第四单元语法定语从句

英语：关系代词引导的定语从句考点（2011-10）在复合句中，修饰句中的某一名词或代词，充当这一名词或代词的定语的从句，就叫做定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词，从句放在所修饰词（即先行词）之后由关系副词或关系代词引导。定语从句中可引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who(宾格whom，所有格whose),as。下面我们根据它们的特点及其应用分别从一下六个方面进行讲解。一、that与which的区别当先行词指物时，一般情况下that,which都可以用，但是二者并不是全部通用，这就要求我们同学们要明确在什么情况下只能用that，在什么情况下只能用which。1．定语从句中的关系代词只能用that，不能用which，常见的有如下几种情况：①.被修饰的先行词为不定代词，如all,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等。如：Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?②.先行词被only,any,few,little,no,oneof,just等词修饰时。如：That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.③.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。如：ItwasthelargestmapthatIeversaw.④.先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词应用that。如：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywell-known.⑤.主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。如：Whoisthemanthatisspeakingoverthere?2．定语从句中的关系代词只能用which，不能用that，常见的有如下几种情况：①介词＋关系代词结构中，例如：Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowfacesouth.②先行词是that,those时，引导词用which。例如：What’sthatwhichwasbrightinthecar?③一个句子有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which。例如：LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnearlytoopentous.1—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?—Yes，there'sonepoint_____wemustinsiston.A．whyB．whereC．howD．/2Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm________wevisitedthreemonthsago?A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what二、who与whom的区别who在所引导的定语从句中作主语或者宾语，whom在所引导的定语从句中只能作宾语。1．定语从句中的关系代词只能who，不能用whom，常见的有如下几种情况：①当先行词是one,ones,anyone,all,those指人时，引导词用who。例如：Anyonewhodidn’tcomemustbepunished.②在therebe结构中，主语是人，引导词只能用who。例如：Thereisapersonwhowantstoseeyou.③句子中有两个定语从句时，避免重复，引导词用who。例如：Theteacherthatwaspractisedatyesterday’smeetingwhoisourEnglishteacherwillgotoBeijingtomorrow.④间隔性定语从句（先行词指人并有较长的后置定语），例如：Hewastheonlyoneintheofficewhowasinvitedtothehall.⑤当先行词为人称代词时，要用who，例如：Hewhodoesn’tmakemistakesmakesnothing.(二)定语从句中的关系代词只能whom，不能用who，常见的有一种情况：介词＋关系代词结构中，则只可以用whom,不能用who，例如：Heisthepersontowhomwecanturnhelp.3Womendrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthosedon’t.A.who;不填B.不填;whoC.who;whoD.不填;不填三、关系代词whose的用法：1．whose既可以指代“……人的”，也可以指代“……物的”，并且还要在定语从句中作定语，例如：Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.2．whose可与其表示所属关系的ofwhom/ofwhich相互转换。例如：OurEnglishteacherlivesinthehousethewindowsofwhichfacetothenorth.4Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehouse__________roofisunderrepair.A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that四、关系代词as的用法：1．当thesame与名词连用时，通常用as引导定语从句，例如：Ihadthesamedifficultythatyouhadlastyear.注意：区分thesame...as和thesame...that两个定语从句。前者表示"与……同样的",不是同一个;而后者表示"同一个,就是那个"。例如:ThisisthesamepenasIlostlastweek.这同我上周丢失的那枝钢笔一样。(但不是同一支)ThisisthesamepenthatIlostlastweek.这就是我上周丢失的那枝钢笔。2．用于固定搭配，当先行词与as,so,such,连用时，例如：Youcanwaitformeatthesameplaceaswedid.Asmanypeopleaswerepresentstoodfortheplan.五、关系代词作主语单复数的问题当引导定语从句的关系代词作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词要注意数的形式应与先行词保持一致，这时要注意the(only)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词，例如：Thosewhohavefinishedmaygohome.Iamtheonlyonewhohasbeenacceptedtheinvitationtotheparty.5Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen六、关系代词的省略当关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语时，通常关系代词可以省略，例如：Canyoutellmethenameofthefactoryyouvisitedlastweek?Isthisthereasonheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?6----Whyhealwaysaskyouforhelp?----Thereisnooneelse______,isthere?A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.fromwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn解析：例1答案为D。有一点（point）我们必须要坚持的。先行词point在定语从句中作宾语。关系代词that省略，故答案为D。例2答案为C。在这个定语从句中，先行词是chickenfarm，that作宾语。故答案为C。3解析：答案为C。第一空先行词women在从句中作主语，要选用who；第二空先行词those也是在后面的定语从句中作主语，选用who，故答案为C。4解析：答案为A。小心！不要靠近那座房子，它的屋顶正在修理之中。关系代词whose在定语从句中作roof的定语，先行词是house。5解析：答案为D。theonlyoneofthestudents中的先行词是theonlyone，定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。6解析：答案为B。turntosb.意思为“求助于某人“。介词后要接关系代词whom做宾格而省略。故答案为B。定语从句练习题（附参考答案及解析）1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who23.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen

参考答案及解析1.A.which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2．C."和谁讲话”要说speaktosb.本题全句应为DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3.D.where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4.C.when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5．A.which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6．C.解析同第5题。7.A.解析见第3题。8.A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则theone应该视为先行词。9.A.“谈到某事物”应说talkaboutsth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10.A.withwhich是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定语从句中作状语,即heiswritingwithapen.11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在从句中作状语.12.D.withwhom引导定语从句.withwhom放在从句中即为:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.13.D.whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.14.A.that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15.D.thesame……..as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.16.D.such………as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.17.B.as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定语从句.withwhom放在从句中为:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.19.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用sucha……..,本题中suchbooks,such直接修饰复数名词.20.B.things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.21.D.who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.23.D.先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为,whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句whocoulddoit.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.24.A.whosetitle引导非限制性定语从句,whosetitle也可以说成thetitleofwhich25.A.forwhich引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语befamousfor"以……..而闻名".26.C.当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as.As在本从句中作主语.27.A.两个先行词theday都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.28.D.在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in(或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。29.D.