外文翻译-基于Windows 的三维实体模型设计系统

外文文献原文AWindows-native3DplasticinjectionmolddesignsystemL.Kong,J.Y.H.Fuh,K.S.Lee,X.L.Liu,L.S.Ling,Y.F.ZhangA.Y.C.NeeAbstract：3Dsolid-modelingrevolutionhasreachedthedesignmainstream.Whilehigh-end3Dsolid-modelingsystemshavebeenonengineers’workstationatlargeaerospace,consumerproducts,andautomobilecompaniesforyears,manysmallercompaniesarenowmakingtheswitchfromworkstationstoPC.OnereasonfortheshiftisthattheflexibilityandadvancementofWindows-native/NThasletsoftwaredeveloperscreateapplicationsthatareaffordableandeasytouse.High-endusersarefindingthatmidrangesolidmodelers,suchasSolidWorks,havemettheirneeds.SolidWorkswaschosenastheplatformduetotheWindows-nativedesignenvironment,powerfulassemblycapabilities,ease-of-use,rapidlearningcurve,andaffordableprice.AWindows-native3DplasticinjectionmolddesignssystemhasbeenimplementedonanNTthroughinterfacingVisualC++codeswiththecommercialsoftware,SolidWorks99andAPI.Thesystemprovidesadesignerwithaninteractivecomputer-aideddesignenvironment,whichcanbothspeedupthemolddesignprocessandfacilitatestandardization.©2003ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Plasticinjectionmold;Windows;CAD;Parting1.IntroductionWiththebroaderuseofplasticspartsinawideproductrange,fromconsumerproductstomachinery,carsandairplanes,theinjectionmoldingprocesshasbeenrecognizedasanimportantmanufacturingprocess.Themolddesignprocessisgenerallythecriticalpathofanewproductdevelopment.Conventionally,molddesignhasalwaysbeenamuch“mystified”art,requiringyearsofexperiencebeforeonecanberelativelyproficientinit.Duetotheinitialdifficultyinlearningthisart,lessandlesspeoplearebenefitingfromtheexperienceandknowledgeoftheexpertsinthisfield.Tochangethecurrentsituation,onewayistouseacomputer-aideddesign(CAD)system.CADasaneverydaytermhasgrowntoabroadrangeofcapabilitiesandhasapplicationsinfieldsrangingfromeducationforschoolteachingtothree-dimensionalmechanicaldesign.Atthepresenttime,mostCADsystemsprovideonlythegeometricmodelingfunctionsthatfacilitatethedraftingoperationsofmolddesign,anddonotprovidemolddesignerswiththenecessaryknowledgetodesignthemolds.Thus,much“add-on”software,e.g.IMOLD®,havebeendevelopedonhigh-level3Dmodelingplatformstofacilitatethemolddesignprocesses.Suchanarrangementisadvantageousinmanyways.The3Dmodelingplatformprovidesplug-insoftwarewithalibraryoffunctionsaswellasanestablisheduserinterfaceandstyleofprogramming.Asaresult,thedevelopmenttimeforthese“add-ons”issignificantlyreduced.IMOLD®(intelligentmolddesign)[1]isaknowledgebasedsoftwareapplication,whichrunsontheUnigraphicsSolidWorksplatformandiscarriedoutbyusingtheUserFunctionprovided.ItisavailableontheUNIXandwindowsoperationsystem.Foryears,molddesignengineershavehadtodealwithtwodifferentsystems,UNIXandPC.Theformeriswidelyusedinengineeringapplicationswhilstthelatterisusedmainlyinsmallandmediumcompanies.Engineersalsoneedtoruncorporateofficeapplicationssuchaswordprocessing,spreadsheets,andprojectmanagementtools,butthesewerenotontheirUNIXworkstations.Fortunately,theremarkabledevelopmentofcomputertechnologyinthelastdecadehasprovidedawaytochangethissituation.Themostsignificantchangehasbeenintheareaofcomputerhardware,i.e.theactualelectroniccomponentsassociatedwithdataprocessing,informationstorage,anddisplaytechnology,intermsofbothspeedandmemory.Thesehaveresultedinthemoreefficientuseofthesolid-modelingfunctionsinaPC-basedCAD/CAMsystem.Withtheincreasedavailabilityofsophisticated,low-costsoftwareforWindows,moreandmoreengineersareusingPCapplicationstogettheirjobsdone.ThusthedevelopmentofanewmolddesignapplicationbasedontheWindowsplatformsisinhighdemand.High-endusersarefindingthatmid-rangesolidmodelers,suchasSolidWorks,havemettheirneeds.DevelopedfromthebeginningasanativeWindowsapplication,SolidWorksisoneofthe3DmechanicaldesignsoftwaresforWindows.Itsuniquecombinationofproduction-levelpower,ease-of-use,andaffordabilityisunmatched.SolidWorks99,theseventhmajorreleaseofthecompany’smechanicaldesignsoftwareforWindowsNT,Windows98andbeyondprovidesanincreasedpowerandfunctionalityinafullyintegratedsolidmodeler.Familiarconventionssuchaspoint-and-click,drag-and-drop,cut-and-paste,andseamlessdatasharingwithotherWindowssoftwareleadtoproductivitygains.Theease-of-usewithoutextensivetrainingandataffordablepricingenablescompaniestoinstallthesystemoneveryengineer’sdesktop.Oneofitsapplicationsisformolddesignintheplasticsindustry.Thislatestapplicationtechnologyhasaddedanentirelynewdimensiontothemolddesignprocess.2.InjectionmolddesignInjectionmoldingusestemperature-dependentchangesinmaterialpropertiestoobtainthefinalshapesofdiscretepartstofinishornear-finishdimensionsthroughtheuseofmolds.Inthistypeofmanufacturingprocess,liquidmaterialisforcedtofillandsolidifyinsidethecavityofthemold[2].Firstly,thecreationofamoldmodelrequiresadesignmodelandacontainingbox.Thedesignmodelrepresentsthefinishedproduct,whereasthecontainingboxrepresentstheoverallvolumeofthemoldcomponents.Injectionmolddesigninvolvesextensiveempiricalknowledge(heuristicknowledge)aboutthestructureandthefunctionsofthecomponentsofthemold.Thetypicalprocessofanewmolddevelopmentcanbeorganizedintofourmajorphases:productdesign,moldabilityassessment,detailedpartdesign,insert/cavitydesign,anddetailedmolddesign.InPhase0,aproductconceptispulledtogetherbyafewpeople(usuallyacombinationofmarketingandengineering).TheprimaryfocusofPhase0istoanalyzethemarketopportunityandstrategicfit.InPhaseIthetypicalprocess-relatedmanufacturinginformationisthenaddedtothedesigntoproduceadetailedgeometry.Theconceptualdesignistransformedintoamanufacturabilityonebyusingappropriatemanufacturinginformation.InPhaseIIthepartingdirectionandpartinglineslocationareaddedtoinspectthemoldability.Otherwise,thepartshapeisagainmodified.InPhaseIII,thepartgeometryisusedtoestablishtheshapeofthemoldcoreandcavitythatwillbeusedtoformthepart.Generallyshrinkageandexpansionsneedtobeconsideredsothatthemoldingwillbethecorrectsizeandshapeattheprocessingtemperature.Gates,runners,overflows,andventsalsoneedtobeadded.Theassociationbetweengeometricdataandpartinginformationiscriticalatthispoint.PhaseIVisrelatedtotheoverallmechanicalstructureofthemoldincludingtheconnectionofthemoldtotheinjectionmachine,amechanismsforfilling,cooling,andforejectionandmoldassembly.3.MethodologyForthereasonsdescribedabove,SolidWorks99hasbeenusedastheplatformforthenewmolddesignapplication.Fig.1showsaWindows-native3DinjectionmolddesignsystemcomparedwithIMOLD.Users’applicationscanbecreatedandrunasastandaloneexefileorasaUserDLLorExtensionDLLinSolidWorks.TheSolidWorksAdd-InManagerallowsuserstocontrolwhichthirdpartysoftwareisloadedatanytimeduringtheirSolidWorkssession.Morethanonepackagecanbeloadedatonce,andthesettingswillbemaintainedacrossSolidWorkssessions.3.1.SolidWorksSolidWorksrecentlyemergedasoneofthe3DproductdesignsoftwareforWindows,providingoneofthemostpowerfulandintuitivemechanicaldesignsolutioninitsclass.InSolidWorks,partsarecreatedbybuildinga“basefeature,”andaddingotherfeaturessuchasbosses,cuts,holes,fillets,orshells.Thebasefeaturemaybeanextrusion,revolution,sweptprofile,orloft.Tocreateabasefeature,sketchatwo-dimensionalgeometricprofileandmovetheprofilethroughspacetocreateavolume.Geometrycanbesketchedonconstructionplanesoronplanarsurfacesofparts.Feature-basedsolid-modelingprogramsaremakingtwo-dimensionaldesigntechniquesobsolete.However,Unix-basedsolid-modelingsoftwareareexpensive.WiththeintroductionofSolidWorksforMicrosoftWindows,thecostislessthanthepriceofearlierdimensiondrivensolid-modelingprograms[3].3.2.Parasolidasa3DkernelSolidWorksusesParasolidasa3Dkernel.Parasolidkernelmodelingtoolkit,isrecognizedasaworld’sleading,production-provencoresolidmodeler.Designedasanexactboundary-representationsolidmodeler,Parasolidprovidesrobustsolid-modeling,generalizedcellularmodelingandintegratedsurface/sheetmodelingcapabilitiesandisdesignedforeasyintegrationintoCAD/CAM/CAEsystemstogiverapidtimetomarket.Itsextensivefunctionalityissuppliedasalibraryofroutineswithanobject-orientedprogramminginterface.Itisessentiallyasolidmodeler,whichcanbeusedto[4]:(i)buildandmanipulatesolidobjects;(ii)calculatemassandmomentsofinertia,andperforminterferencedetection;(iii)outputtheobjectsinvariouspictorialways;(iv)storetheobjectsinsomesortofdatabaseorarchiveandretrievethemlater;and(iv)supportfreeformsurfaces.3.3.API[5]TheSolidWorksapplicationprogramminginterface(API)isanOLEprogramminginterfacetoSolidWorks.TheAPIcontainshundredsoffunctionsthatcanbecalledfromVisualBasic,VBA(Excel,Access,etc.),C,C++,orSolidWorksmacrofiles.ThesefunctionsprovidetheprogrammerwithdirectaccesstoSolidWorksfunctionalitysuchascreatingaline,extrudingaboss,orverifyingtheparametersofasurface.SolidWorksexposesfunctionalitythroughOLEautomationusingDispatchandalsothroughstandardCOMobjects.TheDispatchinterface[6]willpackageargumentsandreturnvaluesasVariantssothatlanguagessuchasBasiccanhandlethem.ACOMimplementationgivesyourapplicationmoredirectaccesstotheunderlyingobjects,andsubsequently,increasedperformance.4.ImplementationsThefactsthatSolidWorksAPIinterfaceusesanobjectorientedapproachandtheAPIFig.3.Systeminfrastructureforthemolddesignapplicfunctionsallowsonetochooseanobject-orientedlanguage,e.g.VisualC++,astheprogramminglanguage.Usingthismethodology,aWindows-based3DinjectionmolddesignapplicationisdevelopedonWindowsNTthroughinterfacingoftheVisualC++codewithacommercialsoftware,SolidWorks99.Inthisapplicationthemolddesignprocessisdividedintoseveralstages,providingthemolddesignerwithaconsistentmethodofcreatingthemolddesign.TheoverviewofthisframeworkisshowninFig.3.Eachstagecanbeconsideredasanindependentmoduleoftheprogram.SeveralmoduleshavebeensuccessfullydevelopedusingSolidWorks.Twoofthem,moldbasemoduleandpartingmoduleareshownbelow.Fig.4.Detailsofthemoldbasemodule.4.1.MoldbasemoduleThemoldbasemodulecanautomaticallycreateparametricstandardmoldbases,withallitscomponentsandaccessories,likeHASCO,DME,HOPPT,LKMandFUTABA.Thismoduleallowseasycustomizationofmoldbasescommonlyusedbydesigners.Keyfeaturesincludeavailabilityofstandardmoldbasecomponentslikesupportpillarsandspruebushings,2-plateand3-platemoldbases,andcustomizationofnon-standardmoldbases.Themoldbasemoduleconsistsoffourmainsections,namely,thecomponentlibrary(includingstandardandnon-standardpartlibrary),thedesigntable,thedimensiondrivenfunctionality,andstructurerelationmanagement.Here,thedimensiondrivenfunctionalityisprovidedbySolidWorkstosupportfortheapplication.ThedetailsforthemoldbasemoduleareshowninFig.4.(1)Componentlibrary.Inordertostrengthenthemolddesigncapabilityinthisincreasinglycompetitiveworld,loweringthedesigncostandcycletime,reducingtheman-power,andautomationaremajorfactorsinachievingthispurpose.Inotherwords,itisnecessarytohavecomputersoftwarethatisabletoeasilycreate,modify,andanalyzethemolddesigncomponents,andupdatethechangesinadesignmodel.Toachievethis,a3Dcomponentlibraryisprovidedtostorestandardandnon-standardpartsdata,whosedimensionsarestoredinMicrosoftExcel.Byspecifyingtheappropriatedimensions,thesecomponentscanbegeneratedandinsertedintotheassemblystructure.Thislibraryiscompletelycustomizableanddesignersareabletoaddtheirownpartsintothelibrary.(2)DimensiondrivenSolidWorksprovidesstrongdimensiondrivenfunctionalitytosupportparametricdesign.ItisthelogicalrelationshipbetweenthedimensionsetsstoredinMicrosoftExcelandthegeometry.Whenasetofdimensionisintegratedwiththecorrespondingparametersetofthegeometryofanobject,theexactmodelcanbethenobtained.(3)DesigntableAdesigntableallowsadesignertobuildmultipleconfigurationsofpartsbyspecifyingparametersinanembeddedMicrosoftExcelspreadsheet.Thedesigntableissavedinthepartfileandisusedtostorethedimensions,thesuppressionoffeaturesandtheconfigurationproperties,includingpartnumberinabillofmaterials,comments,andcustomerrequirements.Whenappropriatedimensionsareadded,thedesigntablewillcontainalltheinformationneededtocreateanaccuratemodeloftheassembly.