2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit2Onwardsandupwards突破语法大冲关学案外研版选择性必修第一册

PAGEUnit2Onwardsandupwardsv．­ing和不定式作宾语[视察例句]视察下列句子，指出其黑体部分的动词形式及作用。1．Asayoungman，hesawthegreatneedforincreasingthericeoutput.动词­ing作介词的宾语2．“Weregrettoinformyou...”arethewordseverywriterknowswell.不定式作宾语3．However，hedoesn'tcareaboutbeingfamous.动词­ing作介词的宾语4．Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic，playingmahjong，swimmingandreading.动词­ing作动词的宾语5．Heawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeople.动词­ing作介词的宾语6．XiaoWang'sparentsplannedtotakeaholidayabroad.不定式作动词的宾语7．Theystartworking/toworkateighteverymorning.不定式或动词­ing作动词的宾语8．Heneglectedlocking/tolockthedoor.不定式或动词­ing作动词的宾语9．Inthosedaystheycouldn'taffordtobuyacar.不定式作动词的宾语10．Imayclaimtohavelearned8，000Englishwords.不定式作动词的宾语[归纳用法]一、只接动词­ing形式作宾语的动词1．作动词的宾语括号中的动词后接动词­ing形式作宾语。这些动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：避开错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)建议完成多练习(advise/suggest，finish，practise)喜爱想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can'thelp)承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)躲避冒险莫宽恕(escape，risk，excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打开窗子吗？Idon'tlikewatchingtelevisionbutIenjoylisteningtotheradio.我不喜爱看电视，但是喜爱听收音机。Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。2．作动词短语的宾语动词短语：insiston，objectto，begoodat，befondof，leadto，putoff，giveup，lookforwardto，feellike，get/beusedto，payattentionto，beworth等后接动词­ing形式作宾语。Sheisveryfondoftellingotherpeoplewhattodo.她爱对别人指手画脚。Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他坚持要根据自己的方法做。[即学即练1]单句语法填空①IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdoworking(work)withstudents.②Ioftenpractiselistening(listen)andspeaking(speak)．③Theboywasluckytoescapebeingpunished(punish)．④Itisusefulforsomeonewhoistryingtogiveupsmoking(smoke)．⑤It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoing(go)foraswim?二、常接动词不定式作宾语的动词1．agree(同意)，afford(付得起)，offer(主动提出)，plan(准备，支配)，demand(要求)，promise(答应)，help(帮忙)，prepare(准备)，decide(确定)，refuse(拒绝)，choose(选择，确定)，wish/hope/want/expect(希望)，fail(失败)，pretend(假装)，manage(设法)，determine(决心)，beg(请求，祈求)，arrange(支配，筹备)，threaten(威逼)，claim(声称)，aim(力争做到)，hesitate(顾虑)，happen(碰巧)，hope(希望)等动词后通常接动词不定式作宾语。Iofferedtopaintthehouseinexchangeforaweek'saccommodation.我主动提出给房子刷油漆以换取一周的食宿。Johnisveryreliable－ifhepromisestodosomething，he'llcertainlydoit.约翰特别牢靠，他假如许诺做什么事，就肯定会做的。[名师点津]动词不定式作宾语且后面有自己的宾语补足语时，常常用it作形式宾语，将不定式放在宾语补足语之后。当不定式作consider,feel,find,make,think等动词的宾语时，常运用这一结构。TheyallfeelitveryhardtolearnEnglish.他们都感觉学英语很难。2．动词不定式作宾语，通常有三种形式：(1)一般式：动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作(状态)同时发生，或是在它之后发生。当动词不定式的逻辑主语是其所表示的动作的发出者时，用主动形式(todo)；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是其所表示的动作的承受者时，用被动形式(tobedone)。Ijustwantedtoknowifeverythingwasallright.我只是想知道是否一切都好。Herefusedtobephotographed.他拒绝让人拍照。(2)进行式：动词不定式的进行式(tobedoing)表示动词不定式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，并强调动作的持续性或动作正在进行。WhenIcamein，hepretendedtobesleeping.当我进来时，他假装正在睡觉。IthappenedtoberainingwhenIgotthere.我到达那里的时候，碰巧在下雨。(3)完成式：动词不定式的完成式(tohavedone)表示动词不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。Heclaimedtohavebeenbadlytreatedinthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.他声称昨天在超市购物时受到了不好的对待。[即学即练2]单句语法填空①Ihadhopedtosend(send)himatelegramtocongratulatehimonhismarriage.②Whenhismothercamein，theboypretendedtobereading(read)．③Havingfailedinthedrivingtesttwice，hedecidednottotake(take)itagain.④Ifyouwanttogo(go)withus，youshouldbereadybyeighto'clock.⑤This，inanutshell，iswhatRichardChaplinappearstohavedone(do)．三、既可以接动词­ing形式也可以接动词不定式作宾语的状况1．在start，begin，continue等动词后既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区分不大。Theycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.他们接着工作，好像什么也没发生过。2．在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后接动词­ing形式作宾语指常常性的动作，用不定式作宾语指详细的动作。Hepreferredstayinginthehousewhenitrained.下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(动词­ing形式作宾语，指每逢下雨都待在家里。)Iprefertostayathomethisafternoon.今日下午我宁愿待在家里。(动词不定式作宾语，表示今日下午待在家里这一详细的动作。)3．下表中的动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词­ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。动词宾语的形式意义forgettodo遗忘要做……doing遗忘做过……remembertodo记着要去做……doing记得做过……regrettodo缺憾/愧疚要做……doing/havingdone懊悔做了……trytodo尽力做……doing尝试做……meantodo准备做……doing意味着……goontodo接着做(另外一件事)doing接着做(同一件事)stoptodo停下来去做……doing停止做……Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.请记着代我向你的家人问好。Istillremembervisitingthemuseumforthefirsttime.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。4．下列动词可接动词­ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式：need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedone。Thebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这辆自行车须要修理。[即学即练3]单句语法填空①Helikesswimmingbuthedoesn'tliketoswimthisafternoon.(swim)②Imeantochange(change)itforanotherone.③Missingthetrainmeanswaiting(wait)foranotherhour.④Irememberedlocking(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice，butforgottoturn(turn)offthelights.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theypromisedtocome(come)heretohelpus.2．Somestudentsfinditverydifficulttospeak(speak)Englishfluently.3．Iregrettotell(tell)youthatyourschoolteamhaslostthegame.4．Yesterdayheforgotposting/havingposted(post)theletterandlookedforiteverywhere.5．Generallyspeaking，youngkidsarekeenonwatching(watch)cartoons.6．Heclaimedtohavereached(reach)thetopofthemountain.7．IwassoangrythatIfeltlikethrowing(throw)somethingathim.8．Haveyouconsideredlooking(look)foronespecialfriend?9．Iexpecthimtobedoing(do)homeworknow.10．Sheobjectedtogoing(go)therebytraininsuchasituation.Ⅱ.短文语法填空Weweresorry1.tohear(hear)thatCindywasillinhospital.Wehoped2.tohelp(help)herinsomeway，sowedecided3.topay(pay)avisittoheryesterdayafternoon.Cindywashappytoseeus.Shestarted4.talking(talk