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专题四并列句、三大从句和特殊句式第七讲定语从句和名词性从句一定语从句●高考感悟/练真题·悟技法·锁定目标●单句语法填空1.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Iowemysuccesstomysocialteacher________givesmealotofencouragementinmylifeontheroadtowriting.2.[2023·全国甲卷]Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,________RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow.”3.[2023·全国乙卷]Thecolorshechosecameinaboxwhichhadapictureofawoman________haircolorlookedjustperfect.4.[2023·北京卷]Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear­longseriesofrunsinChicago,________thousandswereattendingawaterconference.5.[2022·全国乙卷]Theyoftenrunathighspeeds,________mayputourlivesindanger.6.[2022·浙江1月卷]KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics________arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.7.[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.8.[2021·浙江卷1月]BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool________givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.9.[2020·北京卷]Someuniversitystudentscarriedoutacampaign________theyspenttheirwholedaywithoutcellphones.10.[2020·江苏卷]Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,from________studentscanchooseforfree.●考点研析/破重点·析疑难·精准清障●考点一关系代词引导的定语从句1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语①Dr.Rowan,whosesecretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了,他现在只能自己打字。②IborrowthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,whichmyclassmatesremendedtome.上个星期我从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书,这是我的同学推荐给我的。③Somepeoplewhoaresuccessfullanguagelearnersoftenfailinotherfields.有些成功的语言学习者,在其他领域常常会失败。2.只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况(1)先行词为不定代词anything,nothing,something,everything,all,some,none,little,few,theone等时。Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse'sfault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。(2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词,或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。(3)先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修饰时。TheonlypartofthemealthatIreallylikedwasthedessert.这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。(4)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。Theywillneverforgetthethingsandpersonsthatthey'veseenorheardofduringtheirlongjourney.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。3.as和which的区别关系代词as和which都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句,指代主句或主句中的名词或短语,一般情况下二者可互换使用,但有下列区别:(1)which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后,as引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中和之后。①Asanybodycansee,aputercandoalmosteverythingpeoplecan.=Aputercandoalmosteverythingpeoplecan,asanybodycansee.任何人都明白,计算机几乎能做人所能做的一切事。②Therefore,thistimeIwillintroduceTangPoetrytoyou,whichisofgreathelpinlearningChinese.因此,这次我将向你介绍唐诗,这将非常有助于你学习汉语。(2)as常用的这种类似插入语的句式有:asthesayinggoes,asissaidabove,asismentionedabove,asoftenhappens,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthenewspaper等。Shepassedtheexam,aswasexpected.她通过了考试,这是预料之中的事。【名师指津】(1)whom、which、that在从句中作宾语时可省略;但介词提前时不能省略,也不能用that;(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时,常用于下列句式:such+名词+as(像……一样的,像……之类的);thesame+名词+as(和……同样的)。SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.像在我们车间使用的这类机器是中国制造的。即学即练单句语法填空1.[2023·全国甲卷]Sheevenplayedsomerecordingsoftheirsinging,________wasfun.2.[2023·全国乙卷]Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace________welesthefast­paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st­centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.3.[2022·全国甲卷]Onthe1,100­Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,________losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.4.