高考总复习英语（北师大版）习题Unit1　Lifestyles（必修一）课时作业

课时作业(一)A卷·基础强化练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2016·浙江卷)Thegraphhasatitle，amainidea，andsupporting(support)details.2．(2016·天津卷)Social(society)robotsarenotjustmakingtheirwayintothehome.3．Massageisusedtorelaxmuscles，relievestress(stressful)andimprovethecirculation.4．Nowadayswiththedevelopmentofsociety，manyvolunteersliketodovoluntaryworkinsomedistantareas.(volunteer)5．Overtheyears，hehasspenthissparetimeonthedistance(distant)learningontheInternet.6．Thereportcalledforurgent(urgently)actiontostoppollutingtheenvironment.7．It’snoteasyformanystudentstofindajobaftergraduating/graduation(graduate)fromcollegesinpresentsituation.8．Anundergroundorganisation(organise)hasclaimedresponsibilityforthebombexplosion.9．Thetwofirmswerejoinedupto_reduce(reduce)petition.10．Whentheclockstrucktwelve，Iswitched(switch)offTVandwenttobed.11．Theboywassuffering(suffer)fromanearinfection，whichmadehismotherworried.12．AsfarasIknow，mostofgirlshaveapreferenceforred.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Heplainedthepoliceoftheboysstealinghisapplesplained后加to2．Thepanysufferedfromagreatlossinthefinancialcrisis.去掉from3．Therewassomanyfoodthatwecouldn’teatitall.many→much4．WetookturntotelljokesatJim’sbirthdayparty.turn→turns5．Iprefertoworkratherthansittingtheredoingnothing.sitting→sit6．Ifyoustillkeepsilent，Iwilltakeforgrantedthatyouimplyagreement.take后加it7．I’mquiteinterestedinthejobadvertisingintoday’snewspaper.advertising→advertised8．Wherecanyouhide，supposedyouareabletoescapefromthepolice？supposed→supposing/suppose9．LeJiahasthesamehairstylethatMengFeihas.that→as10．Agoodplancameupwithatthemeetingyesterday.去掉with11．Yourpositiveattitudetowardlifewillmakethedifferencetoyourfuture.the→a12．Ilookforwardtohearfromyouassoonaspossible.hear→hearingⅢ.完成句子1．他是我们学校第一个获得世界冠军的人。(不定式做定语)Heisthefirstpersonto_wintheWorldChampionshipinourschool.2．东南部雨量充足，而西北部则很少下雨。(while表示转折对比)There’splentyofraininthesoutheast，while_there’s_little_in_the_northwest.3．这就是我前几天丢的那辆同样的电动车。(thesame...that...)Thisisthe_sameelectricbikethatIlosttheotherday.4．这首歌曲是如此优美，以至于我们大家都喜欢它。(so...that...)Thesongsoundsso_beautiful_thatwealllikeit.5．我发觉我爸爸对观看《爸爸去哪儿》感兴趣了。(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)Ifind_my_father_interested_inwatchingDad，wherearewegoing.Ⅳ.阅读理解A话题难度系数词数建议用时帮助他人☆☆2966′“Myneighbordoesn’tspeakEnglish，butherkindnessneedsnotranslation.”AngieMorrissaid.AngieMorris，an81－year－oldCanadianwomanwhogrewupinwartimeBritainandnowlivesinVancouver，Canada，wasdescribinghowhernext－doorneighbor，MsWing，a68－year－oldChinesewoman，voluntarilycooksmealsforhereveryday.Morris’moving，first－personnarrativewhichwaspublishedlastweekbytheCanadiannewspaperTheGlobeandMailwithmorethan24,000onlinereaders.“Iknowwhatisinsidethepapercarrierbag，”shewrote.