryoneeventhemen.Fromthere,amunityofsupporterscametogiveherachancetopeteininternationaltrailrunningpetitions.Today,therunningworldrecognizesRaiasahighelevationtrailracingphenomenon.NowshehasmadeitamissiontoempowerbothwomenandmenofNepalthroughsports.“WehaverealizedthatNepalhastremendouspotentialtodeveloppetitiveathletes,”shesays.“It’shardtofindgoodrolemodelsforyoungwomeninourregion,especiallyoneingfromthesameruralvillagebackgroundasmostoftheyounggeneration,”saysWasfiaNazreen,amountainclimberfromBangladesh(acountryborderedwithIndia).Miraisblazingatrail,notjustintermsofbeingabletospeaknationallyongenderequality,butbygettingyoungpeopleintorunningthroughthenewKathmanduTrailRaceSeries.“Thegrit(勇气)andjoysheembodiesthroughoutallherhardshipsandvictoriesisaninspirationtoallofus!”Rai,however,remainshumble.“Ihavebeen‘abletodothethingsIdidbecausesomanypeoplebelievedinmeandtookchances,andIwanttogivebacksootherscanhaveachancejustthewayIdid,”shesays.4.WhatdoesMiraRai’sexperiencesuggestaboutgenderrolesinhermunity?A.Theyarestrictlyenforced,withnoroomforchange.B.Theycanbeoverewithdeterminationandsupport.C.TheyhavelittleinfluenceonthelivesofwomeninNepal.D.Theyareuniversallyacceptedandunchallenged.5.WhydidtheauthordecidetoincludeaquotefromWasfiaNazreeninthetext?A.ToshowthatMiraRai’sinfluenceextendsbeyondNepal.B.TohighlightthestrugglesoffemalemountainclimbersinBangladesh.C.TocontrastMiraRai’sachievementswiththoseofotherathletes.D.TosuggestthattrailrunningismorepopularinBangladeshthaninNepal.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“phenomenon”mostcloselymean?A.Anordinaryandhardworkingathlete. B.Adebatableandinfluentialfigure.C.Aninexperiencedbutluckyathlete. D.Anunusualoroutstandingperson.7.WhatcentralideadoestheauthorexpressinMiraRai’sstory?A.TheimportanceofstickingtotraditionalrolesinNepalisociety.B.Thesignificanceofphysicaltrainingfromayoungageforathleticsuccess.C.Theinfluenceofbreakingsocietalexpectationsandinspiringohange.D.TheneedforbetterresourcesinruralNepalivillages.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了MiraRai通过打破社会对性别角色的期望，展现了个人决心和勇气的重要性，并通过运动来赋予其他女性力量。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Theeldestdaughteroffivechildren,shewasexpectedtofetchwater,tendcropsandlivestock,andhelpoutathome.Byage12,shestoppedattendingschoolregularly,andinsteadhauledheavybagsofriceupanddownsteeptrails

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oftenbarefoot

