2024年高等教育教育类自考-00830现代语言学考试近5年真题附答案

（图片大小可自由调整）2024年高等教育教育类自考-00830现代语言学考试近5年真题荟萃附答案第I卷一.参考题库(共100题)1.contrastiveanalysis2.OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolated,doconversationalimplicaturesarise.3.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized，thatofanu（）isconcreteandcontext-dependent.4.Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.5.Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe（）.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic6.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageis（）.A、rootB、affixC、stemD、morpheme7.Reference8.GivethedescriptionofthefollowingsoundsegmentsinEnglish. [k];[z];[w];[u:];[i]9.“JohnkilledBillbutBilldidn’tdie”isa(n)（）.A、entailmentB、presuppositionC、anomalyD、contradiction10.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.11.sociolect12.Wordsthatareoppositeinmeaningare（）.A、synonymsB、hyponymsC、antonymsD、homophones13.Whatisthedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance?14.Pragmatics15.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.16.WhatistheSapir-Whorfhypothesis?17.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofc（）antonyms.18.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.19.culturaltransmission(asadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage)20.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar（）.A、JacobGrimmB、RasmusRaskC、FranzBoppD、SirWilliamJones21.Inthecourseoftime，thestudyoflanguagehascometoestablishcloselinkswithotherbranchesofs（）studies，suchassociologyandpsychology.22.acculturation23.Whcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition（）.A、LanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformatioB、Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsC、ChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguageD、Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse24.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof（）.A、palatalB、alveolarC、bilabialD、dental25.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberof（）toformacompletestatement,（）orcommand.26.Hyponymsofthesame（）areco-hyponyms.A、wordB、lexicalitemC、superordinateD、hyponym27.（）languagebelongstotheSino-TibetanFamily.A、EnglishB、SpanishC、IndianD、Chinese28.Whenchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatarenotpartofthelanguage，theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparentsteachthem.29.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“light”.Thisshows:（）.A、Theycannotpronounce/n/B、Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongueC、TheteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethodD、Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds30.Theword“modernizers”iscomposedof（）morphemes.A、3B、4C、5D、631.（）morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.A、FreeB、BoundC、RootD、Affix32.suprasegmentalfeatures33.subvocalspeech34.Theterm（）linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A、synchronicB、diachronicC、comparativeD、historicalcomparative35.Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.36.Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother，wemayregardthoughtas“subvocalspeech，”andspeechas“（）”.A、vocalthoughtB、subvocalthoughtC、covertthoughtD、overtthought37.Languageisarbitraryinthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsand（）.A、wordsB、soundsC、objectsD、ideas38.Inmanysocietiesoftheworld，wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asacharacteristicofsocieties，b（）inevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewithdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguages.39.Utteranceisbasedon（）;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.40.Whatisidiolect?41.Inflectionalaffixes42.Oncethenotionof（）wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A、meaningB、contextC、formD、content43.InEnglish，longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i：/，thelarynxisinastateoftension.44.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.45.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations，only（）ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.A、kiblB、bkilC、ilkbD、ilbk46.Thebrain’sneurologicalspecializationforlanguageiscalledlinguisticI（），whichisspecifictohumanbeings.47.rootandstem48.GivethedescriptionofthefollowingsoundsegmentsinEnglish. [k];[z];[w];[u:];[i]49.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroupandpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,（）,andkinterm.A、title+firstnameB、title+titleC、titlealoneD、firstname+lastname+title50.Clear[1]anddark[ƚ]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations，thustheyaresaidtobeinc（）distribution.51.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas（）.A、+animate，+male，+human，+adultB、+animate，+male，+human，-adultC、+animate，-male，+human，-adultD、+animate，-male，+human，+adult52.