“Athermoswithhotsoupandastainless－steelcontainerwithamealofrice，vegetablesandeitherchicken，meatorshrimp，sometimeswithakindofpancake.Thishasbeeanalmostdailytradition.”WingstartedheractofkindnesswhenshelearnedthatMorrishadtoundergoheartsurgery.Shetookituponherselftobeginfeedingherneighbor，eventhoughthetwowomenhavenowayofmunicatingverbally.WingspeaksonlyMandarin，andMorris’Mandarinislimitedtonihao(hello)．“Neitherofusabletospeaktheother’slanguage，butmunicatingwithsomehelpfromtechnology.Thedoorbellkeepsringingandthereisthefamiliarbrownpapercarrierbag，handedsmilinglytomebyWing，”Morriswrote.Readersandnetizensaroundtheworldhavebeentouchedbythisrelationshipthatcrossesnationalboundariesandfocusesonhumankindness.“Youknowthatmostpeopleinthisworldjustwanttoliveagoodlife，”onereadermented.“IefromoldIreland，soIcantellyouathingortwoaboutconflict.Thepointis，mostpeopleareverygoodwithbigheartsandwanttheirchildrentogrowupsafeandinplaceslikethiscountrycanoffer.”JudyZhuinNewYorkcontributedtothisstory.[语篇解读]一位六十八岁的中国老太太，每天提着装有各种食品的袋子去照顾一位八十一岁的加拿大老太太的感人故事，经网络传播后，引起了轰动。由此，使我们认识到，助人为乐是不分国界的。1．WheredoesMsWingefrom?A．England B．CanadaC．China D．Ireland解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句话“...MsWing，a68－year－oldChinesewoman...”可知MsWing来自中国。2．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“verbally”inParagraph2?A．Orally B．SlowlyC．Fluently D．Freely解析：选A词意猜测题。根据第二段的最后一句话“WingspeaksonlyMandarin，andMorris’Mandarinislimitedtonihao(hello)．”以及第三段的第一句话“Neitherofusabletospeaktheother’slanguage，butmunicatingwithsomehelpfromtechnology.”可以推出他们两个之间无法进行口头交流。故选A项。3．Whoprovidedthearticletous?A．Ms.Wing B．MorrisC．Morris’husband D．JudyZhu解析：选D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话“JudyZhuinNewYorkcontributedtothisstory.”可知是JudyZhu给我们提供了这篇文章。4．Whichmightbethebesttittleofthepassage?A．ForeignlanguageisveryimportantB．TwofriendlyoldladiesmovedtheworldC．ReadersandnetizensaroundtheworldD．Grandma’skindnesstouchesthousands解析：选D标题概括题。本文主要介绍了一位中国老太太无私地帮助一位素不相识的异国老太太的事迹，一经网络传播立即引起世人的广泛关注。因此，文章的标题应该是D项。B话题难度系数词数建议用时科学发现☆☆☆3508′Red－backedfairywrens(鹪)，whichliveinnorthernandeasternAustralia，laythreeorfoureggsatatime.(2017·江苏卷)Beforebirth，babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother’svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitestoembryoniclearning(胎教)，birdscouldrule_the_roost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk：OrnithologicalAdvances，somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化)．New－bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom’scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer，abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia，andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched，thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme！”call.Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds，theresearcherssoughtthered－backedfairywren，anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Aputeranalysisblindlyparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks，rankingthembysimilarity.Itturnsoutthatbabyred－backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs，themoresimilarwerethebabies’beggingcalls.Inaddition，theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological(神经系统的)strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.