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totradeatthemarket.(作为五个孩子中的大女儿，她被期望去打水，照料庄稼和牲畜，并在家里帮忙。12岁时，她不再按时上学，而是拎着大包大包的大米——经常是光着脚——在陡峭的小路上走来走去，在市场上交易)”以及第二段““Asagirl,”Rairecalls,“Iwouldconstantlybetoldtoknowmyplace,suppressmyvoice,andactinacertainmanner.Forme,breakingfreefromthesetraditionsitselfwasabigdream.”(“作为一个女孩，”Rai回忆说，“我经常被告知要知道自己的位置，压抑自己的声音，并以某种方式行事。对我来说，打破这些传统本身就是一个很大的梦想。”)”可知，MiraRai的经历对她所在社区的性别角色启示了只要有决心和支持，它们就能被克服；故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““It’shardtofindgoodrolemodelsforyoungwomeninourregion,especiallyoneingfromthesameruralvillagebackgroundasmostoftheyounggeneration,”saysWasfiaNazreen,amountainclimberfromBangladesh(acountryborderedwithIndia).Miraisblazingatrail,notjustintermsofbeingabletospeaknationallyongenderequality,butbygettingyoungpeopleintorunningthroughthenewKathmanduTrailRaceSeries.(来自孟加拉国（与印度接壤国家）的登山者WasfiaNazreen说：“在我们这个地区，很难找到年轻女性的好榜样，尤其是那些与大多数年轻一代来自相同农村背景的女性。”米拉正在开辟一条道路，不仅仅是在全国范围内就性别平等发表讲话，而是通过让年轻人参加新的加德满都越野跑系列)”可知，WasfiaNazreen是来自孟加拉的登山运动员，她提到MiraRai的影响不仅限于尼泊尔，而且也激励了其他国家的年轻人。这表明Mira的影响力已经超出了尼泊尔，故选A。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Today,therunningworldrecognizesRaiasahighelevationtrailracing(今天，跑步界认为Rai是一个高海拔越野跑……)”以及后文“NowshehasmadeitamissiontoempowerbothwomenandmenofNepalthroughsports.(现在，她的使命是通过体育运动赋予尼泊尔的女性和男性权力)”可知，文中提到MiraRai的使命是通过体育运动赋予尼泊尔的女性和男性权力，推测她在这项运动中的非凡表现。这里的“phenomenon”指的是一个不寻常或杰出的人。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段““Asagirl,”Rairecalls,“Iwouldconstantlybetoldtoknowmyplace,suppressmyvoice,andactinacertainmanner.Forme,breakingfreefromthesetraditionsitselfwasabigdream.”(“作为一个女孩，”Rai回忆说，“我经常被告知要知道自己的位置，压抑自己的声音，并以某种方式行事。对我来说，打破这些传统本身就是一个很大的梦想。”)”结合文章主要讲述了MiraRai通过打破社会对性别角色的期望，展现了个人决心和勇气的重要性，并通过运动来赋予其他女性力量。因此，文章的核心思想是打破社会期望并激励变革，故选C。CSpaceDayofChinafallsonApril24everyyear,duringwhichthecountrycelebratesitsachievementsanddevelopmentsinspaceexploration.Oneofthemostnotableacplishmentsisthecountry’smannedspacemissions.EversinceYangLiweimadeittospacein2003,asmanyas20Chineseastronauts,includingacivilian,havetraveledtospace.Alongsidehavingtoendurethephysicalimpactoftheweightlessenvironmentofspace,thereisalsothementalimpactofisolationandconfinementthatesfromlivinginasmallspacecraftformonths.What’smore,potentialemergenciesduringmissionstestastronauts’knowledgeandproblemsolvingabilitiesinhighpressureenvironments.Soit’snowonderthatastronautshavetomeetextremelyhighstandardsandgothroughatoughtrainingprogram.TomakesurethatChineseastronautspletetheirmissionsandreturntoEarthsafely,eighttypes,includingover200subjectsoftraining,areset.HuangWeifen,chiefdesigneroftheastronautsystemforChina’smannedspaceproject,toldCCTVNews.Apartfromphysicalfitnesstraining,italsoenpassesbasicscientifictheories,psychologicalhealth，andmock(模拟)missions.Eachastronautreceivestrainingforatleastthreeandahalfyearsbeforehavingthechancetogotospace.Ofallthetrainingsubjects,noneismorephysicallydemandingthanunderwatertraining.Itisdesignedtohelpastronautsadapttothemicrogravityenvironmentinspace.AccordingtoHuang,astronautsstayunderwaterinsuitsweighingover100kilogramsforsixhoursatatime:Thebinedchallengeofwaterresistanceandwearingaheavysuitmakeeverymoveexhausting.