2014年全国硕士研究生考研英语一真题及解析

SectionIUseofLanguageReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(S)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10Points)Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance'ssocial,andpersonal5.Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere'sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort.first"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14.TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto19onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping--muchlikea(n)20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.1.[A]where[B]when[C]that2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar答案：1-5ABDCA6-1011-1516-20[标准答案]句话中where引导一个状语语从句，主要是说记不清把钥匙放在哪里了。[标准答案]Asthebrain2werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments2由此可以排除[A]和[C]。[D]collapsefades[标准答案][D][A]if[B]UnlessD。[标准答案][A][B][C][D]思，可以排除[A]和[D]。而“有限的影响”显然不足以表达危害的严重性，故可以排除[B]选项。[C]“带来有害的影响”最符合作者意图。[标准答案][选项分析]本句话含义是这种精神能量的缺失会给我们的职业、社交还有[C]relationship“关系”。[D]outlook“展望”。andrelationshipsocial[A]，个人幸福。[标准答案][A]“本文发现”。[C]itpointsoutthat“指出”。[D]itfiguresoutthat“本文发现”。Ititturnsoutthat[标准答案][选项分析]这四个选项均为名词。[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations[标准答案][选项分析]这四个选项均为名词。[A]genre[B]functions义，选择[B]functions[标准答案][标准答案][选项分析]这四个选项均为动词。[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]featureexcel擅长的意思，表示在某个方面出众，放在此处符合题意，因此正确答案为[B][标准答案][D]后一句则认为是可以通过脑力活动(mentaleffort)会有所波动，两句意义明显相反，故正确答案为[D]However。[标准答案]之外”也不合适。[D]insteadof“代替”明显不符。故[A]为正确答案。[标准答案]：takeastepAA[标准答案][选项分析]本题考察的是动宾搭配：improveandregainmentalA(模式)但双比之下，DD。[标准答案][选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说这个网络课程可以 的记忆力和注意力。而且此处需要填入的动词需要与to进行搭配。根据搭配关的，此处的D选项force排除，所以最恰当的是D。[标准答案]Ahold,Corder;B,DDpacewith，即，keeppacewith，所以排除，Bkeeptrackof意思为跟踪。[标准答案][C]D[标准答案][选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说更加重要的是它会 发现C比较符合题意。[标准答案][选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说它会经常调整并升级有关训练游戏，以 。本题所缺少的动词需要与介词on搭配，Aputon穿上，增加;Bcarryon执行;Cbuildon在……基础上增加，构建;Dtakeon呈现;代入空格发现只有C适合，A,B,D都不与空格后面的development相搭配。[标准答案]exerciseroutine，根据前后情感一致的逻辑，通过后面的不定式中的关AB，DC(有效的)符合逻辑，故为正确答案。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartATextInorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOrbome,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?lookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”heclaimed.“We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,zealfor“fundamentalfairness”-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.Losingajobishurting:youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallinto—permanentdependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker’sallowance”—inventedin1996—isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;nointheEU.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedprovidetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.inordertoBThephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-training答案：C词义句意题。先根据题干定位到第二段第三行，tosignonnot，则我们可以推知，这一定是前面的反义，我们只要读懂前spendlookingforwork，ACWhatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.AAccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesoneonefeelAunemployedATowhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.答案:B细节题。本题题根据选项定位。ATheBritishwelfaresystem“nolonger”，选项与原文反向干扰。BOsborne’sreformsC“thejobseekers’allowance”定位到最后一段倒数第二句，D“conditional”定位到最后一段最后一句，其中只提到“conditionalonactivelyseekingajob…”，并没有要说以后应该怎样，TexttherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanDuringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintoschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersthanserveclientsethically.Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.段看到“Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.”D“big-firm”ButAmericanstates?[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.[C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor.[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessional其次，根据题干关键词“thecostsoflegaleducation”精确定位到第三段第二句话“Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.”问题是“whichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducation”，因此定位句的下一句就是答案，即“ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsaccreditedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.”CA“Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.”进行干扰。BDHindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom[A]lawyers’andclients’strongresistance.