（）referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.A、LinguistictabooB、EuphemismC、AddresstermD、Slang53.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas（）.A、unusualB、somethingtobefearedC、abnormalD、natural54.Therelationshipbetweentheembeddedclauseanditsmatrixclauseisoneofaparttothewhole.55.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina（）formula“S→NPVP”.A、hierarchicalB、linearC、treediagramD、vertical56.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.57.Asentenceisa（）concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.A、pragmaticB、grammaticalC、mentalD、conceptual58.（）actistheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething.A、AlocutionaryB、AnillocutionaryC、AperlocutionaryD、Aspeech59.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.60.“Itisraininghard”isaone-placepredicationsentence.61.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze（）meaning.A、phonemeB、wordC、phraseD、sentence62.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition，unlikeentailment，isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.63.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist，justasitisnotobscene;butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.64.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are（）.A、gradableantonymsB、converseantonymsC、co-hyponymsD、synonyms65.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.66.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?67.Whatarethesenserelationsbetweensentences?68.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish，MiddleEnglish，andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.69.Linguistics70.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”，and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.71.Ar（）isoftenseenaspartofaword，butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear，definitemeaning.72.Describetheprocessoflanguageperception，comprehensionandproduction.73.Thegreatsourceofmodificationoftheairstreamisfoundinthe（）cavity.A、nasalB、oralC、lungD、glottis74.namingtheoryandconceptualistview75.registers76.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare’splay“RomeoandJuliet”:“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”wellillustrates（）.A、theconventionalnatureoflanguageB、thecreativenatureoflanguageC、theuniversalityoflanguageD、thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication77.Consonantsoundscanbeeither（）or（）,whileallvowelsoundsare（）.78.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.79.InEnglish,“pill”and“bill”are（）.A、aphonemiccontrastB、complementarydistributionC、assimilationD、aminimalpair80.Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.81.AccordingtoSearle，thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled（）.A、commisivesB、directivesC、expressivesD、declaratives82.locutionaryact83.Lyingundertheskull,thehumanbraincontainsanaverageofthetenbillionnervecellscalled（）.A、neuronsB、nervesystemC、nervesD、cerebralcortex84.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled（）word.A、apolysemousB、asynonymousC、anabnormalD、amultiple85.inflectionalmorphemesn86.Whattheelement‘-es’indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement‘-ed’pasttense,and‘-ing’progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso（）.A、phonemesB、morphemesC、allophonesD、phones87.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.88.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.89.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are（）.A、gradableoppositesB、relationaloppositesC、co-hyponymsD、synonyms90.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences. (1)Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible. (2)Hesawyoungmenandwomenpresent. (3)Theyweresurprisedatthepresident'sappointment91.hierarchicalstructure92.maximsofqualityandmanner93.generaltolanguage95.Speechcommunity96.（）dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.A、LinguisticgeographyB、LexicologyC、LexicographyD、Sociolinguistics97.Drawalabeledconstituentstructuretreediagramforeachofthefollowingsentences: 1)Thestudentlikesthenewlinguisticsprofessor. 2)JohnsuggestedMarytakethelinguisticsclass.98.Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,is（）phonetics.A、auditoryB、acousticC、articulatoryD、noneoftheabovethree99.Anillocutionaryact100.WhydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzingtheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelementsSupportyourstatementwithexamples?第I卷参考答案一.参考题库1.参考答案：Acomparativeproceduretoestablishlinguisticdifferencesbetweenlanguagesforteachingpurposes.2.参考答案：正确3.参考答案：utterance4.参考答案：错误5.参考答案：C6.参考答案：D7.参考答案：Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealphysicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.8.