第四讲　形容词副词和比较等级

第四讲形容词、副词和比较等级●高考感悟/练真题·悟技法·锁定目标●单句语法填空1．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,________(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.2．[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto________(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftenetocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.3．[2023·北京卷]SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,Iwouldthrowahouse­warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup________(exact)ontime.4．[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]So,whataretheylearning?________(basic),howtodescribeapanda'slife.5．[2022·全国乙卷]AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe________(large)tea­producingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.6．[2022·全国甲卷]Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore________(meaning).7．[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.8．[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Onthedayoftheaccident,Mrs.BrownwasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.Theybothfell________(sleep)whilewatchingTV.9．[2022·北京卷]That'sabigproblemanditisgettingeven________(bad).Theworldwon'tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.10．[2021·全国甲卷]Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir________(day)routines.●考点研析/破重点·析疑难·精准清障●考点一形容词和副词的基本用法1.形容词的基本用法(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。AsfarasIknow,Chinesetraditionalculture,includingpaper­cutting,guzhengandsoon,hasitsuniquecharacteristics.据我所知，中国传统文化，包括剪纸、古筝等，都有其独特的特点。Althoughitwasahardtimeandthingsweretightforeverybody,Bernard'sbusinessworkedoutquitewell.虽然那是一段艰难的时期，每个人的处境都很艰难，但伯纳德的生意做得很好。(2)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。Flushedandbreathless,sheboundedinthroughthegate.她满脸通红气喘吁吁地从大门口跑了进来。【名师指津】以­ly结尾的形容词，常见的：friendly,lovely,lively,lonely,elderly,deadly等。2．副词的基本用法(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、数词、介词短语其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。①Landingonthemoon'sfarsideisextremelychallenging.登陆月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。②Besides,wecanabsorballkindsofresourcestolearnmoreefficiently．此外，我们可以吸收各种资源来更有效地学习。③Needlesstosay,theyweredeeplymoved,especiallyBernardwhofinallyfoundawaytomakemoneyforhisfamily.不用说，他们都深受感动，尤其是伯纳德，他终于找到了赚钱养家的方法。(2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末);meanwhile“在此期间”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”；besides“另外，还有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。Theyoungmancouldn'taffordanewcar.Instead,heboughtausedone.那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。Thehousewastooexpensiveandtoobig.Besides,I'dgrownfondofourlittlerentedhouse.这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。【名师指津】易用错的几类副词(1)意义有别的同根副词。如：free(免费地)/freely(自由地),hard(努力地)/hardly(几乎不),late(晚，迟)/lately(最近),most(很，最)/mostly(主要地),fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地),near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。(2)有些副词有两种形式：以­ly结尾时表示抽象意义；与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：close接近/closely密切地；wide宽地/widely广泛地；high高地/highly高度地；deep深地/deeply深深地。即学即练单句语法填空1．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris________(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleftwantingmorenexttime.2．[2023·全国甲卷]________(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson'sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.3．[2023·全国乙卷]However,insteadofthebrownishredhairshehadhopedfor,she________(final)gotpurplehair.4．[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorefortableand________(confidence)speakingEnglish.5．[2022·浙江1月卷]OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,________(rough)200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists—havepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.6．[2022·浙江6月卷]Blindpeoplerecognizeshapeswiththeir________(exist)senses,inawaysimilartothatofsightedpeople,saysEllaStriem­Amit,aHarvardscientist.7．[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Whenhelookeddown,he________(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.8．[2024·安庆市模拟]Inthestudy,GBSwasusedtoprovidea________(high)efficientwayofdemonstratingquantumputationalspeedupinsolvingsometasks.考点二形容词和副词的比较等级1.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则变化变化规则例词单音节的词一般在后面分别加­er、­esttall→taller→tallestquick→quicker→quickest以“辅音字母＋e”结尾的词，在后面分别加­r、­stlate→later→latestpale→paler→palest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y改为i，再分别加­er、­estearly→earlier→earliestheavy→heavier→heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，要双写这个辅音字母，再分别加­er、­estthin→thinner→thinnesthot→hotter→hottest其他双音节和多音节的词都在前面分别加more、mostcareful→morecareful→mostcareful【名师指津】有少数几个双音节以及­ow,­er,­le结尾的词，既可以分别加­er、­est，又可以分别加more、most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词：narrow,mon,clever,simple,quiet,stupid等。(2)不规则变化good/well→better→best;bad/ill→worse→worst;many/much→more→most;far→farther/further→farthest/furthest;little→less→least;old→older/elder→oldest/eldest2．比较等级的用法(1)同级比较①as＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……一样”；notas/so＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……不一样”Sincepeoplearefondofhumour,itisasweleinconversationasanywhereelse.因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as...as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...I'mnotalittletiredtodayaftergivingtheroomathoroughcleaningandIhaveneverhadastiringadayastoday.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。(2)比较级“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。Iknowmysisterbetterthananyoneelse.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。