新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过专题09-定语从句（原卷版）

考点09定语从句（原卷版）【命题趋势】考生在定语从句的学习过程中存在着以下几个问题：(1)考生不能区分定语从句；(2)关系代词与关系副词的选择混乱，不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况；(3)习惯性以翻译的方式来理解定语从句、同位语从句，而使自己陷入困境之中；(4)由于对句型结构分析不到位，经常出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。【重要考向】一、关系代词引导的定语从句；二、关系副词引导的定语从句；三、“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句；四、as引导的定语从句；考向一关系代词引导的定语从句【典例】【2021浙江卷语法填空】BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool______givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.【关系代词引导的定语从句提分秘籍】引导定语从句的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。1．who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwhoImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。2．whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋ofwhich”或“ofwhich＋the＋名词”来代替。①Doyouknowtheboywhosehandwritingisverybeautiful?你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？②Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.＝Thisisthehouse,thewindowofwhichbrokelastnight.＝Thisisthehouse,ofwhichthewindowbrokelastnight.这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。3.which,that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。①Thereusedtobemuchshadeofanoldtreeinthemiddleoftheyard,whichgaveusmuchcoolinsummer.过去，院子中央的一棵古树遮成的大片树荫使我们在夏季非常凉爽。②Wehopethemeasurestocontrolhouseprices,whicharetakenbythegovernment，willsucceed.我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。4.指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，而不用which。(1)先行词是all,everything,something,anything,nothing,none,few,little,much等不定代词，或先行词被all,every,some,any,no,few,little等修饰时。Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.你给我的书我都已经读过了。注意：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以。Thereissomethingthat/whichkeepsworryingme.有一件事一直令我不安。(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词thefirst，thesecond,...，thelast修饰时。Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。(3)先行词被theonly，thevery，theright等修饰时。Theonlythingthatmattersistofindourwayhome.唯一一件要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。(4)先行词既有人又有物时。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings(that)theyrememberedintheschool.他们谈论起他们记得的学校里的人和事。5．在以下情况中，只能用which，不能用that。(1)在非限制性定语从句中，如从句中缺少主语或宾语指物，只能用which。Ourfootballteamwonthefinal,whichmadeusexcited.我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只能用which。ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.过去我居住的房子变成了鞋店。考向二关系副词引导的定语从句【典例】【2020全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot______itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.【关系副词引导的定语从句提分秘籍】当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when,where,why是常见的三个关系副词。when＝表时间的介词(in,on,at,during等)＋which。where＝表地点的介词(如in,at,on,under等)＋which；why＝表原因的介词(如for)＋which。1．关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。①Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironmentwheretheylive.现代人更加关心他们居住的环境。②ThereasonwhyIdon'ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when,where,why是常见的三个关系副词。when＝表时间的介词(in,on,at,during等)＋which。where＝表地点的介词(如in,at,on,under等)＋which；why＝表原因的介词(如for)＋which。x^kw2．way和time后接定语从句的情况。(1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that,inwhich或省略。如：Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)helooksatme.我不喜欢他看我的方式。(2)先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。如：①Thisisthefirsttime(that)Ihavetalkedwithaforeignerfacetoface.这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。②TherewasatimewhenIhatedgoingtoschool.曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。考向三“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句【典例】【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】Long,longago,theKingoftheSkieshadalovelydaughter,to______hemademanycarefulplansforherfuture.【“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句提分秘籍】掌握“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，要注意以下几点：1关系代词的确定在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：①ThisisthetrainonwhichIwenttoShanghai.这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。②ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtthedictionary.这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。2介词的位置介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，但也可以放在原来的位置上。如：①Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.＝Thehouse(which/that)weliveinisverylarge.我们住的房子很大。②ThisisthemanfromwhomIlearnedthenews.