[2024·广西柳州市模拟预测]Chinaisreadytoworkwithallcountriesandregions________aremittedtothepeacefuluseofouterspacetocarryoutmoreinternationalcooperationandexchanges.5.[2024·陕西咸阳模拟预测]Theexcessiveuseofhightechnologycanalsomakeourlifepassive,________willmakethemajorityofusbeelazier,andweareunwillingtoexploremindsanylonger.6.________isdescribedinParagraph4,takingasmallkidtoahalf­hourStoryTimeallowstheparenttoenjoyquietreading.考点二关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词先行词在从句中的作用when时间名词或抽象名词(point,occation等)时间状语where地点名词或抽象名词(situation,point,activity,case,stage等)地点状语whythereason原因状语①Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周,届时天气可能会更好。②Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesinmunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.学生们应该参加社团活动,在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。【名师指津】当先行词为situation、case、stage、point等,且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语时,也要用关系副词where引导。即学即练单句语法填空1.[2023·全国甲卷]TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,________alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings.2.[2024·福建泉州模拟]However,arecentlylaunchedWeChatminiprogramisallowingeveryhistoryenthusiasttobeaheroinavirtualworld,________onenotjustclimbstheGreatWall,butalsoprotectsit.3.[2024·江西赣州模拟]Thescenicareahasanareaof1,320squarekilometersincluding30,000hectaresofprimitiveforest________existmanystate­protectedanimalsandplantssuchasthegiantpanda,goldenmonkeyandmono­leafgrass.4.Mr.Smithownedthisoilpaintinguntiltheearly1990s,________hegaveittohisgrandson.5.Theirchildisatthestage________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.考点三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,关系代词只能用which或whom,且不能省略。Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon/onwhichschooleducationdepends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.在9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。2.“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级+of+which/whom”引导的定语从句,表示部分与整体的关系。Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofwhichhasbeenproved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论,这些理论尚未得到证实。Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewell­educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们中的大部分都受过良好的教育。3.在非限制性定语从句中,whose修饰物时可以换为“the+名词+ofwhich”;修饰人时,可以换为“the+名词+ofwhom”。Thenewly­builtcafé,thewallsofwhich(=whosewalls)arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.这家新建成的咖啡馆,墙被刷成了浅绿色,对我们来说,真是一个安静的地方,特别是在辛苦工作后。即学即练单句语法填空1.[2022·北京卷]Moretakeoutandmorefooddeliveryequalmorewaste,especiallyplasticwaste.Thatincludescups,bottles,andbags,mostof________areonlygoodforoneuse.2.[2024·江西省上饶市高三模拟]Theyareincreasinglyreluctanttofollowtheherd,someof________aresimplylookingtotakearestsomewherequietforacoupleofdays.3.[2021·天津3月卷]WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakesfrom________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.4.HuaMulan,thestoryof________hasbeentoldbygenerationsinChina,isafighterfromtheNorthernWeiDynasty(386~534).●小试牛刀/夯基础·提技能·高效备考●Ⅰ.语法填空[2024·福建省厦门第一中学高三模拟]Marrakech(马拉喀什)isthefourthlargestcityinMoroccoandhasaricharchitecturalheritage.However,anearthquakeinSeptembercausedseriousdamage1.________someoftheminthecity.TheMedinadistrict,theoldculturalcenterofMarrakech,wasoneofthem.2.________(add)toUNESCO'sWorldHeritageListin1985,thedistrictisenclosedby900­year­oldwallsbuiltofredsandstonethatonce3.________(defend)thecityagainstdanger.However,largepartsofthesewallsweredamagedintheearthquakeandlongsectionsnowshowdeepcracks4.________otherpartshavecollapsed.Apartfromancientwalls,MoroccoWorldNewsreportedthatthecity'sKharbouchMosque(清真寺)wasalmost5.