高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解及试题集

20XX年高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解及试题集（02）名词▲一、考点聚焦1.可数名词单、复数变化形式（1）规则变化。①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy-boys,pen-pens。②以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass-glasses,box-boxes,watch-watches,brush-brushes。特例：stomach-stomachs③以"辅音字母+y"结尾的变"y"为"i"再加"-es"。如：baby-babies,lady-ladies,fly-flies。④以"o"结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,hero-heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。如：radio-radios,zoo-zoos,photo-photos,piano-pianos,kilo-kilos,tobacco-tobaccos。

⑤以"f"或"fe"结尾的名词复数形式变"f"或"fe"为"v"，之后再加-es。如：wife-wives,life-lives,knife-knives,wolf-wolves,self-selves,leaf-leaves等。特例：handkerchief-handkerchiefs,roof-roofs,chief-chiefs,gulf-gulfs,belief-beliefs,cliff-cliffs。⑥改变元音字母的。如：man-men,mouse-mice,foot-feet,woman-women,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,ox-oxen。特例：child-children。⑦复合名词的复数形式。（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：armchair-armchairs,bookcase-bookcases,bookstore-bookstores。（B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：mandoctor-mendoctors,womandriver-womendrivers。（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如：brother-in-law-brothers-in-law,passer-by-passers-by。

⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero-zeros、zeroes;penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。（2）不规则变化。①单、复数同形。如：means,aircraft,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,works（工厂）,cattle。②合成名词的复数。如：boy-friend-boy-friends,go-between-go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up-grown-ups。③有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物,wages工资，riches财富,surroundings环境，ashes灰尘,compasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，havewordswithsb.同某人吵架，inhighspirits以很高热情地，giveone'sregardstosb.向某人问侯，inrags衣衫破烂，Itisgoodmannerstodosth.有礼貌做某事。④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people,cattle,police;有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery,furniture,mankind,jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如：Thecrewislarge.船员人数很多（指整体）；Thecrewarealltired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。2、不可数名词的数（1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：抽象名词（不可数）

具体化（个体名词，可数名词）insurprise惊讶地

asurprise一件令人惊讶的事winsuccess获得成功

asuccess一个(件)成功的人(事)winhonor赢得荣誉

anhonor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)Failure(失败)isthemotherofsuccess

失败是成功之母。

afailure失败者byexperience靠经验

anexperience一次经历youth青春

ayouth一个青年人havepityonsb.怜悯某人

apity可惜的事情withpleasure乐意

apleasure乐事②抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：AknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade.Wouldyouliketohaveawalk(swim,bath,talk)withme?Itiswasteoftimereadingsuchanovel.Shemadeanapologytohermotherforherwrongdoings.(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如：①物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。如：somecoffee一些咖啡，acoffee一杯咖啡，threecoffees三杯咖啡，somedrink一些饮料,adrink一杯饮料，threedrinks三杯饮料，hishair他的头发，afewgreyhairs几根白发，glass玻璃，aglass一只玻璃杯。②物质名词有前置后置修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。havebreakfast

Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.haveawonderfulbreakfast

Theyhaveaheavysnoweveryyear.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.Wehadawonderfultimelastnight.(3)有复数形式的不可数名词①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：Useyourbrains,please.Theyhavesmoothedawaythedifficulties.Haveyoumadepreparationsfortomorrow'smeeting?Manythanksforyourkindness.Nopains,nogains.Aftermanyfailures,theyfinallysucceeded.②有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：Theboyburstintotearsatthebadnews.Therisingwatersdidalotofharmtothecrops.Thestonebridgebrokedowninheavyrains.3.名词所有格（1）"'s"所有格的特殊表示形式有：①用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：today'snewspaper,fiveminutes'walk(drive),fivepounds'weight,tendollars'worthofcoffee

