计算机专业英语项目六

项目六InformationSecurity本项目主要讲解了情报安全性的相关知识，并具体从信息安全的概念和网络安全这两方面来进行论述。目录任务一ConceptofInformationSecurity任务二InternetSecurity1.信息安全1.ConceptofInformationSecurity准备知识ReadingMaterial1ReadingMaterial13.正文参考翻译信息安全

Theissueofinformationsecurityanddataprivacyisassumingtremendousimportanceamongglobalorganizations,particularlyinanenvironmentmarkedbycomputervirusandterroristattacks,hackingsanddestructionofvitaldataowingtonaturaldisasters.[1]Whenitcomestoinformationsecurity,mostcompaniesfallsomewherebetweentwoextremeboundaries:completeaccessandcompletesecurity.Acompletelysecurecomputerisonethatisnotconnectedtoanynetworkandphysicallyunreachablebyanyone.Acomputerlikethisisunusableanddoesnotservemuchofapracticalpurpose.Ontheotherhand,acomputerwithcompleteaccessisveryeasytouse,requiringnopasswordsorauthorizationtoprovideanyinformation.[2]Unfortunately,havingacomputerwithcompleteaccessisalsonotpracticalbecauseitwouldexposeeverybitofinformationpublicly,fromcustomerrecordstofinancialdocuments.Obviously,thereisamiddleground-thisistheartofinformationsecurity.1.ReadingMaterial1信息安全Wordsintegraladj.完整的,构成整体所需要的assessv.估定,评定identifyv.识别,鉴别,确定forecastv.预测threatn.恐吓,威胁draftv.起草doctrinen.教条,学说administrativeadj.管理的,行政的coordinaten.坐标(用复数)adj.同等的,并列的counteractv.抵消,中和,阻碍infrastructuren.下部构造,基础下部组织entrepreneurn.<法>企业家,主办人certifyv.证明,保证1.ReadingMaterial1信息安全Theinformationsecuritysystemisanintegralpartofthenationalsecuritysystem.Themainfunctionsoftheinformationsecuritysystemare:assessingthestateofinformationsecurityinthecountry,identifyingandforecastinginternalandexternalthreatstoinformationsecurity,draftinganinformationsecuritydoctrine;developingacomprehensivesystemoflegal,administrative,economic.othermeasuresandmethodsaimedatensuringinformationsecurity;coordinatingandmonitoringtheworkofinformationsecurityentities;protectinginformationsecurityentitiesagainstplete,inaccurateanddistortedinformationandagainstexposuretoinformationdamagingtotheirlifeandhealth;protectingprotectedinformation;counteractingtechnicalintelligenceservices;developingandperfectinganinformationinfrastructure,aninformationtechnologyindustry,systems,meansandservices;cooperationinthesphereofinformationsecurity.1.ReadingMaterial1信息安全organizingscientificresearch,developingandimplementationofscientific,scientific-technicalprogrammesinthefieldofinformationsecurity;licensingtheactivitiesofcorporationsandindividualentrepreneursinthefieldofinformationsecurity;certifyinginformationsystemsandmeans,assessingandratingthecomplianceofinformationfacilitieswithinformationprotectionrequirements;stateinspectioninthefieldofinformationsecurity;creatingconditionsforpreservinganddevelopingintellectualpotentialintheinformationsphere;preventing,identifyingandsuppressingoffenceswhichareaimedathurtingtherightsandfreedomsofcorporationsandindividualsintheinformationsphere,prosecutingandtryingincourtperpetratorsofcrimesintheinformationsphere;carryingoutinternationalinformationsecurity.1.ReadingMaterial1信息安全DataSecurityTheDevelopmentofDataTransmissionInthetraditional,manualworkingenvironment,information(intheformoftexts,numbers,etc.)andmedium(suchaspaper)werecloselyintertwined.Longexperiencesintheirusageandtheapplicationofanti-counterfeittechnologyhavemadetraditionalformsofinformationverydifficulttoalter.Similarly,itwasalsodifficulttosendbogusinformationbyanimpersonator.Eventhosewhosucceededindoingsousuallywerediscoveredveryeasily.Intoday'sworldofinformationandtechnology,theInternetisrapidlychangingmanywayspeopledothings.Similarly,ithasalsointroducedmanymanagementproblems.Formanandinformationtointeract,thereisaneedtoestablishareliableinformationsystemworkingenvironmentinwhichwegrasp,distribute,storeandmanageinformation.Suchanenvironmentmustbeabletoprovideampleprotectionagainsttampering,stealing,delaying,transmissionbyfictitiousparties,denialofhavingfaxedadocument,illegalintrusionandthelike.Onlysocanwebuildastrongfoundationforaninformationsociety.2.ReadingMaterial2信息安全信息安全和数据保密的问题在全球的组织中非常重要，尤其在一个计算机病毒、恐怖分子、黑客攻击以及自然灾害造成重要数据破坏的环境。涉及到信息安全，很多公司会处于两种极端的边界W完全访问和完全安全。一个完全安全的计算机是这样的，不连接任何网络，并且也不让任何人接触。像这样的计算机是不能用的并且也没有多少实际用途。另一方面，完全访问的计算机容易使用，提供任何信息不需要密码和权限。不幸的是，拥有完全访问的计算机也是不实际的，因为它会公开暴露每一点信息，从客户记录到财政文件。显然可以有一个中间区域