[B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.[C]thestemexamforwould-belawyers.[D]non-professionals’sharp其次，根据题干关键词“thereformofthelegalsystem”定位到第二句“Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.”BTheguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”partlybecauseitbansoutsiders’involvementintheprofession.[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits.段。其次，题干中出现“theguild-likeownershipstructure”，精确定位到第二句“ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.”此外，“…keepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.”A。Inthistext,theauthormainlyflawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses.[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica.[C]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit.[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegal5“allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoefficiency.C。其他几个选项均为文中的个别细节，以TextTheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedaninterestinginMarch.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforhavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthetelephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.wanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall—butitistheprize-givers’moneytodowithastheyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.2013年相比，2014，Text32013332020133135TheFundamentalPhysicalPrizeisseenas[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs’swealth.[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrize.[C]anexampleofbankers’investment.[D]ahandsomerewardfor答案：AFundamentalPhysicsPrizeentrepreneurs、NobelPrize、investment、rewardAAThephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans[A]theprofit-orientedscientists.[B]thefoundersofthenewaward.[C]theachievement-basedsystem.[D]peer-review-ledresearch.whoinresearchBThefounders。Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?[A]controversiesovertherecipients’status.thejointeffortofmodernlegitimateconcernsoverthenewprize.[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings.Dwellasdemonstratedby……即为本道题正确答案。AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesoneonefeel[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor.[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.A后一段可以验证确实是收到了质疑，BA。Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism.[B]harmfultothecultureofresearch.[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges.[D]unworthyofpublicattention.AawardA。Textofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofmoreharmthangood.In2010,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciencesaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation."Inresponse,theAmericanAcademyformedtheCommissionontheHumanitiesandSocialSciences,withDukeUniversityPresidentRichardBrodheadandretiredExelonCEOJohnRoweasco-chairmen.Amongthecommission's51membersaretop-tier-universitypresidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.Thegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerallyadmirable.Becausesupportsfullliteracy;stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,useofnewdigitaltechnologies.Toencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents'abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengesoftheday.Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms.Oneofthemorenovelideasinthereportisthecreationofa"CultureCorps"incitiesandtownacrossAmericato"transmithumanisticandsocialscientificexpertisefromonegenerationtothenext."Unfortunately,despite2?yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthematter:theilliberalnatureofliberaleducationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.ThecommissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshaveproducedgraduateswhodon'tknowthecontentandcharacterofliberaleducationandarethusdeprivedofitsbenefits.Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenreplacedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesfordisseminating"progressive,"orleft-liberalpropaganda.historyandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudyportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasfreemarkets,self-relianceandadistrustofcentralplanning—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualTheAAASdisplaysgreatenthusiasmforliberaleducation.Yetitschallengethatcongressaskedittoilluminate.