②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如：theearth'splanet,theword'spopulation,China'sindustry,NewYork'sparks。（2）"of"所有格的特殊表示方式有：①表示"部分"时，一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词（a、two、several、some、no、many等），如：SomestudentsofMisterZhang'shavegonetocollege.张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。②表示"其中之一，其中一部分"的意思时，用：afriendofTom's汤姆的一个朋友（许多朋友中的一位）。③表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时，应该用：that/this/these/those+名词（单、复数）ofMary's/yours/his/hers。如：Thatinventionofhersbelongstotheworld.她的那项发明是属于全世界的（表赞赏）。4、名词作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。（1）分类意义。airpollution空气污染

boyfriend男朋友coffeecup咖啡杯

incometax所得税tennisball网球

songwriter歌曲作家bodylanguage身体语言

roadaccident交通事故NobelPrize诺贝尔奖

（2）时间、地点、称呼等。DoctorJack杰克医生

ProfessorLi李教授eveningschool夜校

wintersleep冬眠streetdance街舞

countrymusic乡村音乐villagepeople村民

schooleducation学校教育Chinaproblem中国问题（3）表目的、手段、来源，所属意义。receptiondesk接待台

sportsfield田径场stonetable石桌

colorTV彩电weatherreport天气预报★二、精典名题导解选择填空1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis___________itisascience.(NMET

2001)A.anartmuchas

B.muchanartasC.asanartmuchas

D.asmuchanartas解析：答案为D。当名词前有what、so、as、too、quite等词修饰时，其形容词被这些词修饰，组成下列结构，如：Whatanicebook!Thisistooheavyaboxformetocarry.HeisnotashonestaboyasMike.等，应采取too/how+形容词（副词）+a(an)+名词的形式。要记住一些类似的特殊结构，并加以分析。2.Thepoliceareofferinga__________toanyonewhocangiveinformationaboutthelostkey.（NMET

1999）A.price

B.prize

C.reward

D.money解析：答案为C。price价格，价钱；prize奖金。Ｄ项是钱，属不可数名词，题中所要填的是"酬金，报酬"。注意正确理解名词的含义及其搭配是活用语言的基础，在复习备考中要熟练掌握考纲中一些名词的词义、搭配、习惯等，才能更好辨析名词，从而选择最符合句意的选项。3.You'llfindthismapofgreat_____________inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon（NMET

1998）A.price

B.cost

C.value

D.usefulness解析：答案为C。本题考查特定语境中名词的词义及"beof+抽象名词"结构。Price(价格)，cost（价钱，费用，成本）不符合题意，value作"qualityofbeingusefulordesirable"解时，常与of搭配，在句中作表语或补语，意为"有用，有价值"。故选择value。注意名词词义辨异及惯用法表达，题中"of+抽象名词"相当于该名词的形容词形式。练习.名词1.The____oftheroomwerecoveredwith____.A.roofs,leafs

B.roofs,leaves

C.rooves,leafs

D.rooves,leaves2.Therearethree____inourfactory.A.womandoctors

B.womendoctors

C.womandoctor

D.womendoctor3.Whichdoyouprefer____or____?A.potatos,tomatos

B.potatos,tomatoesC.potatoes,tomatosD.potatoes,tomatoes4.Theyare____ofdifferentpresses(出版社).Nowtheyarehavingameetinginoneofthe____office.A.editor-in-chiefs,editors-in-chief's

B.editors-in-chief,editor-in-chief'sC.editors-in-chiefs,editor's-in-chief's

D.editors-in-chief,editors-in-chief's5.Theanthastwo____.

A.stomaches

B.stomacks

C.stomach

D.stomachs6.Hedoesn'tlike____forsupper.

A.chick

B.chickenC.chickensD.chicks7.Itwas____hotweatherthatmanyofuswentswimming.A.so

B.such

C.soas

D.sucha8.____wonderfulspacetheysawontheroom!A.How

B.Howa

C.What

D.Whata9.Weknow____travelsnotsofastaslight.A.sound

B.sounds

C.thesounds

D.asound10.Myfamilyraisealotof____,includingtwo____.A.cattle,cows

B.cows,cattle

C.cattles,cows

D.cow,cattles11.Anumberofsoldiers____athecampgate（军营门口）.A.havegathered

B.hasgathered

C.is

D.was12.TheBrownshavespentalarge____ofmoneyontheirnewcar.A.deal

B.amount

C.number

D.size13.____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople'slivingstandard.A.Many

B.Agreatmany

C.Agreatdealof

D.Anumberof14.MrLishook____warmlywithafriend.A.hand

B.ahand

C.hands

D.thehands15.Two____,please.A.coffee

B.coffees

C.cupofcoffee

D.cupscoffee16.Ican'tpayas____asheaskedfor.A.highpricea

B.highprice

C.ahighprice

D.highaprice17.____knowledgeofspacedevelopsrapidly.A.Man's

B.Men's

C.Mens'D.Person's18.Istayedat____.