这就是信息安全的技术。信息安全的概念集中于下面几部分W完整性W收集和维护正确的信息并且避免恶意破坏。可用性W在需要的时候提供对信息的访问。机密性W避免向未授权或不必要的人泄漏信息。安全的信息系统需要具有如下的特性W服务完整性.这是信息系统的一个特性，以保证信息系统具有有效性、可靠性、完整性和敏捷性。3.正文参考译文信息安全任务实施信息安全和数据保密的问题在全球的组织中非常重要，尤其在一个计算机病毒、恐怖分子、黑客攻击以及自然灾害造成重要数据破坏的环境下。任务：

信息安全任务分析：理解牢记！信息安全的重要性不言而喻。安全的信息系统需要具有如下的特性W服务完整性.这是信息系统的一个特性，以保证信息系统具有有效性、可靠性、完整性和敏捷性。任务：信息安全信息安全任务实施

[1]例句：WWhenitcomestoinformationsecurity,mostcompaniesfallsomewherebetweentwoextremeboundaries:completeaccessandcompletesecurity.分析：W本句是复合句。Whenitcomestoinformationsecurity是时间状语从句。whenitcomestosth/doingsth。意为当涉及到(做)某事物的情况、事情和问题时。译文：W涉及到信息安全，很多公司会处于两种极端的边界W完全访问和完全安全。[2]例句：WUnfortunately,havingacomputerwithcompleteaccessisalsonotpracticalbecauseitwouldexposeeverybitofinformationpublicly,fromcustomerrecordstofinancialdocuments.W本句是复合句，because引导原因状语从句。句中unfortunately为评注性状语。评注性状语不是修饰i语或i语动词。而是对整个句子进行说明或解释，表明说话人对话语的看法或态度，通常位于句首并用逗号与句子|开。译文：W遗憾的是，拥有完全访问的计算机也是不实际的。因为它会公开暴露每一点信息，从客户记录到财政文件。

2.网络安全2.InternetSecurityl准备知识ReadingMaterial1ReadingMaterial23.正文参考翻译Inrecentyears,Internetchangesourlifealot.Weusee-mailandInternetphonetotalkwithourfriends,wegetup-to-dateinformationthroughwebandwedoshoppinginthecyber-market.Internethasmanyadvantagesovertraditionalcommunicationchannels,e.g.it'scosteffective,itdeliversinformationfastanditisnotrestrictedbytimeandplace.[1]ThemorepeopleuseInternet,themoreconcernsaboutInternetsecurity.Inperson-to-personcommunity,securityisbasedonphysicalcues.Tonamebutafew,weuseoursignaturetoauthenticateourselves;wesealletterstopreventothersinspectionandmodification;wereceivereceiptwiththeshop'schoptomakesurewepaid;wegetinformationfromareliablesource.ButintheInternetsociety,nosuchphysicalcueisavailable.TherearetwoareasthatweconcernaboutinInternetcommunication.Thefirstoneissecrecyhowdoweensurenoonereadsthedataduringitstransmission?Thesecondoneisauthenticationhowdowebesurethattheidentityofsomeoneclaiming"whoitis".Imagineonedayyoureceiveane-mail,whichthee-mailsenderis"BillGates".Howdoyouconfirmthee-mailisactuallysentbyBillGates?1.ReadingMaterial1网络安全1.ReadingMaterial1网络安全authenticatev.鉴别