“NieHaisheng(oneoftheastronauts)oncereportedatwokilogramlossinweightafteroneunderwatertrainingexercise,”saidHuang.Sincethethirdgenerationastronautselectionprocessbeganin2018,civilianswithexpertiseinaeronauticshavealsobeeninvitedtoapply,astheycancontributetospacemissionsaspayloadspecialists.InMay2023,ProfessorGuiHaichaobecamethefirstciviliantotraveltospace,participatingintheShenzhouXVImission.Whilethephysiologicalstandardsforcivilianastronautsareslightlymorerelaxed,theirexpertiseandscientificknowledgerequirementsarehigher,asnotedbyYangLiwei,achiefplannerofChina’smannedspaceprogram.8.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?A.ThehistoricalmilestonesofChina’sspacemissions.B.Thephysicalandmentalchallengesastronautsfaceinspace.C.TheequipmentusedbyChineseastronautsduringspacemissions.D.Thetrainingprogramsrequiredforbeinganastronaut.9.WhyisNieHaishengmentionedinthefourthparagraph?A.tohighlightthephysicaldemandsofunderwatertraining.B.toillustratethechallengesfacedduringspacemissions.C.toexplaintheimportanceofweightmanagementforastronauts.D.toshowthediversityoftrainingexercisesastronautsundergo.10.HowimportantisGilFlaichao’sinvolvementintheShenzhouXVImission?A.Heledthetrainingprogramfor‘China’smannedspacemissions.B.Heconductedtheexperimentinspaceasanastronaut.C.Hehelpedimprovethephysiologicalstandardsforastronauts.D.HeisthefirstcivilianastronauttoempowerChina’sspacemission.11.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.China’sJourneytotheStarsB.TheDevelopmentofChineseSpaceMissionsC.HardTrainingPaysOffD.TheChallengesandVictoriesofChineseAstronauts【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了中国宇航员所经历的严格训练以及这些训练对他们成功完成太空任务的重要性以及各种训练类型，包括身体训练、心理健康、模拟任务等，特别强调了最具挑战性的水下训练。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Alongsidehavingtoendurethephysicalimpactoftheweightlessenvironmentofspace,thereisalsothementalimpactofisolationandconfinementthatesfromlivinginasmallspacecraftformonths.What’smore,potentialemergenciesduringmissionstestastronauts’knowledgeandproblemsolvingabilitiesinhighpressureenvironments.Soit’snowonderthatastronautshavetomeetextremelyhighstandardsandgothroughatoughtrainingprogram.(除了要忍受太空失重环境对身体的影响外，在小型航天器中生活数月所带来的隔离和禁闭也会对精神造成影响。更重要的是，任务中潜在的紧急情况考验着宇航员在高压环境下的知识和解决问题的能力。因此，宇航员必须达到极高的标准，并经历严格的训练计划也就不足为奇了)”可知，第二段提到中国宇航员在太空中面对的身体和心理挑战，包括失重环境带来的身体影响、长时间的隔离和紧急情况对知识和解决问题能力的考验。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Thebinedchallengeofwaterresistanceandwearingaheavysuitmakeeverymoveexhausting.“NieHaisheng(oneoftheastronauts)oncereportedatwokilogramlossinweightafteroneunderwatertrainingexercise,”saidHuang.(既要防水，又要穿着厚重的西装，每一个动作都让人筋疲力尽。“聂海胜（其中一名宇航员）曾经报告说，在一次水下训练后，体重减轻了两公斤，”黄说)”可知，提到聂海胜的目的是为了说明水下训练的体力要求极高，他在一次水下训练后体重减少了2公斤。这一例子突出了水下训练的高强度，故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“InMay2023,ProfessorGuiHaichaobecamethefirstciviliantotraveltospace,participatingintheShenzhouXVImission.