A.XiaoWang'sB.Wang'shome

C.theWangs

D.homeofWang19.SisterCarrieworksina____factory.

A.shoes

B.shoses

C.shoe

D.shoe's20.Haveyoueverread____?A.todaynewspaper

B.newspapertoday

C.newspaperoftodayD.today'snewspaper21.Two____walkdidn'tmademetired.A.hour

B.hours

C.hour's

D.hours'22.Themotheroverthereis____mother.A.JuliaandMary

B.JuliaandMary's

C.Julia'sandMary'sD.Julia'sandMary23.LiMing'shandwritingisbetterthan____intheclass.A.anyone's

B.anyoneelse

C.anyone'selse's

D.anyoneelse's24.Thechildrenareplaying____onthe____.A.sand,sand

B.sands,sands

C.sand,sands

D.sands,sand25.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.

A.setB.oneC.copyD.pair26.Tomusuallytakesa____inbusonrainydays.

A.walkB.rideC.tripD.travel27.Wehaveno____aboutwhereshehasgone.A.information

B.news

C.message

D.flash28.Foodand____aredailynecessities（需要）forthepeople.A.cloth

B.clothe

C.clothes

D.clothing29.My____ofhearingisnotsogoodasitusedtobe.

A.strength

B.sense

C.powerD.skill30.The____causedbycarelessness____yesterday.Manyworkerswerekilled.A.incident,washappened

B.matter,happened

C.event,wastakenplace

D.accident,tookplace31.Theroomwassoquietthatshecouldhearthe____ofherheart.A.beating

B.ways

C.knocking

D.striking32.____hasbeentoldnottothrowwastethingsanywhere.A.Thepublic

B.People

C.Women

D.Man33.Hewasan____inthegovernment____.A.office,official

B.official,office

C.officer,office

D.official,officer34.Thereareseveral____inthisnovelwhoaredifferentin____.A.character,characterB.characters,charactersC.character,charactersD.characters,character35.Wevisitedhim____whenhewasinhospital.A.everyotherdays

B.eachotherday

C.everyotherday

D.everytwoday36.Myfriendwillreturnin____.A.onedayortwo

B.adayortwo

C.onedayortwo

D.aortwodays37.____isalwaysdifficultforme.

A.Translation

B.Translate

C.Thetranslation

D.Atranslation38.____ofthisnovelisexcellent,quitetomysurprise.A.Translation

B.Translate

C.Thetranslation

D.Atranslation39.Thepolice____lookingintothematternow.

A.beB.is

C.areD.aregoingto40.TheChineseare____braveandhardworkingpeople.

A.the

B.a

C./

D.one41.Nonews____goodnews.

A.is

B.are

C.have

D.has42.Mathsstill____verydifficultforme,thoughIhavedonemybest.A.looks

B.seems

C.is

D.are43."Where____mytrousers?"theboyasked.

A.is

B.was

C.were

D.are44.Howhappytheyare!Obviously,theyare____.A.innicespirits

B.innicespirit

C.inhighspirits

D.inhighspirit45.Isawmany____seatedinthecornerreadingsomething.A.Japanese

B.Japaneses

C.ofJapanese

D.ofJapaneses46.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor____abouthishearttrouble.A.anadvice

B.advice

C.advices

D.theadvices47.Weare____andtheyare____.

A.Englishmen,Germans

B.Englishmen,German

C.Englishmans,Germans

D.Englishmen,Germen48.____aremadeof____.A.Aglass,aglass

B.Glasses,glass

C.Theglass,theglassD.Glasses,glasses49.I'llhavetobuy____trousers.

A.a

B.two

C.apairof

D.acoupleof50.Therearetwo____inourclass.

A.Liu

B.Lius

C.Liu's

D.Lius'51.____isneededincoldcountries.A.Alotofclothes

B.Muchclothing

C.Manyacloth

D.Lotsofclothes52.Theyare____.

A.mathematicsstudent

B.mathematicstudentsC.studentsinmathematics

D.mathematicsstudents53.Thelaboratoryassistantrecordedthe____reactions（反应）.A.mouses'

B.mice

C.mices'

D.mice's54.Thisletterwassentby____.A.myfatherfriend

B.myfatherfriend'sC.afriendofmyfather'sD.afriendofmyfather55.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad____.A.alittlewhitehairB.somewhitehair

C.afewwhitehair

D.afewwhitehairs56.Ihavemade____withBilly.

