初高衔接语法：专题一 句子成分

初高衔接语法：十大词类（PartsofSpeech）一、英语十大词类词类意义例词名词n表示人或事物的名称car,mouth,year冠词art用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或物a,an,the代词pron用来代替名词、形容词或数词we,his,him,mine形容词adj用来修饰名词，表示名词的特征red,long,angry数词num表示数量或顺序three,second动词v表示动作或状态hear,see,sing副词adv修饰动词、形容词或其他副词early,then,soon介词prep表示名词、代词等和其他词的关系from,on,for,with连词conj用来连接词与词、短语与短语、句与句and,or,because感叹词interj表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感oh,well,hey二、英语中的人称代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词ImemyminemyselfweusOuroursourselvesyouyouyouryoursyourselfyouyouyouryoursyourselveshehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves作主语作宾语作定语作主语/表语/宾语作表语/宾语/同位语初高衔接语法：句子成分句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。英语中共有八大句子成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和同位语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。表语、宾语、宾语补足语都是谓语的组成部分。1、主语：是表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语和从句等充当。JennyisanEnglishteacher.Jenny是英语教师HeteachesEnglishinNo.5MiddleSchool.他在五中教英语。Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy.要当一位好老师并不容易。Herbeloveddiedinthewar.她敬爱的人死于战场。Whathesaidisreasonable.他说的话有道理。2、谓语：是说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里的主要词）用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两个方面必须保持一致。WeloveChina.我热爱中国。Mr.Chenghopestobeagoodteacher.程先生希望当一位好教师。3、表语：是说明主语是什么或者怎么样。由名词、代词、数词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或从句等充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。Myfatherisateacher.我父亲是教师。Areyouready?你准备好了吗？HisworkistoteachEnglish.他的工作是教英语。That’swhatIshoulddo.这是我应该做的。4、宾语：是表示动作行为的对象。由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句等充当宾语，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。Heoftenhelpsme.他经常帮助我。WestudyEnglishatschool.我们在学校学习英语。Iwishtobeagoodteacher.我希望成为一位好教师。Weenjoysharingtheirworkexperience．我们喜欢分享他们的工作经验。Weseldomrealizethatmanyplantsactuallycomefromcountriesfaraway．我们很少有人知道很多植物来自远方的国家。5、宾语补足语：是用来对宾语进行补充说明。作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词（短语）、过去分词（短语）和动词不定式（短语）。Wemadehimmonitor.我们选他当班长。Heoftenmakeshismotherangry.他经常惹妈妈生气。Whotookmybagawaybymistake?谁误拿了我的书包？Whenhecametolife,hefoundhimselfinhospital.当她醒来的时候发现自己住院了。IheardhersingingwhenIwentbytheroom.我从房间旁边路过的时候听见他在唱歌。Hehadhishaircutyesterday.他昨天请人理了发。Theteachertoldustostudyhard.老师叫我们好好学习。6、定语：是用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词、短语或从句等。Theredbikeismine.红色的自行车是我的。Wehavefourlessonsinthemorning.我们上午四节课。Whatisyourname？你叫什么名字？Thisisthedeskwhoselegisbroken.这就那张断腿的课桌。7、状语：是用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词、短语或从句等来充当状语。Weareworkinghard.我们学习很努力。Sheisverybeautiful.她长得很漂亮。Theyhadameetingthisafternoon.今天下午我们开会了。HecomestostudyEnglisheveryday.他每天来这里学英语。TherearelotsofsheepwhereIlive.我住的地方有很多绵羊。8．同位语：主要用作对名词做进一步解释。它可以是单词、短语或从句。MaoZedong,agreatleader,ledtheChineseinfoundingthePeople’sRepublicofChina.毛泽东一位伟大的领袖带领中国人建立了中华人民共和国。HeaskedmeaquestionwhetherIlikedEnglish.他问了我一个问题我是否喜欢英语。句子成分练习一、划出下列句子的主语(subject)1.Thesunrisesintheeast.2.Helikesdancing.3.Twowillbeenough.4.Seeingisbelieving.6.Toseeistobelieve.7.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.8.Whatheneedsisabook.9.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。先划出下列句子的真正的主语，然后翻译下列句子1)Itiswrongtotellalie.

2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.二、划出下列句子的表语(predicative)Heisateacher.Myideaisthis.Shewasthefirsttoarrive.Ifeelmuchbettertoday.Heisoutofdanger.Thenewswasexciting.WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.三、划出下列句子的宾语(object)1.Shelivedahappylife.2.Iloveyou.3.Weneedtwo.4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.四、划出下列句子的宾语补足语(objectcomplement)IconsiderJimagoodfriend.Ialwaysfindherhappy.Peoplepraisedhimasahero.IhadtheTVfixed.Isawhimenteringthebuilding.Whatmadeyouthinkso?Doyouwantmetogo?五、划出下列句子的定语(attribute)It’saredcar.Theyliveintheroomabove.Mybrotherisateacher.Webelongtothethirdworld.Lucy’sfatherisapoorworker.Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.Theswimmingboyismybrother.Ilikedthefoodcookedbymymother.Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.Willyoutellusaboutyourteachingplan?ThisistheverybookthatIneed.六、划出下列句子的状语(adverbial)Heisoftenlateforclass.Wesawthatpictureatthecinema.Hesattheresmoking.Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.Hewasangrybecausewewerelate．Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoout.句子成分练习2013-09一.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成份。1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Hesawamanleavethehotel.20.Theapplestastedsweet.句子成分和五大基本句子类型练习划出下列句子的主语1.Seeingisbelieving.2.“Dirty”canbeusedasaverb.3.WhatIwanttosayisthis.4.Whethertheywilljoinushasn’tbeenmadeclear.5.Toovercomelazinessispossible,thoughnoteasy.划出下列句子的谓语1.Hersuggestionsoundsquitereasonable.2.Thechickendoesn’ttastedelicious.3.Ithankedherforherkindness.4.Sheleftalargenumberofmoneyaftershedied.5.Hewasthoughttobeaspy.划出下列句子的表语1.Herideasoundsquitenice.2.Weshouldalwayskeepcalm.3.Thatseemsagoodidea.4.Theirexaminationresultsaredisappointing,5.WhatIwanttoknowiswhowonthecompetition.划出下列句子的宾语,如果有双宾语请分别指出直接宾语和间接宾语1.Theybeathimblackandblue.2.Shetaughtthegirltoplaythepiano.3.I’dliketoaskyouaquestion4.Pleasetakecareofyourlittlesister.5.Ican’ttellwhichisbetter.QuizName__________Partone:指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成份。1.ThereisgoingtobeaChinesefilmtonight.2.SheistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.3.Herwishistobecomeateacher.4.He,mybrother,managedtofinishtheworkintime.5.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.6.WefounditimportanttolearnEnglish.7.Doyouhaveanythingelsetowash?8.Tobehonest,yourwritingisn’tsogood.9.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourname?10.Theynoticedamanentertheroom.PartTwo:Multiplechoice(单项选择).1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.Nowtheretheman B.ThemanherenowC.Themanisherenow D.Themanisherenow2.Theweather____.A.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold3.Theapp