(2023年5月，桂海潮教授参加了神舟十六号任务，成为首位进入太空的平民。)”提到桂海潮是第一位参与中国空间任务的平民宇航员，这标志着中国航天任务中的一个重要进步。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Alongsidehavingtoendurethephysicalimpactoftheweightlessenvironmentofspace,thereisalsothementalimpactofisolationandconfinementthatesfromlivinginasmallspacecraftformonths.What’smore,potentialemergenciesduringmissionstestastronauts’knowledgeandproblemsolvingabilitiesinhighpressureenvironments.Soit’snowonderthatastronautshavetomeetextremelyhighstandardsandgothroughatoughtrainingprogram.(除了要忍受太空失重环境对身体的影响外，在小型航天器中生活数月所带来的隔离和禁闭也会对精神造成影响。更重要的是，任务中潜在的紧急情况考验着宇航员在高压环境下的知识和解决问题的能力。因此，宇航员必须达到极高的标准，并经历严格的训练计划也就不足为奇了)”以及全文可知，文章描述了中国宇航员所经历的严格训练以及这些训练对他们成功完成太空任务的重要性并详细介绍了各种训练类型，包括身体训练、心理健康、模拟任务等，特别强调了最具挑战性的水下训练。所有这些训练的目的是为了确保宇航员能够成功应对太空中的各种挑战，并安全返回地球。C项：HardTrainingPaysOff(艰苦的训练有回报)合乎题意。故选C。DTherobotsareing!Insciencefiction,thisphraseoftensignalsdanger,butinreality,it’saweleprediction.Thefieldofroboticshasmadesignificantprogressinthepastyearasresearchersinuniversitiesandindustryhaveappliedadvancesinartificialintelligence(AI)tomachines.ThesametechnologythatpowerschatbotslikeChatGPTandsystemslikeDALLEtocreateimagesfromtextisnowgivingrobotsamajorcognitiveupgrade.Asaresult,robotsarebeingmorecapable,easiertoprogram,andabletoexplaintheiractions.Investorsareflockingtoroboticsstartups,andevenOpenAI,whichhadpreviouslysteppedawayfromrobotics,isreenteringthefieldwithanewteam.WhenAIisappliedtothephysicalworld,itspotentialbeessignificant.Whilerobotscaninspirefear,partlyduetoHollywood’sportrayalofthemasuncontrollablecreations,theyalsoposetheriskofdisplacingdecentpayingjobsinfactoriesandwarehouses.However,thelatestadvancesinroboticsoffersubstantialbenefits.Forexample,new“multimodal“AImodelsbinelanguageunderstandingandvisionwithdatafromroboticsensors,allowingrobotstofollowmandslike“pickuptheyellowfruit”byrecognizingobjectssuchasabanana.Thesemodelsalsoenablerobotstoexplaintheirreasoning,makingprogramminganddebuggingsimplerandreducingerrorsbecausetheirunderstandingisgroundedinrealworldobservations.Additionally,robotsareimprovingintheirabilitytolearnquicklythroughimitationandtogeneralizeskillsfromonetasktoanother.Thisopensthedoorforrobotstomoveoutoffactoriesandwarehousesandintoeverydayenvironments.Aslabormarketsinadvancedeconomiestightenduetoagingpopulations,theneedformoreautomationbeescritical.Morecapablerobotscouldhelpboostproductivity,assistwithhouseholdohores,andprovidecarefortheelderlyandthoseinneed.Advancedeconomieswillrequiremoreautomationtomaintaintheirstandardsofliving.CountrieslikeSouthKorea,Japan,andChina,whichleadinrobottoworkerratios,arealsoagingrapidly.Withoutrobots,morepeoplemayneedtoworklongerandretirelater.Intheingyears,societalattitudescouldshiftfromfearingthearrivalofrobotstoeagerlyexpectingtheirpresence.12.Whyareinvestorsincreasinglyinterestedinrobotics?A.Roboticshasbeemoreaffordable.B