＝Thisistheman(that/whom)Ilearnedthenewsfrom.就是这个男人，我从他那里得到的这个消息。注意：如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。如：Myyoungestbrother，whomIhavetolookafter，isdemanding.我得照看我的小弟弟，真是让人费神。3关系代词前介词的确定(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。如：ThefellowtowhomIspokemadenoansweratfirst.我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speakto)TheWestLake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州以此而闻名。(befamousfor)(2)根据先行词来确定。如：I'llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(duringthetime)(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。如：Air,withoutwhichmancan'tlive,isreallyimportant.空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(livewithout)4“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none/thelargest＋of＋which/whom”等。如：①Herearethequestions,someofwhichIthinkaredifficultforyou.问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。②Hehasthreesons,noneofwhomaredoctors.他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。5“复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，其从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。6“介词＋which/whom＋不定式”结构Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.＝Thepoormanhasnohousetolivein.＝Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.那个穷人没房子住。考向四as引导的定语从句考察较少，学生可以做扩展知识学习。【典例】Childrenunderfifteenarenotpermittedtoseesuchkindoffilm________isbadfortheirmentaldevelopment.【as引导的定语从句提分秘籍】1．as作为关系代词，在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用，通常先行词由thesame,as,such,so等修饰时，关系代词用as。①TheycouldonlyreadsuchstoriesashadbeenrewritteninsimpleEnglish.他们只能读类似这样的一些简易英语改写的故事。(as作主语)②Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)③ThisisthesameknifeasIlost.这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。注意：such...as...与such...that...的区别such...as...中的as引导的是定语从句，而such...that...中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。①Thisissuchadifficultproblemasallofuscan'tworkout.这是一个我们所有人都不能解决的难题。从句中的workout缺少宾语，前面的as是关系代词，用作workout的宾语。②Thisissuchadifficultproblemthatallofuscan'tworkitout.这个问题很难，我们中无人能解决它。从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。2．关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别(1)位置不同as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。如：①Asisoftenthecase,littleboystendtobeveryactiveandoutofcontrol.小男孩总是很活泼好动，很难控制，这是常见的情况。②Einstein,asiswellknown,isafamousscientist.众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。③TherewasabankaroundhereasIremember.我记得过去这儿附近有一家银行。④Hefailedintheexam,whichwasunexpected.他考试没及格，这是意料之外的。(2)意义不同as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样；asiswellknown＝asisknowntoall众所周知；aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样；as(it)oftenhappens正如经常发生的那样；asisoftenthecase正如经常发生的那样；ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述；asismentionedabove正如上面提到的；asIremember(it)正如我所记得的那样。which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。如：①Heopposedtheidea,ascouldbeexpected.不出所料，他反对这个意见。②Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmakeshisparentsveryhappy.汤姆进步很大，这使他父母很高兴。(3)用法不同①当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which。如：Hecamehereverylate,whichwasunexpected(notexpected)．他来得很晚，这是未预料到的。②当as在句中作主语时，后常接动词的被动语态。如：beknown,besaid,bereported等。如果从句中动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。如：Shehasbeenabsentagain,asisexpected.她又缺席了，正如预料的那样。1.【2020全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】InancientChinalivedanartist______paintingswerealmostlifelike.2.【2020新高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum______openedin1759.3.【2019全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,______sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.4.【2019全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters______hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.5.【2019浙江卷6月语法填空】Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth______givesofflightinthedark.6.【2018全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014______showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.7.【2018全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005–whenthegovernmentstartedasoil–testingprogram______givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers–and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.8.【2018全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】I’mnotsure______ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.9.【2018浙江卷6月语法填空】Manywesterners______cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.10.