________(entire)destroyed.Beforetheearthquake,itwasaculturalcenterforthecity6.________dancersandstorytellersperformed.Alocalresident7.________(tell)TheNewArabthatthemosquedatesbacktothe17thcentury.AftervisitingMarrakech8.________(follow)thedestruction,EricFalt,anofficeratUNESCO,stressedthatitwasnecessarytoimmediatelyplanforthe9.________(construct)ofdamagedculturalassets(资产).Theearthquake'simpactonMarrakech'sculturalheritage10.________(expect)tobealong­termchallengethatwillrequirecarefulrestorationefforts,notedMoroccoWorldNews.Ⅱ.写作运用完成下面短文,注意本部分语法的运用。1.________________________(众所周知),highschoollifeisanimportantturningpointand2.________________________________________________________(高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所).MyclassmatesandIdecidedtodosomethingfortheinggraduation.Havinghadaheateddiscussion,weagreedonmakingavideotorecord3.________________________(我们在校经历).Materialcollectingtookusawholeweek,4.________________________________________________________________________(在此期间,我们采访了我们的老师,并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面).Somepromiseswereunavoidable,butthevideoturnedoutperfect.5.________________________________(播放录像的那一天),itwaswellreceived.Thestudentsandteacherssharedagreattime,6.________________________________________(这当然给了我们很大的成就感).二名词性从句●高考感悟/练真题·悟技法·锁定目标●单句语法填空1.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]IwasinformedIwonthefirstprizeinthewritingcontestand________therewouldbeanawardpresentationintwodays.2.[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewsinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.Thisis________theyneedanEnglishtrainer.3.[2022·浙江1月卷]Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak________shecoulddosoremotely;aboutthree­quartersofthetime,theyagreed.4.[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles'song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.________issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout­of­this­worldscenes.5.[2021·北京卷]Thepoorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationabout________shelived.6.[2021·天津3月卷]WhatpuzzlesLily'sfriendsis________shealwayshassomanycrazyideas.●考点研析/破重点·析疑难·精准清障●考点一主语从句1.主语从句的引导词引导词作用连接词that,whether,if只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分连接代词what,who,whom,which,whichever,whatever,whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when,where,how,why在从句中作状语Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.延迟的飞机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。WhereProfessorHanwasbornisknowntothepublic.韩教授出生的地方人人皆知。Whatstruckmemostinthemoviewasthefather'sdeeploveforhisson.影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深深的爱。【名师指津】(1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。Thattheywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialsimilaritybetweenthem.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们是亲姐妹。(2)whether与if引导主语从句的区别:主语从句位于主句的谓语动词前,表示“是否”,只能用whether而不能用if引导;若用it作形式主语,则if与whether可互换。Whetherwecanhavecleandrinkingwaterliesinwhateffectivemeasureswillbetakenbythegovernmentaboutwaterpollution.我们能否有干净的饮用水在于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。Itremainstobeseenwhether/ifthisideacanbeputintopractice.这一想法能否付诸实施还有待观察。2.形式主语it作形式主语的常见句型:(1)It+be+形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)+that从句(2)It+be+名词(短语)(apity/ashame/nowonder等)+that从句(3)It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported等)+that从句(4)It+不及物动词(seem,appear,happen,matter等)+that从句Itisuncertainwhatsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药,但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryoupaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。考点二表语从句1.