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheAAAS’sreport?AAASAAAS”praise”所以容易误导大家B“appreciative(however，我们知所以这道题应该于主旨相关，后文中的“maycausemoreharmthangood.”让A，批判性的。InfluentialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhowtoretainpeople’sinterestinliberaldefinethegovernment’sroleinkeepaleadingpositioninliberalsafeguardindividualsrightsto37，C，细节题。根据自然段定位原则，36，38figuresintheCongress”与“leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicans”askingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandindividualbenefactorsandothers"to"askingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.“Inhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.“也就是说maintainnationalexcellenceCleadingposition进行同义替换。ABDAccordingtoParagraph3,thereportanexclusivestudyofAmericanagreateremphasisontheoreticaltheapplicationofemergingfundingforthestudyofforeignAAmericanhistoryB;theoreticalsubjects;C]emergingtechnologies;Dfundingforeignlanguages。返回原文定位的时候，A项中的“exclusive排外”并没有在“stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericangovernment;”这forteachers”以及“greaterstudyofforeignlanguages,”不符。属于张冠李戴。“encouragestheuseofnewdigitaltechnologies.”CTheauthorimpliesinParagraphSthatprofessorssupportiveoffreecautiousaboutintellectualconservativeaboutpublicbiasedagainstclassicalliberalprofessor.“professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberal—suchasfreemarkets,self-relianceasfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation.”AfreemarketsconservativeorliberalideasAsupportive。Cconservativeprogressivepublicpolicy不符合。DbiasedB。WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheWaystoGrasp“TheHeartoftheIlliberalEducationand“TheHeartoftheTheAAAS’sContributiontoLiberalProgressivePolicyvs.LiberalBreportreport就是“theheartofthematterCD.A发现A，BPartBThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizeintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsAandEhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Somearchaeologicalsiteshavealwaysbeeneasily—forexample,theParthenoninAthens,Greece;thepyramidsofGizainEgypt;andthemegalithsofStonehengeinsouthernEngland.Butthesesitesareexceptionstothenorm.Mostarchaeologicalsiteshavebeenlocatedbymeansofcarefulsearching,whilemanyothershavebeendiscoveredbyaccident.OlduvaiGorge,fellintoitsdeepvalleyin1911.ThousandsofAztecartifactscametolightduringthediggingoftheMexicoCitysubwayinthe1970hevalleyofMexiconearwhatisnowMexicoCity.atitspeakaroundAD600,thiscitywasoneofthelargesthumansettlementsintheword.Theresearchersmappednotonlythecity’svastandornateareas,butalsohundredsofsimplerapartmentcomplexeswherecommonpeoplelived.Howdoarchaeologistsknowwheretofindwhattheyarelookingtheysurveyandsample(maketestexcavationson)largeareasofterraintodeterminewhereexcavationwillyieldusefulinformation.Surveysandtestsampleshavealsobecomeimportantforunderstandingthelargerlandscapesthatcontainarchaeologicalsites.Surveyscancoverasinglelargesettlementorentirelandscapes.inonecase,manyresearchersworkingaroundtheancientMayacityofCopán,Honduras,havelocatedhundredsofsmallruralvillageandindividualdwellingsbyusingaerialphotographsandbymakingsurveysonfoot.TheresultingsettlementmapsshowhowthedistributionanddensityoftheruralpopulationaroundthecitychangeddramaticallybetweenAD500and850,whenCopáncollapsed.Tofindtheirsites,archaeologiststodayrelyheavilyonsystematicsurveymethodsandavarietyofhigh-technologytoolsandtechniques.Airbonetechnologies,suchasdifferenttypesofradarandphotographicequipmentcarriedbyairplanesorspacecraft,allowarchaeologiststolearnaboutwhatliesbeneaththegroundwithoutdigging.Aerialsurveyslocategeneralareasofinterestorlargerburiedfeatures,suchasancientbuildingsorfields.Mostarchaeologicalsites,however,arediscoveredbyarchaeologistswhohavesetouttolookforthem.Suchsearchescantakeyears.BritisharchaeologistHowardCarterknewthatthetomboftheEgyptianpharaohTutankhamumexistedfrominformationfoundinothersites.CartersiftedthroughrubbleintheValleyoftheKingforsevenyearsbeforehelocatedthetombin1922.Inthelate1800sBritisharchaeologistSirArthurEyancombedantiquedealers’storesinAthens,Greece.HewassearchingforthingengravedsealsattributedtotheancientMycenaeanculturethatdominatedGreecefromthe1400sto1200sBC.Evas’sinterpretationsofthoseengravingseventuallyledthemtofindtheMinoanpalaceatKnossosontheislandofCrete,in1900.Groundsurveysallowarchaeologiststopinpointtheplaceswheredigswillbesuccessful.Mostgroundsurveysinvolvealotofwalking,lookingforsurfacecluessuchassmallfragmentsofpottery.Theyoftenincludeacertainamountsofdiggingtotestforburiedmaterialsatselectedpointsacrossalandscape.Archaeologistsalsomaylocateburiedremainsbyusingsuchtechnologiesasgroundradar,magnetic-fieldrecording,andmetaldetector.Archaeologistscommonlyusecomputerstoarehelpfultoolsinplanningexcavations,illustratinghowsiteslook,andpresentingtheresultsofarchaeologicalresearch.41---A---42.