【2017全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,______isnotgoodforthehealth.11.【2017全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】______toprove12.【2017浙江卷11月语法填空】Likemanythingsinlife,it’sanongoingprocess,andthebestpartoftheprocessisthatthere’senoughroomforimprovement,_______meansyou’lljustkeepgettingbetterandbetter.13.【2017浙江卷语法填空】Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,______itremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.1.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三仿真】GranddaughterGayleParks,31—______worksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.2.【重庆市一中2021届高三适应性考试】HeisadoctorinGuangdong,______savedmanypeople'slivesin2003.3.【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】TheCrescentSpring,______beautyattractstouristsfromhomeandabroad,hasbecomearomanticparadiseforvisitors.4.【辽宁百校联盟2021届高三质监】PassengersnowcantravelfromBeijing'scentertoXionganNewAreawithin50minutes,thankstotheBeijing-XiongIntercityRailway,______wasofficiallyputintouseonSunday,asignificantstepinboostingtheBeijing-Tianjin-Hebeicitycluster.5.【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】NowasaChineseinternational,Wuisworkinghardtoshowthat“thereareplayersinChina______canshineinthebestleaguesintheworld”,hetoldGlobalTimes.6.【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】Thesample,______includes1,700gramsoflunarrocksandsoil,islargerthanpreviousones.7.【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】Whileit’swonderfulforpeople______Wanttoseewhatthesemuseumsofferandteachthem,it’snotalwaysthebestforthemuseumsfacingincreasinghardshipsintermsofFunding.8.【湖北省2021届高三联考】ItmarkedthesuccessfulconclusionofChina’scurrentthree-steplunarexplorationprogramoforbitingandlanding,andbringingbacksamples,______beganin2004.9.【河北省张家口市2021届高三一模】Thetablesquicklyturnedforan89-year-oldpizzadeliverydriver______receivedasurprisedeliveryofhisownfrom"regulars".10.【河北省衡水中学2021届高三联考】Similarly,fishandbirds,______areactiveduringtheday,gototheirnightrestingplaceswhilebatscomeout.11.【河北省保定市2021届高三模拟】Therisingnumberofwildbirdsinthereservehasbroughtabenefitforbirdwatchers,______areabletospotorientalstorks(东方白鹤)andotherwildbirdsevenoutsidethereserve.12.【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】Youngadults______havebeenexposedtoloudnoiseoveraperiodoftimemayhavesomehearinglosssymptoms.13.【广东实验中学2021届高三模拟】Astheweathergetswarmerandtheairbecomesdrier,peopletendtofeeltheirmouthsandtonguesaredry,______cancausecoldsorcoughs.14.【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】AsGan’sfamegrew,theybegantosellfruitfromtheirfamilyorchard,______soonfellshortofdemand.15.【广东省六校2021届高三联考】PractisingyogaorTaiChicanhelptokeepourbodiessupple,______inturncanlowerjointpainandhelptoprotectusfrominjury.16.【广州2021届高三一模】Originallytheleaveswerebakedintoabrick,apartof______couldbebrokenoffandmadeintoapowder.17.【广东省佛山市2021届高三质检】The2020SummerOlympics,______wereplannedforthissummerinTokyo,havebeenformallyputoffuntil2021becauseofCOVID-19.18.【福建省厦门市2021届高三质检】Learnhowtomakeuseofeyecontactandotherbodylanguageflexiblysothatyouareperceivedtobepolite,andsothatyoucanbetterconnectwithpeople______areforeigntoyou!19.【福建省龙岩市2021届高三质检】InAug2019,Liangwonthegoldmedalatthe45thWorldSkillsCompetitioninElectronicsinKazan,Russia,______isthebiggestvocationaleducationandskillsexcellenceeventintheworld,organizedeverysecondyearbytheWorldSkillsInternationalwithanaimtoshowtheskillsandpromotecareerofyouth.20.【福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟】AccordingtoastudypublishedintheUKrecently,those______likejogginganddothiskindofexerciseregularlyforatleastonehouraweekhaveveryhighchancestolivealongerlife.21.【福建省福州市2021届高三一模】ThepoemimpliesthatLuXunwouldservethepeopleheartandsoulandwouldnevergiveintoenemies,______fullyexpressesthepoet’sloyaltytothepeople.22.【重庆市育才中学2021届高三模拟】Still,whenyoustartyourjourneyofpositivethinking,youshallmeetwonderfulnewpeople,with______youcansharepositiveattitude.23.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三模拟】Notonlythat,itwasleftintheexactspot______hefedthecrows.24.【重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三模拟】Theroaditselfhasalreadybeencompleted,andnowit’sonlyamatterofconnectingthegrid（输电网）,______isexpectedtobefinishedbytheendoftheyearalongsidethecompletionoftheJinanExpressway’ssouthsection.25.【山东省青岛市2021届高三质检】TaiChiChuan,______isfamousasakindofmartialart,hasbeenpracticedChinaf