【名师指津】修饰比较等级的副词：much,even,still,far,yet,alittle,alot,abit,rather,any等。more,very等副词不可修饰比较级。(3)最高级①表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。Tomiscontentwiththewatch.Itisthebestgifthehasevergot.汤姆对这块表很满意。这是他得到的最好的礼物。②最高级的其他表达法否定词＋比较级比较级＋than＋anyother＋单数名词比较级＋than＋alltheother＋复数名词比较级＋than＋anyoftheother＋复数名词比较级＋thananything/anyoneelseYourstoryisperfect.I'veneverheardabetteronebefore.你的故事太完美了，我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriver/thanalltheotherrivers/thananyoftheotherriversinChina.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。【名师指津】有些词本身就有最高级含义，不能再用最高级形式，常见的：favourite，wonderful，exhausted等；有些词本身有比较级含义，故不与than连用，如beseniorto等。(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型①the＋adj./adv.比较级，the＋adj./adv.比较级“越……，越……”②adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级“越来越……”③the＋adj.比较级＋ofthetwo＋名词“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”④nomorethan“仅仅”，notmorethan“至多；不超过”⑤more...than...“与其说……不如说……”⑥no＋比较级＋than“和……一样不……”⑦not＋比较级＋than“不比……更……”⑧倍数句型Ais＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋BAis＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋BAis＋倍数＋the＋名词(size,length,height等)＋of＋BTheelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.总的来说，电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。Moreandmorepeoplerealisetheimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguagewell.越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。即学即练单句语法填空1．[2023·北京卷]Beingnewtotheschoolmademeeven________(shy),soitwassurprisingI'dchattoanyonearoundme.2．[2022·全国甲卷]Inthelastfiveyears,Caohaswalkedthrough34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa's________(high)mountain.3．[2021·浙江1月卷]Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside,including________(low)levelsofineandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.4．[2021·全国甲卷]Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat________(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!5．[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the________(hot)thespring!6．[2020·全国Ⅲ卷]Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststoeandpresenttheir________(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.●小试牛刀/夯基础·提技能·高效备考●Ⅰ.语法填空[2024·辽宁省高三上学期期中试题]Evacuation(疏散)ordersfromIsrael'smilitaryhaveforcedhundredsofthousandsofpeople1.________(flee)southfromtheirhomesinnorthernGazasinceFriday,the2.________(large)waveofciviliandisplacement(离开家园)inaweekofwaraccordingtotheUnitedNations,evenasothersrefusedtoleave,fearingthatescaperoutesaretoodangerous.Themainroadsrunningfromnorth3.________southwerecrowded.Insomeareastrafficcameto4.________stopwithtrucks,buses,overpackedcarsandpeopleonfootall5.________(crowd)ontothesamenarrowroadstoheadsouth.Butmany6.________(civilian),includinghospitalstaff,arerefusingtoleave.AhmedOkal,43,7.________livesinGazaCity'sZaitounneighborhood,saidhedidn'ttrustthatcivilianstravelingsouthwouldn'tbetargetedwithairstrikes(空袭).“Iam8.________(definite)afraidofstayinghere,9.________Iwillnotriskthelivesofmywifeandchildrenonthewaytothesouth，”hesaid,referringtoreportsthatsomeofthosefleeing10.________(kill)inanairstrike.Ⅱ.写作运用完成下面短文，注意本部分语法的运用。DearDavid，I'velearnedfromtheInternetthatyouwanttomakeaChinesefriendsoastolearntheChineselanguageandculture.1.________________________________________________________(我很高兴你对中国有浓厚的兴趣)andIwouldliketobeyourfriend.2．______________________________________________________________________________(我将尽可能经常地给你写信介绍中国文化).WhenyouhaveanopportunitytoetoChina,I'llteachyouhowtospeakChineseand3.____________________________________________________________(带你参观一些著名的历史名胜).4.________________________________________________________(无论如何，我将尽可能多地帮助你).Howdoyouthink?I'mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely，LiHua第四讲形容词、副词和比较等级高考感悟1．答案与解析：tasty考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。修饰后面的名词soup(汤)应用形容词，故用tasty“美味的”作定语。2．答案与解析：visiting考查形容词。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。3．答案与解析：exactly考查副词。修饰介词短语ontime应用副词exactly。4．答案与解析：Basically考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰。5．答案与解析：largest考查形容词最高级。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。6．答案与解析：meaningful考查形容词。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。7．答案与解析：eventually考查副词。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。8．答案与解析：asleep考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fallasleep为固定搭配，意为“入睡的”，asleep符合句意。9．答案与解析：worse考查比较级。句意：这是个大问题，而且越来越严重。even“甚至”常置于比较级前，所以此处用worse。10．答案与解析：daily考查词性转换。修饰名词routines应用形容词形式，dailyroutine为固定搭配，意为“日常生活”。考点研析考点一即学即练1．答案与解析：rarely考查副词。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。2．答案与解析：Different考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。bedifferentfrom与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。3．答案与解析：finally考查副词。此处修饰动词got，应用副词，作状语。4．答案与解析：confident考查形容词。空处和前文的fortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。5．答案与解析：roughly考查副词。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地，大约”。6．答案与解析：existing考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学科学家埃拉·斯特里姆阿米特(EllaStriemAmit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语，修饰sense。7．答案与解析：accidentally考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。8．答案与解析：highly句意：在这项研究中，GBS被用来提供一种高效的方法来证明量子计算在解决一些任务时的加速。修饰后文形容词efficient应用副词highly，表示程度高。考点二即学即练1．答案与解析：shyer考查形容词比较级。根据空前的even，空处应用形容词比较级。2．答案与解析：highest考查形容词最高级。根据空前Africa's可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。3．答案与解析：lower考查形容词比较级。根据后面的“higher”“fewer”可知，此处应用形容词比较级。故填lower。4．答案与解析：better考查比较等级。分析句子结构，且根据空后的than可知，空处应用good的比较级。5．答案与解析：hotter考查比较等级。根据语境可知，气温越低，温泉就越热。本空所在句使用了“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，表示“越……越……”。故本空填hot的比较级hotter。6．答案与解析：finest考查最高级。句意：