2024年高等教育教育类自考-00830现代语言学考试近5年真题附答案_第1页
2024年高等教育教育类自考-00830现代语言学考试近5年真题附答案_第2页
2024年高等教育教育类自考-00830现代语言学考试近5年真题附答案_第3页
2024年高等教育教育类自考-00830现代语言学考试近5年真题附答案_第4页
2024年高等教育教育类自考-00830现代语言学考试近5年真题附答案_第5页
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(图片大小可自由调整)2024年高等教育教育类自考-00830现代语言学考试近5年真题荟萃附答案第I卷一.参考题库(共100题)1.contrastiveanalysis2.OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolated,doconversationalimplicaturesarise.3.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized,thatofanu()isconcreteandcontext-dependent.4.Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.5.Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe().A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic6.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageis().A、rootB、affixC、stemD、morpheme7.Reference8.GivethedescriptionofthefollowingsoundsegmentsinEnglish. [k];[z];[w];[u:];[i]9.“JohnkilledBillbutBilldidn’tdie”isa(n)().A、entailmentB、presuppositionC、anomalyD、contradiction10.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.11.sociolect12.Wordsthatareoppositeinmeaningare().A、synonymsB、hyponymsC、antonymsD、homophones13.Whatisthedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance?14.Pragmatics15.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.16.WhatistheSapir-Whorfhypothesis?17.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofc()antonyms.18.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.19.culturaltransmission(asadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage)20.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar().A、JacobGrimmB、RasmusRaskC、FranzBoppD、SirWilliamJones21.Inthecourseoftime,thestudyoflanguagehascometoestablishcloselinkswithotherbranchesofs()studies,suchassociologyandpsychology.22.acculturation23.Whcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition().A、LanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformatioB、Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsC、ChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguageD、Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse24.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof().A、palatalB、alveolarC、bilabialD、dental25.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberof()toformacompletestatement,()orcommand.26.Hyponymsofthesame()areco-hyponyms.A、wordB、lexicalitemC、superordinateD、hyponym27.()languagebelongstotheSino-TibetanFamily.A、EnglishB、SpanishC、IndianD、Chinese28.Whenchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatarenotpartofthelanguage,theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparentsteachthem.29.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“light”.Thisshows:().A、Theycannotpronounce/n/B、Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongueC、TheteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethodD、Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds30.Theword“modernizers”iscomposedof()morphemes.A、3B、4C、5D、631.()morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.A、FreeB、BoundC、RootD、Affix32.suprasegmentalfeatures33.subvocalspeech34.Theterm()linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A、synchronicB、diachronicC、comparativeD、historicalcomparative35.Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.36.Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas“subvocalspeech,”andspeechas“()”.A、vocalthoughtB、subvocalthoughtC、covertthoughtD、overtthought37.Languageisarbitraryinthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsand().A、wordsB、soundsC、objectsD、ideas38.Inmanysocietiesoftheworld,wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asacharacteristicofsocieties,b()inevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewithdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguages.39.Utteranceisbasedon();itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.40.Whatisidiolect?41.Inflectionalaffixes42.Oncethenotionof()wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A、meaningB、contextC、formD、content43.InEnglish,longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i:/,thelarynxisinastateoftension.44.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.45.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,only()ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.A、kiblB、bkilC、ilkbD、ilbk46.Thebrain’sneurologicalspecializationforlanguageiscalledlinguisticI(),whichisspecifictohumanbeings.47.rootandstem48.GivethedescriptionofthefollowingsoundsegmentsinEnglish. [k];[z];[w];[u:];[i]49.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroupandpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,(),andkinterm.A、title+firstnameB、title+titleC、titlealoneD、firstname+lastname+title50.Clear[1]anddark[ƚ]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeinc()distribution.51.