(4)StructurerelationmanagementThissectionrecordsthestructurerelationsbetweenmoldbasecomponents.Whensuppliedwithcertainparametersetfromthedesigntable,thissub-modulehelpsthemolddesignertoinsertthesecomponentsintotheassemblystructure,thusaspecificmoldbaseassemblycanbeautomaticallygenerated.4.2.PartingmoduleSomeofthepartingalgorithms[7–10]havebeenreportedpreviously.Inthisdevelopment,partingmoduleisdevelopedtohandlethecreationofcoresandcavities.Itisoneofthemostimportantmodulesinacomputer-aidedinjectionmolddesignsystem[11].Thecreationofamoldmodelneedstohaveadesignmodel,acontainingbox,andpartingsurfacesavailable.Thedesignmodelrepresentsthefinishedproduct,whereasthecontainingboxrepresentstheoverallvolumeofthemoldcomponents.Inordertosplittheboxintothecoreandcavity,thedesignmodelisfirstsubtractedfromthebox.Thepartingsurfacesarethenusedtoseparatethecontainingboxintomoldhalves,oftenreferredasthecoreandcavity.Whenmeltplasticsisinjectedintothecavity,thefinishedproductisformedbythetwoopposingmoldhalves.Aftersolidification,bothmoldhalvesmoveawayfromthepartalongthepartingdirectionsdand−d,respectively.5.ConclusionsThispaperintroducesthebasicconceptofplasticsinjectionmolddesignandamethodologyofCADforinjectionmold.ThroughWindowsNTplatform,themethodologyhasbeenimplementedonSolidWorks99andAPI.ItwaschosenastheplatformforitsWindows-nativedesignenvironment,powerfulassemblycapabilities,ease-of-use,rapidlearningcurve,andaffordableprice.ACADprototypeforplasticsinjectionmolddesignusingVisualC++hasbeendevelopedandimplementedonSolidWorks99andAPIthroughThisprototypehasbeendevelopedandtestedonseveralmodules,suchasdataprepare,fillingdesign,moldbaseandpartingdesign,goodresultshavebeenobtainedformolddesigngeneration.TheprogramprovidesdesignerswithaninteractiveCADprocedureandWindows-nativedesignenvironment,whichcanbothspeedupthemolddesignprocessandfacilitatestandardizationwhich,inturn,increasesthespeedofmoldmanufacture.Theprogramwaswrittenonanobject-orientedprogramminglanguage(VisualC++),whichensuresfurtherdevelopmentandextension.Thismethodologyismainlyaddressedforplasticsinjectionmolddesignprocess,butitcouldbeappliedtodie-castingdiedesign.Renfrence:[1]IMOLDVersion3.0,ManusoftPlasticPteLtd.,1998.[2]Y.S.Yueh,R.A.Miller,Systematicapproachtosupportdesignformanufacturabilityininjectionmoldinganddiecasting,in:ProceedingsoftheComputersinEngineeringASMEDatabaseSymposium,ASME,NewYork,[3]SolidWorks99User’sGuide,SolidWorksCorporation.[4]UnigraphicsSolutionsInc.ParasolidOn-LineDocumentationWeb,ParasolidV10.1.123.[5]SolidWorks99APIDocumentation,SolidWorksCorporation.[6]J.J.Shah,H.Dedhia,V.Pherwani,S.Solkhan,Dynamicinterfacingofapplicationstogeometricmodelingservicesviamodelerneutralprotocol,Comput.AidedDes.29(12)(1997)811–824.[7]A.Y.C.Nee,M.W.Fu,J.Y.H.Fuh,K.S.Lee,Y.F.Zhang,Determinationofoptimalpartingdirectionsinplasticinjectionmolddesign,CIRPAnn.Manuf.Technol.46(1)(1997)429–[8]Z.-Y.Zhou,S.-M.Gao,Z.-C.Gu,J.-Y.Shi,Automaticdeterminationofthepartinglineininjectionmolddesign,J.Comput.AidedDes.Comput.Graphics12(7)(2000)512–516.[9]M.W.Fu,J.Y.H.Fuh,A.Y.C.Nee,Coreandcavitygenerationmethodininjectionmoulddesign,Int.J.Prod.Res.39(1)(2001)121–138.[10]L.Kong,J.Y.H.Fuh,K.S.Lee,Auto-generationofpatchsurfacesforinjectionmoulddesign,Proc.Inst.Mech.Eng.B215(1)(2001)105–110.[11]C.K.Mok,K.S.Chin,J.K.L.Ho,Aninteractiveknowledge-basedCADsystemformoulddesignininjectionmouldingprocesses,Int.J.Adv.Manuf.Technol.17(1)(2001)27–38.