---E---43---44---Archeology.所以只需从余下选项进行选择。Banother，所以不会是第一段。ECDCsurveytestsampleDsurvey,DCCAFBDBinanothercase,inonecase,Dinonecase.所以，DPartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenontheANSWERSHEET(10points)Musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeopleandsometimesevendifferentthingstothesamepersonatdifferentmomentsofhislife.Itmightbepoetic,philosophical,sensual,ormathematical,butinanycaseitmust,inmyview,havesomethingtodowiththesoulofthehumanbeing.Henceitismetaphysical;butthemeansofexpressionispurelyandexclusivelyphysical:sound.Ibelieveitispreciselythispermanentcoexistenceofmetaphysicalmessagethroughphysicalmeansthatisstrengthofmusic.46)Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.Beethoven’simportanceinmusichasbeenprincipallydefinedbytherevolutionarynatureofhiscompositions.Hefreedmusicfromhithertoprevailingconventionsofharmonyandstructure.SometimesIfeelinhislateworksawilltobreakallsignsofcontinuity.Themusicisabruptandseeminglydisconnected,asinthelastpianosonata.Inmusicalexpression,hedidnotfeelrestrainedbytheweightofconvention.47)Byallaccountshewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.ThiscourageousattitudeinfactbecomesarequirementfortheperformersofBeethoven’smusic.Hiscompositionsdemandtheperformertoshowcourage,forexampleintheuseofdynamics.48)Beethoven’shabitofincreasingthevolumewithanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.Beethovenwasadeeplypoliticalmaninthebroadestsenseoftheword.Hewasnotinterestedindailypolitics,butconcernedwithquestionsofmoralbehaviorandthelargerquestionsofrightandwrongaffectingtheentiresociety.49)Especiallysignificantwashisviewoffreedom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerightsandresponsibilitiesoftheindividual:headvocatedfreedomofthoughtandofpersonalanimperativeofhumanexistence.Forhim,orderdoesnotresultfromdoesnothavethelastword.50)Onecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofitrenderslifeworthliving.Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.itisthereason，whythereasonallwecandoisarticulateourreactionsandnotgraspmusicitself，do，不to：articulateourreactionsandnotgraspmusicitself。ourreactionstoit，itmusicwhenreactiontoit，it们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”。and，graspByallaccountshewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.hewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone，byallaccountsIfindcourageanessentialquality，其中宾courage，anessentialqualityqualityfortheunderstandingofhisworkletalonetheperformance。byallaccounts，fortheunderstandingofhiswork，theunderstandingofhisworkquality，可以翻译为“理解他作品的关键品fortheunderstandingofhisworkletalonetheunderstandingtheperformance，ofhisBeethoven’shabitofincreasingthevolumewithanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.withanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddenthevolumewithanextremeintensitythenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagehabitHabitofincreasingthevolume…，其中“habit”可以词性转换为动词“习increasingthevolume，volumethenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassage，withasuddensoftpassagefollowingitpassage49)Especiallysignificantwashisviewoffreedom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerightsandresponsibilitiesoftheindividual:headvocatedfreedomofthoughtandofpersonalexpression.hisviewoffreedomwasEspeciallysignificant。whichoftheindividualtherightsand50.OnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthOnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethoven，bysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthlivinginterpretthatlifeworthliving，sayingitsuffering。PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenontheANSWERSHEET(10points)Musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeopleandsometimesevendifferentthingstothesamepersonatdifferentmomentsofhislife.Itmightbepoetic,philosophical,sensual,ormathematical,butinanyitmust,inmyview,havesomethingtodowiththesoulofthehumanbeing.Henceitismetaphysical;butthemeansofexpressionispurelyandexclusivelyphysical:sound.Ibelieveitispreciselythispermanentcoexistenceofmetaphysicalmessagethrough