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas().A、+animate,+male,+human,+adultB、+animate,+male,+human,-adultC、+animate,-male,+human,-adultD、+animate,-male,+human,+adult52.()referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.A、LinguistictabooB、EuphemismC、AddresstermD、Slang53.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas().A、unusualB、somethingtobefearedC、abnormalD、natural54.Therelationshipbetweentheembeddedclauseanditsmatrixclauseisoneofaparttothewhole.55.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina()formula“S→NPVP”.A、hierarchicalB、linearC、treediagramD、vertical56.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.57.Asentenceisa()concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.A、pragmaticB、grammaticalC、mentalD、conceptual58.()actistheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething.A、AlocutionaryB、AnillocutionaryC、AperlocutionaryD、Aspeech59.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.60.“Itisraininghard”isaone-placepredicationsentence.61.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze()meaning.A、phonemeB、wordC、phraseD、sentence62.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition,unlikeentailment,isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.63.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist,justasitisnotobscene;butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.64.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are().A、gradableantonymsB、converseantonymsC、co-hyponymsD、synonyms65.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.66.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?67.Whatarethesenserelationsbetweensentences?68.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.69.Linguistics70.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”,and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.71.Ar()isoftenseenaspartofaword,butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning.72.Describetheprocessoflanguageperception,comprehensionandproduction.73.Thegreatsourceofmodificationoftheairstreamisfoundinthe()cavity.A、nasalB、oralC、lungD、glottis74.namingtheoryandconceptualistview75.registers76.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare’splay“RomeoandJuliet”:“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”wellillustrates().A、theconventionalnatureoflanguageB、thecreativenatureoflanguageC、theuniversalityoflanguageD、thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication77.Consonantsoundscanbeeither()or(),whileallvowelsoundsare().78.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.79.InEnglish,“pill”and“bill”are().A、aphonemiccontrastB、complementarydistributionC、assimilationD、aminimalpair80.Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.81.AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled().A、commisivesB、directivesC、expressivesD、declaratives82.locutionaryact83.Lyingundertheskull,thehumanbraincontainsanaverageofthetenbillionnervecellscalled().A、neuronsB、nervesystemC、nervesD、cerebralcortex84.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled()word.A、apolysemousB、asynonymousC、anabnormalD、amultiple85.inflectionalmorphemesn86.Whattheelement‘-es’indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement‘-ed’pasttense,and‘-ing’progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso().A、phonemesB、morphemesC、allophonesD、phones87.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.88.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.89.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are().A、gradableoppositesB、relationaloppositesC、co-hyponymsD、synonyms90.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences. (1)Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible. (2)Hesawyoungmenandwomenpresent. (3)Theyweresurprisedatthepresident'sappointment91.hierarchicalstructure92.maximsofqualityandmanner93.generaltolanguage95.Speechcommunity96.()dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.A、LinguisticgeographyB、LexicologyC、LexicographyD、Sociolinguistics97.Drawalabeledconstituentstructuretreediagramforeachofthefollowingsentences: 1)Thestudentlikesthenewlinguisticsprofessor. 2)JohnsuggestedMarytakethelinguisticsclass.98.Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,is()phonetics.A、auditoryB、acousticC、articulatoryD、noneoftheabovethree99.Anillocutionaryact100.WhydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzingtheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelementsSupportyourstatementwithexamples?第I卷参考答案一.参考题库1.参考答案:Acomparativeproceduretoestablishlinguisticdifferencesbetweenlanguagesforteachingpurposes.2.参考答案:正确3.参考答案:utterance4.参考答案:错误5.参考答案:C6.参考答案:D7.参考答案:Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealphysicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.8.