表语从句的引导词引导词作用连接词that,whether只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分连接代词what,who,whom,which,whichever,whatever,whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when,where,how,why在从句中作状语Themostimportantresultfortheuseristhattheproductdoeswhatisintended.对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。Thisiswhereweusuallythinkit'seasiertojustgiveup.这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。【名师指津】if不能引导表语从句;that引导表语从句时不能省略。2.asif/asthough引导表语从句asif/asthough意为“好像,仿佛”,引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel,smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况,从句用虚拟语气;若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况,从句用陈述语气。Thethicksmogcoveredthewholecity.Itwasasifagreatblackblankethadbeenthrownoverit.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市,好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到了它的上面。3.其他常考的表语从句(1)This/That/Itiswhy+表语从句(表示结果)“这/那就是……的原因”(2)This/That/Itisbecause+表语从句(表示原因)“这/那是因为……”(3)Thereasonwhy...isthat+表语从句“……的原因是……”即学即练单句语法填空1.Itisnotaproblem________wecanwinthebattle;it'sjustamatteroftime.2.However,recentresearchfromHarvardMedicalSchoolhasshownthat,onaverage,approximately4,400stepsadayisenoughtosignificantlyreducetheriskofdeathinwomen.Thiswas________itwasparedtoonlywalkingaround2,700stepsdaily.3.________fascinateswesternersistheChinesebamboocultureanditslonghistory.4.Itisestimated________coralreefscontributebillionsofdollarstotheworldeconomyannually,providingfood,protectionofshorelines,andjobs.考点三宾语从句1.宾语从句的引导词引导词作用连接词that,whether,if只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分连接代词what,who,whom,which,whichever,whatever,whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when,where,how,why在从句中作状语①I'mwritingtotellyouthatmyuncleLiMingisgoingtoyourcityforaconference.我写信是想告诉你,我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。②Wepromisewhoeverattendsthepartywillhaveachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.我们保证,任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。③Idon'tknowwhetherwe'llsetoffforBeijingornot.我不知道我们是否出发去北京。【名师指津】(1)that引导宾语从句时,常被省去,但下列情况下不能省略:①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可省略,其余的不可省略;②宾语从句前有插入语时;③that引导的从句位于句首时。(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句,连接词表示“是否”时,只能用whether,不能用if。2.形式宾语宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后,但是,在下列情况下,须用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make+it+宾补(形容词或名词)+不定式/从句(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy+it+从句(3)短语动词seeto/dependon/relyon+it+从句(4)固定搭配takeitforgrantedthat/oweittosb.that+从句Mostofusyoungmentakeitforgrantedthatparentsdoeverythingforus.我们大部分年轻人认为父母为我们做的一切是理所当然的。Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.当你不在的时候,我负责把他照顾好。3.宾语从句的时态一般情况下,宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致,即主句是一般现在时,从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态;主句为过去的某种时态,从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时,须用一般现在时。即学即练单句语法填空1.[2022·北京卷]It'seasytoexplainhowwedetermine________smellsaredangerousornot:welearn.2.Thestudentpletedthisexperimenttomakeetrue________ProfessorJosephhadsaid.3.[2024·山东临沂模拟]Together,itproducessomeofthesweetestsoundsthatpairsurprisinglywellwith________wasoriginallyarocksong.4.Butthereissomedebateover________itwasNOLAorMobile,AlabamathathadthefirstMardiGrasbackinthe1700s.5.Thefatherandhissongotlostinthemountainandtheyhadtoeat________foodtheycouldfindthere.考点四同位语从句1.同位语从句通常用that引导,that无词义也不作成分,但是不能省略,从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用whether,when,where,why,how等引导。2.接同位语从句的常见名词:fact,news,idea,truth,hope,evidence,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,word(消息)等。Imadeapromisetomyselfthatthisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.