“Asaparent，doyouinvestinqualitychildren，ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed？”Kleindorferasks.“Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”[语篇解读]这是一篇科普类的说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚的一位生物学家通过研究发现，鸟儿在孵化时会进行胎教，幼鸟会用胎教时学会的鸟叫声来引起鸟妈妈的关注。鸟儿在胎教方面比人类更出色。5．TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means“________”．A．betheworst B．bethebestC．bejustasbad D．bejustasgood解析：选B猜测词义题。画线部分前面的语境说，婴儿在出生之前就能分辨很大的声响与人的嗓音(tellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices)；画线部分后面的语境说，有些鸟妈妈在鸟儿被孵化出来之前，就可能教它们啼叫(teachtheiryoungtosing)。通过对比画线部分的前后我们发现，这里说的是与人类相比，鸟妈妈在胎教方面表现得最好(bethebest)，因此选B。6．WhatareKleindorfer’sfindingsbasedon?A．Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.B．TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.C．ThedatacollectedfromQueensland’slocals.D．Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.解析：选A细节理解题。根据题干的Kleindorfer’sfindingsbasedon，我们知道本题询问的是这项研究成果建立的基础，由此把答案定位在第三段。该段说，为了了解这种特点是不是更多的鸟儿都具备(ifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds)，研究人员选定了澳大利亚另外一种会唱歌的鸟(anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird)——鹪鹩(fairywren)，从位于昆士兰四个地点的67个鸟巢里收集鸟叫的声音资料(collectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueensland)，然后再来分辨这些鸟叫声(identifiedbeggingcalls)，根据鸟妈妈与幼鸟声音的相似度来进行排列(rankingthembysimilarity)。第四段首句(Itturnsoutthat...)显示：鹪鹩幼鸟的叫声与鸟妈妈的声音也很相似。由此判断，他的发现基于A项(鸟妈妈与幼鸟叫声的相似之处)。7．Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich________.A．canreceivequalitysignals B．areinneedoftrainingC．fittheenvironmentbetter D．maketheloudestcall解析：选C推理判断题。文章最后两段说，研究结果发现，叫声与鸟妈妈的声音很接近的幼鸟得到的食物最多(thebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood)，这表明，有效的胎教能够把孩子神经系统的优点发信号给母亲(signalneurologicalstrengthsofchildrentoparents)。从这些信息判断，胎教能帮助鸟妈妈识别出更能适应环境的幼鸟，因此选C项。B卷·能力提升练Ⅰ.阅读填句话题难度系数词数建议用时健康☆☆☆1905′Ahealthiertomorrowstartswithamovementtoday.__1__Wecanallmakesmallchangesinourdailylivesthatwillhaveoutstandingresultsinthelongrun.Thefollowingaresomethingstoconsider.__2__Increasingyourdailyphysicalactivitycangreatlyreducelifedisease.Littlethingslikegardening，walkingthedog，doinghousework，playingwithyourkidscanhelpreduceyourrisk.Loweryourtotalfatintake.Itishighlyremendedtoconsumerelativelylowtotalfatandsaturatedfattyfoods.__3__Andyoushouldalsoknowwhatlong－termeffectsithas.Lowersodiumintake.Dietrulessuggestthatyouhavenomorethan1,500milligramsofsodiumaday.Tohelpwiththat，skipaddingsalttoyourmeals.Relyonotherseasoningsoutsideofsaltandtryandreduceyourintakeoftoomanyprocessedfoods.__4__Lowerstresslevels.Stressisawaythatwereacttochange.__5__Anyhow，reducingstressisthehighestremendedactivitythatwecanremend.Startingtodaycanhavegreatchangesonyourlifeinthefuture.Starttodayanddon’tletyourpoorchoicesmakealastingimpressiononfamilymembers，andyourmunity!A．Increasephysicalactivity.B．