参考答案: [k]:voiceless,stop,velar [z]:voiced,alveolar,fricative [w]:bilabial,approximant [u:]:back,lax,rounded,high [i]:front,tense,unrounded,high9.参考答案:D10.参考答案:错误11.参考答案:Avarietyoflanguagesusedbyasocialclass.12.参考答案:C13.参考答案: CompetenceandperformancewasproposedbytheAmericanlinguistN.Chomskyinthelate1950’s.Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,andperformancetheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.14.参考答案:Pragmaticsisthestudyofhowspeakersoflanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.15.参考答案:错误16.参考答案: Sapir-Whorfproposedfirstthatallhigherlevelsofthinkingaredependentonlanguage.Orputitmorebluntly,languagedeterminesthought,hencethestrongnotionoflinguisticdeterminism.Becauselanguagesdifferinmanyways,Whorfalsobelievedthatspeakersofdifferentlanguagesperceiveandexperiencetheworlddifferently,thatis,relativetotheirlinguisticbackground,hencethenotionoflinguisticrelativism.Inshort,thestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesisproposesthatthelanguagewespeakdeterminesthewayweperceivetheworldandthereforethenatureofthought.17.参考答案:complementary18.参考答案:错误19.参考答案:Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humansarebornwiththeabilitytoacquirealanguage,butdifferentfromanimals,theactualuseofhumanlanguageisnotgeneticallytransmitted,ratheritisculturallytransmitted,i.e.ithastobetaughtandlearnt.20.参考答案:D21.参考答案:social22.参考答案:Acculturationreferstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.23.参考答案:A24.参考答案:B25.参考答案:words;question26.参考答案:C27.参考答案:D28.参考答案:错误29.参考答案:B30.参考答案:B31.参考答案:B32.参考答案:Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.33.参考答案:Thoughtwhenitisclosetolanguage.34.参考答案:B35.参考答案:正确36.参考答案:D37.参考答案:B38.参考答案:bilingualism39.参考答案:sentencemeaning40.参考答案: Whenanindividualspeaks,whatisactuallyproducedisauniquelanguagesystemofthespeaker,expressedwithintheoverallsystemofaparticularlanguage.Suchapersonaldialectisreferredtoasidiolect.41.参考答案:Inflectionalaffixesorinflectionalmorphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,tense,degree,andcase.42.参考答案:B43.参考答案:正确44.参考答案:错误45.参考答案:A46.参考答案:lateralization47.参考答案:Thebaseformofaword;theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.48.参考答案: [k]:voiceless,stop,velar [z]:voiced,alveolar,fricative [w]:bilabial,approximant [u:]:back,lax,rounded,high [i]:front,tense,unrounded,high49.参考答案:C50.参考答案:complementary51.参考答案:A52.参考答案:A53.参考答案:D54.参考答案:正确55.参考答案:B56.参考答案:错误57.参考答案:B58.参考答案:C59.参考答案:错误60.参考答案:错误61.参考答案:D62.参考答案:正确63.参考答案:正确64.参考答案:B65.参考答案:正确66.参考答案:Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andparolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollowwhileparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules.Langueisabstract;itisnotthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,butparoleisconcrete;itreferstothenaturallyoccurringlanguageevents.Langueisrelativelystable.itdoesnotchangefrequently;whileparolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.67.参考答案: Senserelationsbetweensentences: 1)XissynonymouswithY. 2)XisinconsistentwithY. 3)XentailsY.(YisanentailmentofX.) 4)XpresupposesY.(YisaprerequisiteofX) 5)Xisacontradiction. 6)Xissemanticallyanomalous.68.参考答案:错误69.参考答案:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.70.参考答案:正确71.参考答案:root72.参考答案: Fromtheperspectiveofpsycholinguisticanalysis,languageuseintermsofperception,comprehensionandproductionfollowsacertainpatternwhichinvolvesthecoordinationofvariouslanguagecenters.Whenwespeak,wordsaredrawnfromWernicke’sareaandtransferredtoBroca’sarea,whichdeterminesthedetailsoftheirformandpronunciation.Theappropriateinstructionsarethensenttothemotorareawhichcontrolsthevocaltracttophysicallyarticulatethewords.Whenwehearsomethingandtrytocomprehendit,thestimulusfromtheauditorycortexistransmittedtoWernicke‘sarea,whereitistheninterpreted.Whenweperceiveavisualimage,amessageissenttotheangulargyrus,whereitisconvertedintoavisualpattern.73.参考答案:B74.参考答案:Thewordsofalanguagearelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor;alinguisticformislinkedthroughconceptstowhatitrefersto.75.参考答案:Registersarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations,incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers.Forthisreason,registersarealsoknownassituationaldialects.76.参考答案:A77.参考答案:voiceless;voiced;voiced78.参考答案:正确79.参考答案:D80.参考答案:错误81.参考答案:A82.参考答案:Locutionaryactreferstotheactofutteringwords,phrases,andclauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.Forexample,bysaying“Youhaveleftthedoorwideopen”,thelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewordsandexpressedwhatthewordsliterallymean.83.参考答案:A84.参考答案:A85.参考答案: Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsandcategories,suchas-ed,-(e)s,-estinEnglish.86.参考答案:B87.参考答案:错误88.参考答案:错误89.参考答案:B90.参考答案: (1)thehuntersareshooting;

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