外文文献译文：基于Windows的三维实体模型设计系统L.Kong,J.Y.H.Fuhui,K.S.Lee,X.L.Liu,L.S.Ling,Y.F.Zhang,A.Y.C.Nee摘要：3D立体建模已经成为设计主流。高阶层的3D立体建模系统已经普遍应用在航空，消费品和汽车等行业长达数年之久，不过许多较小的公司现在正在制造从工作站到个人计算机的转辙器。原因之一是由于先进的Windows网络操作系统已经让软件显像剂产生可负担的和容易使用的应用程序。高阶层的使用者正在发现像SolidWorks这样的一个适中范围实体造型软件,已经可以他们的需求。SolidWorks选用了Windows作为平台的设计环境，具有强大的装配能力,操作方便，便于学习,价格低廉。三维实体模型设计系统已经能在网络上通过调用VC接口，SolidWorks99和API代码组。系统提供一个交互式计算机辅助设计环境,不但能够加速设计，而且容易标准化。关键字:实体造型;Windows;CAD;区别1.简介实体造型使用在一个广泛的生产范围中,从消费品到机器，从汽车到飞机，实体造型过程已经被认为是一个重要的制造过程。实体造型过程通常是新的产品开发的要径。通常,实体造型设计总是被认为是“神秘化的艺术”,要求需要数年的经验才能相对地精通。由于初始技术学习上的困难，越来越少的人在这个领域中成为有经验的专家。为了改变目前的状况，一种方法就是使用计算机辅助设计(CAD)系统。CAD作为一个专业术语已经在学术教学的教育及三维机械设计得到应用。目前，大多数的CAD系统只提供几何学的造型制图操作,但是不提供三维实体造型。因此,很多的"补丁"软件,例如IMOLD,已经在高阶层的3D立体上被发展为实体造型设计程序。对于许多方式来说，如此布置是有利的。当建立一个使用者的接口和方案研拟之时，三维实体造型平台提供一个函数的程序给插入软件。结果，发展时间对于这些"补丁"的重要性被减少。IMOLD[1]是一个可知的软件应用程序,后续使用被提供的函数在SolidWorks平台上运行。资讯科技被有效的使用在UNIX操作系统和视窗操作系统上。几年前,实体造型工程师必须处理两个不同的系统，UNIX操作系统和PC操作系统。后者在小型公司中被普遍使用。工程师也需要运行一些日常的应用程序，如文字处理，试算表和项目管理用工具工作，但是这些不在他们的UNIX操作系统工作站上。幸运的是，计算机技术在最近十年的显著发展已经为改变这一形态提供了途径。最显著的改变已经在计算机实体的面积中,也就是与数据处理，信息储备一起关联,而且显示了工艺学在电子方面的结构,速率和存储器状态。这些已经造成了以个人计算机为基础的CAD/CAM凸轮系统的实体造型技术比较有效率地使用。对于越来越多工程师正在使用的个人计算机应用程序，藉由Windows增加有效的，尖端的,低成本软件来完成。一个新的以Windows平台为基础的实体造型设计应用程序正在广泛的需求之中。高阶层的使用者正在发现像SolidWorks这样的一个实体造型软件,已经符合他们的需要。从一个内定的Windows应用程序的开始发展,SolidWorks是作为Windows的3D立体机械的设计软件之一。它的产量及动力的独特组合,以及它的普遍使用,使供不应求。SolidWorks99,第七代版本的机械设计软件为WindowsNT，Windows98等等提供了一个完全的实体造型功能。熟悉的操作性，以及与其他的Windows软件共享的插锁，拖放，切取与贴补和无缝的数据引导功能，简洁不需要训练就可以操作而且价位适中，使公司能够安装在每个工程师的电脑上。它的应用程序之一是实体造型的设计。新近的工艺学应用程序已经把一个完整的尺寸加入了实体造型设计方法。2.实体造型设计实体造型以温差的改变来获得不连续零配件的确定形状或者通过模型的使用来获得接近的尺寸。在制造这一型态的过程中，液态的材料被注入模型的空穴里而且使之凝固[2].首先，实体模型需要一个设计模型和一个箱体。设计模型表现制成品,然而含有箱表现试题结构的全部容量。实体造型设计包括广泛的关于模型设计的结构的经验和函数的知识。新的模型展开图的典型的设计方法能编入四个主要的时期:产品设计，造模性评定,细节部份设计,插入空穴设计,而且重点是模型设计。同相0,产品概念被放到一起.(通常一个推销和工程的组合)相位0的主要焦点是分析市场机会和战略的适宜性。第一相位典型的方法是制造信息及其被增加到设计用来展现一个详细的几何学。概念设计被藉由使用适当的制造信息转变成可制造的。分离的方向和分模线被用来检查造模性的同相II。换一种方式，部份形状再一次被修改。同相III,使用部份几何学创立实体核心和造形部份的空穴。通常收缩和膨胀需要被考虑，以便实体铸型在加工温度中形成正确尺度和形状。同时需要增加盖兹，转轮，溢流和通气口。是几何学的数据和离散的信息之间的临界。相位IV，对于填充，冷却与机械相关的含注入机器的实体联接的模型结构,作为顶出和铸模组合。3.方法学根据上述描述的理由,SolidWorks99已经做为新的造型平台用来设计应用程序。图1显示一个Windows三维实体造型设计系统与IMOLD相较。调用应用程序能够新建或运行一个标准的可执行文件或使用DLL或扩建SolidWorks的DLL。SolidWorks插件管理允许使用者控制第三方软件随时在他们的SolidWorks运行期间被载入。一次能够加载多个文件包，而且将会在SolidWorks运行期间被维护。3.1.SolidWorksSolidWorks是近年来基于Windows出现的3D立体产品设计软件之一,在它的系列中提供了最强大的和最直观的机械设计建模。在SolidWorks中，零配件由一个"基本属性"建立,而且可以增加其他的属性,如毂，倒角，拉伸，内圆角或外壳。基本的属性可能是一个拉伸，旋转,清除纵断面。为了产生一个基本的属性,绘制一个二维几何学的纵断面草图并且透过空间移动纵断面产生一个新的属性。几何学能在零配件的构造面或平面表面上绘草图。以基本属性为基础的实体造型的程序正在被二维设计技术所取代。然而，以Unix为基础的实体造型软件是昂贵的。采用微软公司Windows平台的SolidWorks，成本远远低于依靠实体造型程序设计[3].3.2.以Parasolid为核心的三维设计SolidWorks以Parasolid作为一个3D核心。模型工具箱的Parasolid,被认为是产品的引导,产量证明的核心实体造型。设计一个正确的界限表示法的试题造型,Parasolid提供强大的实体造型功能,扩展了分格式模型和成为整体的表面或片模型能力，而且进入CAD/CAE/CAM系统之后为市场提供了大量的时间。它的扩充功能提供一个物件的常规到[4]:(i)建立并且操纵稳固的实体;(ii)计算质量和惯性矩,同时执行干扰检波;(iii)的程序源方案研拟接口。资讯科技本质上是一个稳固的造型,能被用输出不同的绘画方式的实体;(iv)在一些数据库或文件夹中储存实体并且稍后取回他们;同时(iv)支持自由面。3.3.API[5]SolidWorks应用程序设计界面(API)