.Theentertainmentindustryhassupportedrobotics.C.Thefearofrobotsdisplacingjobshaseased.D.Aladvancementshaveadvancedrobotabilities.13.Whatisakeybenefitof”multimodal“AImodelsforrobots?A.Understandinghumanemotions. B.Reducingproductioncosts.C.Improvingrealworldinteraction. D.petingwithhumanworkers.14.Howmightsocietalviewsonrobotschange?A.Fromjoblossconcerntoeconomicnecessity.B.Fromfeartoequalpartnership.C.Fromviewingrobotsasathreattoseeingthemastools.D.Fromethical(伦理的)concernstoacceptance.15.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toparerobots’fictionaldangerswiththeirrealbenefits.B.ToexplainAI’sinfluenceonroboticsandfuturepotential.C.Toexaminerobots’jobdisplacementandlabormarketeffects.D.Topredictrobots’effectsondailylifeinthenearfuture.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了人工智能对机器人技术的影响和未来潜力。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Asaresult,robotsarebeingmorecapable,easiertoprogram,andabletoexplaintheiractions.Investorsareflockingtoroboticsstartups,andevenOpenAI,whichhadpreviouslysteppedawayfromrobotics,isreenteringthefieldwithanewteam.WhenAIisappliedtothephysicalworld,itspotentialbeessignificant.”（因此，机器人变得更有能力，更容易编程，并能够解释他们的行为。投资者纷纷涌向机器人创业公司，就连此前退出机器人领域的OpenAI也带着一支新团队重新进入了这个领域。当人工智能应用于现实世界时，它的潜力变得巨大。）可知，人工智能的进步提升了机器人的能力。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“However,thelatestadvancesinroboticsoffersubstantialbenefits.Forexample,new“multimodal“AImodelsbinelanguageunderstandingandvisionwithdatafromroboticsensors,allowingrobotstofollowmandslike”pickuptheyellowfruit“byrecognizingobjectssuchasabanana.Thesemodelsalsoenablerobotstoexplaintheirreasoning,makingprogramminganddebuggingsimplerandreducingerrorsbecausetheirunderstandingisgroundedinrealworldobservations.”（然而，机器人技术的最新进展提供了实质性的好处。新的“多模态”AI模型将语言理解和视觉与来自机器人传感器的数据相结合，使机器人能够通过识别物体(如香蕉)来执行诸如“捡起黄色水果”之类的命令。这些模型还使机器人能够解释其推理过程，从而简化编程和调试并减少错误，因为它们的理解是基于对现实世界的观察。）因此，“多模态”AI模型对机器人的一个关键好处是改善与现实世界的交互。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Intheingyears,societalattitudescouldshiftfromfearingthearrivalofrobotstoeagerlyexpectingtheirpresence.”（未来几年，社会态度可能会从害怕机器人的到来转变为热切期待它们的出现。）可知，社会对机器人的看法可能会从担忧工作岗位被取代转变为经济上的必需。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Thefieldofroboticshasmadesignificantprogressinthepastyearasresearchersinuniversitiesandindustryhaveappliedadvancesinartificialintelligence(AI)tomachines.ThesametechnologythatpowerschatbotslikeChatGPTandsystemslikeDALLEtocreateimagesfromtextisnowgivingrobotsamajorcognitiveupgrade.”（随着大学和工业界的研究人员将人工智能（AI）的进展应用于机器，机器人领域在过去一年中取得了重大进展。为ChatGPT等聊天机器人和DALLE等从文本中创建图像的系统提供动力的技术，现在正在给机器人带来重大的认知升级。）和第二段“WhenAIisappliedtothephysicalworld,itspotentialbeessignificant.”（当人工智能应用于现实世界时，它的潜力变得巨大）可知，本文主要目的是解释人工智能对机器人技术的影响和未来潜力。