参考答案： [k]：voiceless，stop，velar [z]：voiced，alveolar，fricative [w]：bilabial，approximant [u：]：back，lax，rounded，high [i]：front，tense，unrounded，high9.参考答案：D10.参考答案：错误11.参考答案：Avarietyoflanguagesusedbyasocialclass.12.参考答案：C13.参考答案： CompetenceandperformancewasproposedbytheAmericanlinguistN.Chomskyinthelate1950’s.Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,andperformancetheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.14.参考答案：Pragmaticsisthestudyofhowspeakersoflanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.15.参考答案：错误16.参考答案： Sapir-Whorfproposedfirstthatallhigherlevelsofthinkingaredependentonlanguage.Orputitmorebluntly,languagedeterminesthought,hencethestrongnotionoflinguisticdeterminism.Becauselanguagesdifferinmanyways,Whorfalsobelievedthatspeakersofdifferentlanguagesperceiveandexperiencetheworlddifferently,thatis,relativetotheirlinguisticbackground,hencethenotionoflinguisticrelativism.Inshort,thestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesisproposesthatthelanguagewespeakdeterminesthewayweperceivetheworldandthereforethenatureofthought.17.参考答案：complementary18.参考答案：错误19.参考答案：Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humansarebornwiththeabilitytoacquirealanguage，butdifferentfromanimals，theactualuseofhumanlanguageisnotgeneticallytransmitted，ratheritisculturallytransmitted，i.e.ithastobetaughtandlearnt.20.参考答案：D21.参考答案：social22.参考答案：Acculturationreferstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.23.参考答案：A24.参考答案：B25.参考答案：words；question26.参考答案：C27.参考答案：D28.参考答案：错误29.参考答案：B30.参考答案：B31.参考答案：B32.参考答案：Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.33.参考答案：Thoughtwhenitisclosetolanguage.34.参考答案：B35.参考答案：正确36.参考答案：D37.参考答案：B38.参考答案：bilingualism39.参考答案：sentencemeaning40.参考答案： Whenanindividualspeaks,whatisactuallyproducedisauniquelanguagesystemofthespeaker,expressedwithintheoverallsystemofaparticularlanguage.Suchapersonaldialectisreferredtoasidiolect.41.参考答案：Inflectionalaffixesorinflectionalmorphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,tense,degree,andcase.42.参考答案：B43.参考答案：正确44.参考答案：错误45.参考答案：A46.参考答案：lateralization47.参考答案：Thebaseformofaword;theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.48.参考答案： [k]：voiceless，stop，velar [z]：voiced，alveolar，fricative [w]：bilabial，approximant [u：]：back，lax，rounded，high [i]：front，tense，unrounded，high49.参考答案：C50.参考答案：complementary51.参考答案：A52.参考答案：A53.参考答案：D54.参考答案：正确55.参考答案：B56.参考答案：错误57.参考答案：B58.参考答案：C59.参考答案：错误60.参考答案：错误61.参考答案：D62.参考答案：正确63.参考答案：正确64.参考答案：B65.参考答案：正确66.参考答案：Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andparolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollowwhileparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules.Langueisabstract;itisnotthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,butparoleisconcrete;itreferstothenaturallyoccurringlanguageevents.Langueisrelativelystable.itdoesnotchangefrequently;whileparolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.67.参考答案： Senserelationsbetweensentences: 1)XissynonymouswithY. 2)XisinconsistentwithY. 3)XentailsY.(YisanentailmentofX.) 4)XpresupposesY.(YisaprerequisiteofX) 5)Xisacontradiction. 6)Xissemanticallyanomalous.68.参考答案：错误69.参考答案：Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.70.参考答案：正确71.参考答案：root72.参考答案： Fromtheperspectiveofpsycholinguisticanalysis,languageuseintermsofperception,comprehensionandproductionfollowsacertainpatternwhichinvolvesthecoordinationofvariouslanguagecenters.Whenwespeak,wordsaredrawnfromWernicke’sareaandtransferredtoBroca’sarea,whichdeterminesthedetailsoftheirformandpronunciation.Theappropriateinstructionsarethensenttothemotorareawhichcontrolsthevocaltracttophysicallyarticulatethewords.Whenwehearsomethingandtrytocomprehendit,thestimulusfromtheauditorycortexistransmittedtoWernicke‘sarea,whereitistheninterpreted.Whenweperceiveavisualimage,amessageissenttotheangulargyrus,whereitisconvertedintoavisualpattern.73.参考答案：B74.参考答案：Thewordsofalanguagearelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor;alinguisticformislinkedthroughconceptstowhatitrefersto.75.参考答案：Registersarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations，incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers.Forthisreason，registersarealsoknownassituationaldialects.76.参考答案：A77.参考答案：voiceless；voiced；voiced78.参考答案：正确79.参考答案：D80.参考答案：错误81.参考答案：A82.参考答案：Locutionaryactreferstotheactofutteringwords，phrases，andclauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax，lexiconandphonology.Forexample，bysaying“Youhaveleftthedoorwideopen”，thelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewordsandexpressedwhatthewordsliterallymean.83.参考答案：A84.参考答案：A85.参考答案： Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsandcategories，suchas-ed，-(e)s，-estinEnglish.86.参考答案：B87.参考答案：错误88.参考答案：错误89.参考答案：B90.参考答案： (1)thehuntersareshooting;