我对自己做出承诺:今年——我上高中的第一年——将会与以往不同。Ihavenoideawherethejournalistcouldhavegothisinformation.我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的他的信息。即学即练单句语法填空1.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence________theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.2.Andyoushouldalsohaveabelief________youaresuretosucceedaslongasyoukeepyourdirectionallthetime.3.Themanagerputforwardasuggestion________weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.4.Thisshouldserveasawarning________peopleshouldbeawareoftheirsurroundings,especiallywhencrossingroads.●小试牛刀/夯基础·提技能·高效备考●Ⅰ.语法填空[2024·广东省四校联考]ChinahasscaleduppolicytoprotectandrestoretheenvironmentaroundtheYangtzeRiver,putting1.________placemeasurestotreatindustrialandagriculturalpollutantsandprotectgrasslandsandwetlands.Apolicydocument2.________(joint)releasedby17centralgovernmentdepartmentspromisestoprioritizeeffortandadopta3.________(prehension)wayofconservingtheYangtzeRiverBasinarea.Thepolicydocumentfollowsa10­yearfishingbanintheYangtzeenactedbythegovernmentin2020inresponseto4.________(decline)biodiversity.DespiteimprovementstotheYangtze'swaterquality,theriseofnon­pointsourcepollution5.________(emerge)asamajorprobleminrecentyears.Thedocumentstressestheneedforasystemicapproach,6.________willrequiretheestablishmentoflong­termmechanismstopreventthereturnofpollutedwaterbodies.Thetreatmentofpollutionisanotherpriority,asthegovernmentlookstoinstalltightercontrolsoverpollutantsdischargedbychemicalfactoriesandpromote7.________(high)efficiencyintheuseoffertilizersandpesticides.8.________(restore)thediversityofaquaticlifeintheYangtze,thedocumentsaysthatthecountrywillestablishamonitoringsystemforendangeredanimalsandmake9.________actionplantosavethemandthatmorework10.________(do)toenhancetheconnectivityofrivers.Ⅱ.写作运用完成下面短文,注意本部分语法的运用。TheMomentITakePrideinWherethereisawill,thereisaway.WhenIbegantolearntocookthreeyearsago,Ifailedmanytimes.Butintheend,1.________________________________________________(我所做的饭菜很可口),becauseIcarriedonwithit.Thefirstdishwasfriedeggs.Atfirst,2.________________________________________________________(我不好控制油的温度).Inordertolearnitwell,Iwastedagreatnumberofeggs.InevergaveupuntilIfriedeggsbetter.3.________________________________________________________________________(我学做饭的原因是让我妈妈做完工作后可以休息).Iwillkeepthemomentinmyheart.专题四并列句、三大从句和特殊句式第七讲定语从句和名词性从句一定语从句高考感悟1.答案与解析:that/who考查定语从句。先行词mysocialteacher在定语从句中充当主语,指人,用关系代词that/who引导定语从句。2.答案与解析:as考查定语从句。句意:然而,正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说,寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句,且有“正如”之意,用关系代词as引导。3.答案与解析:whose考查定语从句。先行词是woman,关系词在从句中作haircolor的定语,应用关系代词whose引导。4.答案与解析:where考查定语从句。句意:最近,尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动,数千人在那里参加了一个水资源会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago,在从句中作地点状语,故填where。5.答案与解析:which考查定语从句。句意:它们经常高速奔跑,这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知,逗号后是非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面的一句话,在从句中作主语,应用which引导。6.答案与解析:who/that考查定语从句。句意:亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的KimCobb教授是一小群数量不断增加的不占主流的学者中的一员,因为气候变化,他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句,从句中缺主语,应使用关系代词who/that引导定语从句,并作句子主语。7.答案与解析:that考查定语从句。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词为species,指物且先行词前为all所修饰,只能用关系代词that。8.答案与解析:that/which考查定语从句。句意:BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具,它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知,tool是先行词,所填词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。9.答案与解析:where考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词为campaign,空格处所填词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。10.