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Collaborationisaplexsetofskillsandtraits,includingactivelistening,managingconflict,sharedproblemsolving,selfregulation,modesty,curiosity,andacaringattitudetowardothers.Makeacarefulinventoryofbehavior,sothatyouknowwhatstepsyoucantaketodevelopyourcollaborationskillsandrebuildlosttrust.____16____Beopentochangeandnewideas.Takingnewviewpointsisapreconditionforunderstandingandpassion.Askquestionstochallengeyourpointofviewandclarifytheotherperson’s.____17____Valueothers’equality.Beinginaplaceofmutualinterdependencewillhelpyouexperiencebeingonanequalplayingfield.Forinstance,joinateamorcluboutsideofwork.____18____Noteplaceswhereyou’rewellreceivedandplaceswhereyou’reunfortable.Beesomeoneotherscanrelyon.Acknowledgethatinterdependencyiscrucialforsuccess.Buildandmaintaintrustingrelationshipswithcriticalstakeholders.Spendtimewiththemtodeepentheseconnections.Thisisthefoundationofsustainablecollaboration.Then,takeactionstoaccelerateyourreputationasateamplayer.____19____Purposefullygiveupthestagetoothers,allowingthemtoshowcasetheirtalents.Thisnotonlybooststheirconfidencebutalsopositionsyouasaleaderwhodoesn’t“hogthelimelight”.Teamsthatsharerecognitionmorefrequentlytendtoretainmembersbetterandexperiencehighergrowth.Askforadvice.Showthatyouvaluetheirinput,andlater,sharehowyouappliedtheiradvice.Thisbuildstrustandencouragesmutualsupport.Takeheart,ifyouarealeaderneedingtostrengthenyourcollaboration.Intoday’shyperconnectedworld,lonewolvesarebeingathingofthepast.____20____Effectivecollaborationiskeytobeingandremainingaleaderoflastingimpact.A.Sharethespotlightandgivepraise.B.Firstadoptthemindsetofacollaborator.C.Thissignalsthatyoucareabouttheirviewpoint.D.Asyoudoso,journalwhatyou’refeelingandlearning.E.Alongtheway,shareyourexperienceswithyourfamilymembersorfriends.F.Leaderswhoincludeothersandstayrespectfularenowthemosttrustedandinfluential.G.Lenderswhofrequentlychangetheircollaborationstrategiesoftenachievegreaterrecognition.【答案】16.B17.C18.D19.A20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了发展合作技能，重建失去的信任所需要采取的措施。【16题详解】根据上文“sothatyouknowwhatstepsyoucantaketodevelopyourcollaborationskillsandrebuildlosttrust.(这样你就知道你可以采取什么步骤来发展你的合作技能，重建失去的信任。)”以及后文“Then,takeactionstoaccelerateyourreputationasateamplayer.(然后，采取行动来提升你作为团队合作者的声誉。)”可知，设空处是培养合作技能，重建失去的信任的具体步骤，B项：Firstadoptthemindsetofacollaborator.(首先，采用合作者的心态。)合乎题意。故选B。【17题详解】根据上句“Askquestionstochallengeyourpointofviewandclarifytheotherperson’s(提出问题来挑战你的观点，并澄清对方的观点)”设空处应为这样做的好处，C项：Thissignalsthatyoucareabouttheirviewpoint.(这表明你关心他们的观点)这种做法能帮助你建立更好的合作关系，因为它显示了你对他人的关心和尊重。这里的This指代上句，很好地衔接了前文。故选C。【18题详解】根据后文“Noteplaceswhereyou’rewellreceivedandplaceswhereyou’reunfortable.(记下哪些地方你很受欢迎，哪些地方你不舒服。)”具体举例说明记录下自己被接受或不舒服的地方，可知设空处对后句进行总说，D项：Asyoudoso,journalwhatyou’refeelingandlearning.(当你这样做的时候。记录你的感受和习得)合乎题意。故选D。【19题详解】设空处概括本段内容，为本段小标题，设空处与上下段的首句句式保持一致，即应是祈使句。根据后文“Purposefullygiveupthestagetoothers,allowingthemtoshowcasetheirta