A.friends

B.friend

C.afriend

D.thefriend57.ThepopulationofBeijingis____thanthatofXi'an.A.moreB.largerC.fewerD.small58.Therearethirty-two____inourschool.A.womanteacher

B.womenteacher

C.womenteachers

D.womanteachers59.Hehadtriedeverythingbutitmadelittle____.A.use

B.good

C.difference

D.result60.Youmustgettherewithinhalfanhour.Thereshouldbeno____insendingthebloodtothedyingman.A.wait

B.delay

C.time

D.hurry61.Enoughofit!Nobodyherethinkswhatyouaresayingshouldmakeany___.A.excuse

B.sense

C.use

D.value62.-Howdareyouplayonsuchthinice?-Playingoniceisnotmy___ofsparetime.A.idea

B.thought

C.mind

D.intention63.HelensaidshewouldliketogotoAtlantabyair,butIwonderifshehasenoughmoneytopayforthe____.A.travel

B.tourism

C.journey

D.course64.Onesplendidmountain____followedanotherduringourjourneyfromMieheelmoretoRurunz.A.view

B.glance

C.screen

D.scene65.Thenewlawwillcomeinto___onthedayitispassed.(1999上海)A.effect

B.use

C.service

D.existence66.Whenyouplay'football,what______doyouplay?A.situation

B.place

C.part

D.position67.It'simportantforustoemployawordoraphraseaccordingtothe______inlanguagestudies.A.situation

B.expression

C.condition

D.translation68.Iwrotehimalettertoshowmy______ofhisthoughtfulness.A.achievement

B.agreement

C.view

D.appreciation69.Oneoftheadvantagesoflivingonthetopfloorofahigh-riseisthatyoucangetagood______.A.sight

B.scene

C.view

D.look70.Nowadaysnaturalgas,windandotherformsof______arewidelyusedinthecountry.A.energy

B.force

C.power

D.materials71.______withforeigncountriescanbringusmuchinformationabouttheworld.A.Contrast

B.Competition

C.Contact

D.Combination72.Weallknowthat______speaklouderthanwords.A.movements

B.performancesC.operations

D.actions73.Wehaveworkedouttheplanandnowwemustputitinto___.(NMET199738)A.fact

B.reality

C.practice

D.deed74.We'vemissedthelastbus.I'mafraidwehaveno____buttotakeataxi.(Met1993,33)A.way

B.choice

C.possibility

D.selection75.Hedroppedthe___andbrokeit.(Met1993,38)A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee'scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup76.Here'smycard.Let'skeepin____.(NMET1994,33)A.touch

B.relation

C.connectionD.friendship77.Hegainedhis___byprinting___offamouswriters.(NMET1995,40)A.wealth;work

B.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works78.I'lllookintothematterassoonaspossible,justhavealittle___.(MET1996,10)A.wait

B.time

C.patience

D.rest79.Ifbyanychancesomeonecomestoseeme,askthemtoleavea____.(NMET1997,18)A.message

B.letter

C.sentence

D.notice80.Thesefootballplayershadnostrict___untiltheyjoinedourclub.(1997.上海20)A.practiceB.education

C.exercise

D.training81.Manycountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsof___.(1996.上海.15)A.energy

B.source

C.power

D.material82.You'llfindthismapofgreat__inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.(NMET199821)A.price

B.cost

C.value

D.usefulness83.Weallknowthat___speaklouderthanwords.(1999.上海24)A.movements

B.performancesC.operations

D.actions84.Myparentsalwaysletmehavemyown____ofliving.(1999.上海25)A.way

B.method

C.manner

D.fashionKey:1~5BBDDD

6~10BBCAA

11~15ABCCB

16~20DAACD

21~25DBDCD

26~30BADBD

31~35AABDC

36~40BACCB

41~45ABDCA

46~50BABCB

51~55BDDCD

56~60ABCCB

61~65BACAA

66~70DADCA

71~75CDCBD76~80ADCAD

81~84ACDA2006全国各省市高考试卷中的名词试题:1．(全国卷2)11.Itisno_______arguingwithBillbecausehewillnevercha