Lookupvarioushealthwebsites.C．Todothisyouwillneedtounderstandwhatyouareeating.D．Mostprocessedfoodsaccountfor75%ofadailysodiumintakelimit!E．Wecankeepfitbyroutinephysicalactivityandhealthyeatingpatterns.F．Unfortunately，intheeraoffastfoods，thisiswhatiseasiersaidthandone.G．Bydealingwithchangeeasier，youcanreduceyourstress，whetherstrongorweak.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了为拥有明天的健康，我们今天应该如何做才会有长期明显的效果。1．解析：选E因为该句考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的“Ahealthiertomorrowstartswithamovementtoday.”可知。该空应选E项。选项中的“keepfit”与“healthier”呼应；上文的“movement”与选项中的“routinephysicalactivity”呼应。2．解析：选A考查段落的主题句。根据本段中的“Increasingyourdailyphysicalactivity...”可以看出，本段谈论的主要是增加体力活动，故选A项。3．解析：选C根据本段的主题句“Loweryourtotalfatintake.”可知，该段谈论的主要是降低你的脂肪摄取量。又根据空格后的句子“Andyoushouldalsoknowwhatlong－termeffectsithas.”中的“it”可以判断出该题选C项。其中it指代的是C项中的“whatyouareeating”。该题易误选F项，因为它与本段的主题相关，但是要注意它与下文不衔接。4．解析：选D根据上文的“...toomanyprocessedfoods.”可知，该题选D项。D项介绍了尽量少吃加工食品的原因，与上文衔接紧密。5．解析：选G因为本段的主题句为“LowerStressLevels.”，故选G项。选项中的“stress”与本段主题相关。Ⅱ.完形填空话题难度系数词数建议用时献爱心☆☆☆32015′(2018·河南新乡一高模拟)Iwasasingleparentoffoursmallchildren，workingatalow－paidjob.Moneywasalwaystightbutwehada__1__overourheads，foodonthetable，clothesonourbacksandifnotalot，always__2__.Notknowingwearepoor，mykids(孩子)justthoughtIwas__3__.I’vealwaysbeengladaboutthat.ItwasChristmastime，andalthoughtherewasn’t__4__foralotofgifts，weplannedtocelebratewithafamilyparty.Butthebig__5__forthekidswasthefunofChristmas__6__.Theyplannedweeksaheadoftime，asking__7__whattheywantedforChristmas.Fortunately，Ihadsaved$120for__8__tosharebyallfiveofus.Thebig__9__arrived.Igaveeachkidatwenty－dollarbilland__10__themtolookforgiftsofaboutfourdollarseach.Theneveryonescattered(散开)．Wehadtwohourstoshop；thenwewould__11__backatthe“Santa’sWorkshop”．DrivinghomeeveryonewasinhighChristmasspirits，__12__myyoungerdaughter，Ginger，whoisalways__13__.Shehadonlyonesmall，flatbagwithafewcandies—fifty－centcandies！Iwassoangry，butIdidn’tsayanything__14__wegothome.Icalledherintomybedroomandclosedthedoor，__15__tobeangryagain.Thisiswhatshetoldme，“Iwaslooking__16__thinkingofwhattobuy，andI__17__toreadthelittlecardsonthe‘GivingTrees’．Onewasforalittlegirl，fouryearsold，andallshe__18__forChristmaswasadoll(玩具娃娃)．SoItookthecardoffthetreeand__19__adollforher.Wehavesomuchandshedoesn’thaveanything.”Ineverfeltso__20__asIdidthatday.[语篇解读]圣诞节那天，作者得知她的小女儿用自己买礼物的钱给一个陌生的小女孩买了娃娃这件事后，母亲的内心感受——从未有过的富有。1．A.roof B．hatC．sky D．star解析：选A根据下文的food，clothes可知，应选roof。2．A.little B．lessC．enough D．more解析：选C根据前面的ifnotalot可知，此处意为“虽然不多，但通常是足够的”。3．A.busy B．seriousC．strict D．kind解析：选C根据句意可知，孩子不知道家里穷，只是认为母亲对他们要求很严格。4．A.effort B．roomC．time D．money解析：选D由第一段可知，没有钱买许多礼物。5．A.improvement B．problemC．surprise D．excitement解析：选D由下半句可知，这是令孩子们最“兴奋的事”。6．A.shopping B．travellingC．parties D．greetings解析：选A由句意可知，对于孩子而言，圣诞节最大的快乐当然是购物了。7．A.theother B．eachotherC．onebyone D．everyotherone解析：选B本句意为：四个孩子彼此之间互问他们圣诞节想要的东西。8．A.toys B．clothesC．presents D．bills解析：选C本句意为：120元是我们五个人共同买礼物的钱。9．A.day B．