高考英语语法专题名词性从句

名词性从句一．学习目标1.熟练选择在具体语境中连接词，尤其是连接词what和that的辨析，以及whether与if表示“是否”时的区别。2.熟练辨析名词性从句和定语从句。二．基础知识梳理（一）认识各种名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句具体分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。1.主语从句(1)Whowillgoisnotimportant.(2)Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.(3)Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.注意：that引导主语从句放于句首时，that不能省略。2.表语从句(1)Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.(2)Myideaisthatwecangetmorepeopletohelpinthework.(3)Thatiswhythebrotherswantedtomakeabet.(4)Thisiswhereourproblemlies.(5)Tomorrowiswhenitwouldbethemostconvenient.*Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.*Hefailedtheexam.That’sbecausehedidn’tworkhardenough.*Hedidn’tworkhardenough.That’swhyhefailedtheexam.*Thereason_____hefailedtheexamis________hedidn’tworkhardenough.3.宾语从句(1)Doyouknow(that)hehasjoinedthearmy?(2)Imakeitknownthatwe’llbeinvitedtotheball.(3)Wehaven’tdecidedwhetherwewillinviteTomtoourparty.(4)Shedidn’trememberwhereshehadleftherwallet.(5)IcanjudgebywhatIknowofhim.注意：（1）如果动词宾语后又有补语，那么要使用it作形式宾语，然后把宾语从句放在补语之后。（2）如果主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时，那么从句的时态要采用相应的与过去有关的时态，但如果宾语从句表达的是客观事实，真理，自然现象等时，从句谓语动词通常用一般现在时。Theboysaidthathehadfinishedhishomework.Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.4．同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一抽象名词的同位语，一般位于该名词(如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,question,promise等)之后，说明该名词的具体内容。如：(1)Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.(2)ThenewscamethatMr.SmithwillcometoourschoolnextFriday.(3)MyquestionhowIshouldgetintouchwithhimhasnotbeenanswered.辨别同位语从句和定语从句同位语从句与定语从句都可由that,when,where等与主句连接起来,其结构都是＂名词+从句＂。辨别这种结构是同位语从句还是定语从句有两种方法。一关联词是否担任一个成分如果that在其引导的从句中承担一个成分（如主语、宾语或表语），则该从句是定语从句；否则是同位语从句。例如：Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.在此句中，that引导的从句的主语是he,谓语是hadnotsaid,宾语anything,that在该从句中不承担任何成分。因而，它引导的从句属同位语从句。Thisisthefactthatyoumustknowclearly.上句中的that在从句中作动词know的宾语，所以该从句是定语从句。二是否有疑问意义当when,where等引导定语从句时，其意义与先行词有关，与先行词的意义基本相同，没有疑问意义，如：when的先行词是表时间的名词，where的相应先行词是表地点的名词，why的先行词是reason。但它们引导同位语从句时，其意义与被同位的词在意义上毫无关系，其义完全与疑问词相同，即when表“什么时候”，where表“哪儿”。它们引导两种从句时都在从句中作状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。句中的

when相当于“ontheday”，它没有疑问词“什么时候”的意义，因此是定语从句。DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?你还记得十年前的一个下午我到你家借钻石项链吗？句中when相当于“onthatafternoon”,故也是定语从句。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。句中的where相当于“inthehouse”,仍是定语从句。Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.我不知道她将什么时候回来。句中when与idea毫无意义上的关联，其意义是“什么时候”，因而是同位语从句。Thenarosethequestionwhereweweretogettheneededmachines.这时就产生了这样一个问题，我们到哪儿寻找所需要的机器。句中where与question没有意义上的联系，意义是“哪儿”，故where引导的也是同位语从句。（二）名词性从句考查注意请记住这句话＂名从考点很重要，连时语序要记牢＂。说明：“连”指对名词性从句连接词的考查，“时”指对宾语从句时态的考查，“语序”指对名词性从句语序的考查。名词性从句的连接词是名词性从句中最核心的问题，也是高考的常考点。连接词的选择考虑三类：1.无意义填that;2.意为“是否”填whether/if;3.wh-/wh-ever要考虑它在从句中的作用和所表达的意义。1.that引导的名词性从句(1)Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.(2)Thatweareinvitedtotheconcertthiseveningisgoodnewstous.(3)Weconsideritnecessarythatheshouldimprovehispronunciation.(4)Iknow(that)hehasjustgraduatedfromcollegeandthatheislookingforajob.(5)Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheisalittlebitcareless.(6)Mydecisionisthatallofusaretostartat6:00tomorrowmorning.(7)Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometoschoolwasthathewasill.(8)There’safeelinginmethatwe’llneverknowwhataUFOis.提示：A.that引导名词性从句，that不充当任何句中成分且无意义。B.除了引导第一个宾语从句的that可以省略外，其余都不要省略。C.that与what的异同点that与what都可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。what除起连接词作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句中的主语、宾语或表语，而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接的作用。例如：Whatallthesemediahaveincommonisthattheyinformusofthelatestnews.D.在意欲动词如insist,order,command,suggest,advise,recommend,propose,demand,require,request,ask,desire等及其变体和Itis+necessary,important,essential,strange,apity后的that引导的名词性从句中，谓语部分常用(should)do形式。如：(1)Heinsistedthathe(should)tryonceagain.(应该)(2)Hisadviceisthateveryone(should)dohisbesttohelpthepoorgirl.(应该)(3)Itisrequiredthatstudents(should)attendatleast90%ofthelectures.(应该)(4)Theirsuggestionisthatouroutput(should)beincreasedby20%.(5)Itisnecessaryhe(should)apologizetoyou.(应该)(6)Itisstrangethathe(should)thinkso.(竟然)(7)Itisapitythathe(should)missthelecture.(竟然)2.whether/if引导的名词性从句(1)Whetherthemeetingwillbegivenisstillaproblem.(2)Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.(3)Ihavenoideawhetherthemeetingwillbegiven.(4)Itdependsonwhetheryoucandotheworkwell.(5)Idon’tcarewhetherornothewillcome.(6)Idon’tcarewhether/ifhewillcomeornot.(7)Idon’tknowwhethertogothere.提示：1）二者在动词后引导宾语从句时，常可互换Idon’tknowwhether/ifshewillcome.2)doubt用在疑问句和否定句中时，宾语从句的连词用that;用在肯定句中时，则用whether/if引导，记住下面句式。Thereisnodoubtthat+从句Ihavenodoubtthat+从句Ihavesomedoubtwhether+从句Idon’tdoubtthat+从句Idoubtwhether/if+从句3）引导主语从句、表语从句，名词后同位语从句时，一般不能用if,只能用whether.Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecided.Whatworriedhimwaswhethertheirteamwouldwinthematch..4)介词后的宾语从句只用

whether,不用ifScientistsarealsodevelopingnewfuelsandenginesthatwillletustravelwithoutworryingaboutwhetherwearepollutingtheenvironment.5)后面直接跟动词不定式时，只用whetherWedidn’tknowwhethertostayornot.6)后面紧跟ornot时,用whether我们可以说whether…ornot;whetherornot;if…ornot但没有ifornot结构Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcomeforourhelp.3.wh-或wh-ever引导名词性从句(1)We’reworryingaboutwhatweshoulddonext.(2)H