authenticationn.证明，鉴定

applicantn.申请者，请求者

cyber-marketn.网上商店

cryptographyn.密码系统，密码术

certificaten.证书

counterpartn.副本，配对物

cooperationn.合作，协作

decryptv.解密，解释明白

encryptionn.加密术，密码术

identificationn.辨认，鉴定，证明

receiptn.收据，收条

signaturen.签名

scenarion.情况说明，游戏的关或是某一特定情节

tokenn.令牌

trustworthya.可信赖的

up-to-datea.最近的，当代的

Adistrustednetwork.InthecaseofconnectionstotheInternetthisconcernmaybebasedlargelyonanecdotalevidencegleanedfromwidespreadmediacoverageofsecuritybreaches.Acloserinspectionofthefactsandstatisticsbehindsomeofthemediacoveragewill,however,onlyservetodeepenthatconcern.Forexample,theUSNationalComputerSecurityAgency(NCSA)assertsthatmostattackstocomputersystemsgoundetectedandunreported,citingattacksmadeagainst9,000DepartmentofDefencecomputersbytheUSDefenceInformationSystemsAgency(DISA).Theseattackshadan88percentsuccessrateandwentundetectedbymorethan95percentofthetargetorganizations.Only5percentofthe5percentthatdetectedanattack,amere22sites,reactedtoit.ItisnoteworthythatthesesitesbelongtotheUSDepartmentofDefence(DoD)andwerenotcommercialsites,whichmaygivesecuritylessprioritythantheDoD.1.ReadingMaterial1网络安全Apacketfilterisoftenusedtoprotectanorganization'scomputersandnetworksfromunwantedInternettraffic.ThefilterisplacedintherouterthatconnectstheorganizationtotherestoftheInternet.ApacketfilterconfiguredtoprotectanorganizationagainsttrafficfromtherestoftheInternetiscalledanInternetfirewall;thetermisderivedfromthefireproofphysicalboundaryplacedbetweentwostructurestopreventfirefrommovingbetweenthem.Likeaconventionalfirewall,anInternetfirewallisdesignedtokeepproblemsintheInternetfromspreadingtoanorganization'scomputers.Firewallsarethemostimportantsecuritytoolusedtohandlenetworkconnectionsbetweentwoorganizationsthatdonottrusteachother.Byplacingafirewalloneachexternalnetworkconnection,anorganizationcandefineasecureperimeterthatpreventsoutsidersfrominterferingwiththeorganization'scomputers.Inparticular,bylimitingaccesstoasmallsetofcomputers,afirewallcanpreventoutsidersfromprobingallcomputersinanorganizationorfloodingtheorganization'snetworkwithunwantedtraffic.2.ReadingMaterial2网络安全近几年来，Internet使人们的生活改变了许多。人们使用e-mail，通过IP电话和朋友交谈，从网上获取最新信息，在网络市场购物。与传统通信渠道相比，Internet有许多优势W花费实在，信息传送速度快，并且不受时间和地点的限制。使用Internet的人越多，对Internet安全的关注就越多。在个人面对个人的社会，安全取决于物理的提示。简单说来，人们用签名来表明自己的身份:人们把信函密封起来，防止他人窥视和更改:人们接受商店里有公章的收条来证明己经付款:人们从可靠的地方获取信息。不过对Internet安全而言，就没有这样的物理提示。对Internet通信，人们关心两个方面，第一是保密如何确信数据在传输过程中没有人阅读过?第二是鉴定如何确信某个人(或计算机)所声称的身份。设想有一天用户收到了一份e-mail，寄件人是"比尔·盖茨"，用户如何确认这份e-mail真的是比尔·盖茨发送的?3.正文参考译文网络安全解决数据安全问题的途径是加密。在现实生活中，如果汤姆想和玛丽密谈，他可以找一间没人的房子和玛丽平静地交谈，或者他用只有他们两人明白的密码交谈。在互Interne