chanceC．cheque D．tree解析：选A此处是指圣诞节来临了。10．A.forced B．remindedC．invited D．begged解析：选B由句意可知是提醒孩子买什么。11．A.draw B．stayC．move D．meet解析：选D由句意可知是回来集合。12．A.including B．besidesC．except D．regarding解析：选C每个孩子都情绪高涨，只有小女儿例外。13．A.quiet B．excitedC．happy D．ashamed解析：选A由上句可知，此处是指小女儿一直都是很安静的性格。14．A.since B．afterC．while D．until解析：选Dnot...until句型，意为“直到……才”。15．A.waiting B．readyC．hoping D．afraid解析：选B由句意可知，此处应选ready，其他选项均不符合文意。16．A.out B．overC．forward D．around解析：选Dlookaround“环顾四周”，lookover“检查，检阅”；C项缺to，lookforwardto“盼望”；lookout“向外看，当心”，故选D。17．A.forgot B．stoppedC．failed D．hated解析：选B根据句意可知是停下来，读许愿树上的小卡片。18．A.wanted B．didC．got D．played解析：选A由句意可知，她想要的圣诞节礼物是一个玩具娃娃。19．A.made B．searchedC．bought D．fetched解析：选C根据句意可知，取下卡片给小女孩买了个娃娃。20．A.angry B．richC．patient D．bitter解析：选B与第一段的Moneywasalwaystight相呼应。Ⅲ.语法填空Thegiantpandalovesbamboo.Anadultpandarequires12.5kilogramsofbamboo，whichit1.________(hungry)pullsoutwithitspowerfulpaws，tosatisfyitsdailyneeds.WildpandasliveonlyinthehighbambooforestsofCentralChina.Thesemountainforestsarecoolandwet－justaspandaslikeit.Inthesummer，theymayclimbashighas4000meterstohelpthemselvestobamboo2.________(grow)athigheraltitudes.Frequently，pandas3.________(see)eatinginarelaxedsittingposition，withtheirbacklegsstretchedoutbeforemayappearinactive，theyareinfactskilledtree－climbersandefficientswimmers.Giantpandasareunsociable.Theyhaveahighlydevelopedsenseofsmellthatmalesuse5.________(avoid)eachotherandtofindfemalesformatinginthespring.Afterafive－monthpregnancy，afemalegivesbirth6.________acub.Theblindbabypandasweighonly142gramsandcannotcrawl(爬行)7.________theyreachthreemonthsofbornwhite，anddeveloptheirmuchlovedcoloringlater.Thereareonlyabout1000giantpandasleftin9.________wild，withperhapsanother100inzoos.Becausetheyaresorare，muchof10.________weknowaboutpandasesfromstudyingthesezoo[语篇解读]这篇文章介绍了稀有动物大熊猫的生活习性。1．解析：hungrily动词应用副词修饰。2．解析：growing“竹子”和“生长”之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。3．解析：areseen“大熊猫”和“看到”之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。4．解析：Although/Though句意：尽管它们看起来不活泼，但是事实上，它们是非常擅长爬树和游泳的。所以填Although/Though。5．解析：toavoid表示目的“为了避开彼此”，所以填toavoid。6．解析：togivebirthto是固定用法，意思是“生下”。7．解析：until句意：大熊猫宝宝直到三个月大时才会爬行。所以填until。8．解析：They句意：它们出生时是白色的。所以填they。9．解析：theinthewild是固定用法，意思是野生的。10．解析：what这里含有一个主语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，所以填what。Ⅳ.短文改错文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday，Itookdrivinglessons.Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders，soonceIstartedthecar，mymindgoesblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether.Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword，“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“Turningleft！”IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.Afewminuteslate，theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleontheroad.答案：Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeq\o(eighteen,\s\do12(eighteenth))birthday，Itookdrivinglessons.Istillrememberhowhardeq\o(∧,\