答案与解析:which考查定语从句。句意:现在许多课程都可以在网上找到,学生们可以从中选择免费课程。分析该句结构可知,介词from和空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Manylessons,且介词from提前。故填which。考点研析考点一即学即练1.答案与解析:which考查定语从句。句意:她甚至播放了一些他们唱歌的录音,这很有趣。此处非限制性定语从句修饰先行词singing,指物,所填关系代词which且在定语从句中作主语。2.答案与解析:which/that考查定语从句。先行词为“aplace”,关系代词在定语从句中担当主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。3.答案与解析:who考查定语从句。分析句子结合句意可知,此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词为CaoShengkang,指人,所填词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。4.答案与解析:that考查定语从句。句意:中国愿与所有致力于和平利用外空的国家和地区一道,开展更多的国际合作与交流。空格后是一个定语从句,而从句没有主语,所以空格处应该填关系代词,且先行词前有all修饰,所以关系代词只能用that。5.答案与解析:which考查非限制性定语从句。句意:过度使用高科技也会使我们的生活变得被动,这将使我们大多数人变得懒惰,并且不愿意动脑筋。分析句子可知,逗号后面是一个非限制性定语从句,空格处应该填入一个关系代词代替前面句子的内容,在从句中作主语。6.答案与解析:Asas置于句首引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如”,在句中作主语。考点二即学即练1.答案与解析:where考查定语从句。句意:从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境和平相处。句中先行词为town,所填词在非限定性定语从句作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导。2.答案与解析:where考查定语从句。句意:然而,最近推出的微信小程序可以让每一个历史爱好者在虚拟世界中成为英雄,在那里,你不仅可以爬上长城,还可以保护它。在非限制性定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,且先行词为avirtualworld,所以应用关系副词where,在句中作地点状语。3.答案与解析:where考查定语从句。空处及之后的内容为定语从句,exist“存在”为不及物动词,先行词为primitiveforest,所填词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。4.答案与解析:when考查定语从句。句意:史密斯先生保管这幅油画直到20世纪90年代初,那时他才把它给了他的孙子。空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词theearly1990s,并在从句中作时间状语。故填when。5.答案与解析:where考查定语从句。句意:他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。分析句子结构可知设空处引导定语从句,先行词是thestage,表抽象地点,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。考点三即学即练1.答案与解析:which考查定语从句。句意:这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子,其中大多数(东西)只用一次。此处为非限制性定语从句;先行词为cups,bottles,andbags,在从句中作介词of的宾语,故填which。2.答案与解析:whom考查定语从句。此处为定语从句,且从句中缺少主语;结合句意,表示“其中一些人”需要用关系代词who或whom,但空前有介词of,故填whom。3.答案与解析:which考查定语从句。句意:WilliamHastie曾提出,历史告诫我们过去的错误,我们可以从中吸取教训,以免重蹈覆辙。分析句子结构可知,该句为介词提前的定语从句。故填which指代先行词pastmistakes。4.答案与解析:whom考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是HuaMulan,指人,关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语,应用关系代词whom引导定语从句。小试牛刀Ⅰ.语法填空【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了马拉喀什的一些文化遗产在地震中遭到了破坏,包括一些清真寺和文化中心。1.答案与解析:to考查介词。句意:然而,9月份的一场地震对该市的一些建筑造成了严重破坏。causedamageto是固定搭配。故填to。2.答案与解析:Added考查非谓语动词。动词add和其逻辑主语thedistrict之间是被动关系,故填Added。3.答案与解析:defended考查时态。根据时间状语once可知,此处定语从句描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,故填defended。4.答案与解析:while考查连词。句意:然而,这些墙的大部分在地震中遭到破坏,现在很多大段的部分出现了深深的裂缝,而其他部分已经倒塌。根据句意可知,前后文是对比关系。故填while。5.答案与解析:entirely考查副词。修饰动词用副词。故填entirely。6.答案与解析:where考查定语从句。此处引导限制性定语从句,先行词aculturalcenter是地点,应用关系副词引导定语从句作地点状语。故填where。7.答案与解析:told考查时态。此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,故填told。8.答案与解析:following考查现在分词转化的介词。此处表示“在毁坏之后”,应用其介词形式表示“在(某事)以后”。故填following。9.答案与解析:construction考查名词。根据前文forthe可知,此处应用名词作介词宾语。故填construction。10.答案与解析:isexpected考查时态和语态。动词expect和主语Theearthquake'simpact之间是被动关系,此处描述现实情况,应用一般现在时的被动语态。主语是单数,故填isexpected。Ⅱ.写作运用1.Asisuniversallyknown2.highschoolcampusisanimportantplacewherestudentsstudyandlive3.ourexperiencesatschool4.duringwhichweinterviewedourteachersandtookpicturesofeveryaspectofschoollife5.Thatdaywhenthevideowasplayed6.whichsurelygaveusagreatsenseofachievement二名词性从句高考感悟1.答案与解析:that考查宾语从句。空处为谓语的第二个宾语从句,且从句中不缺成分,故用that引导。2.答案与解析:why考查表语从句。空处引导表语从句,从句中结构完整,应该用连接副词连接,前文提到需要培训师的原因,此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意,应用why引导。3.答案与解析:whether/if考查宾语从句。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句,宾语从句句意不完整,whether/if“是否”符合语境。4.答案与解析:What考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知,本空引导主语从句,且在从句中作

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