湖北省重点高中智学联盟2023-2024学年高二下学期5月联考英语试卷

湖北省重点高中智学联盟2024年春季高二年级5月联考英语试题本试题共10页，67题。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试时间：2024年5月23日上午8：00—10：00★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，用签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Hostessandguest.B.Husbandandwife.C.Bossandsecretary.2.WhatwillAnnadonext?A.MeetJames.B.Sendamessage.C.Changethetime.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inabookstore.C.Inalibrary.4.Whatisthewoman’stelephonenumber?A.02086557621.B.02086657321.C.02026557321.5.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Annoyed.B.Disappointed.C.Puzzled.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?A.Tobookatableforadinner.B.Toadjustthediningtime.C.Tochangethenumberofdiners.7.Whattimeisthemangoingtohavethedinner?A.At4.B.At6.C.At7:30.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatistheman’sproblemwithEnglish?A.Listening.B.Speaking.C.Vocabulary.9.Wheredoestheman’sproblemlie?A.Formsofwords.B.Stressofwords.C.Meaningofwords.10.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Speakwithnatives.B.PracticeoralEnglish.C.Seesomefilms.听第8段材料，回答第11至14题。11.Whatdidthemando?A.Herepairedsomebookshelves.B.Hebrokeawaterpipe.C.Hehiredarepairman.12.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’swork?A.Successful.B.Economical.C.Disastrous.13.Whatdoweknowaboutthebook?A.Itisexpensive.B.ItisaguidebooktoDIY.C.ItistakenfromMr.Neil’sbookshelf.14.WhatisNeilgoingtodo?A.Readthebook.B.Savesomemoney.C.Changethepipe.听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Conductinganinterview.B.Assigninghomework.C.Givingalecture.16.WhatisTeachChina?A.Aruralschool.B.Aneducationalorganization.C.Acooperativefactory.17.WhendidthemanstartteachinginTeachChina?A.In2015.B.In2016.C.In2018.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhatmakesBeethoven’smusicspecialtothespeaker?A.Familyrelatedemotions.B.Pianorelatedpractices.C.Educationrelatedexperiences.19.WhydoesthespeakerlikeBeethoven’sSymphonyNo.6?A.Itispuretohim.B.Itissimpletohim.C.Itisinspiringtohim.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Hisloveforclassicalmusic.B.HisfavoriteBeethovenmusic.C.HisviewonBeethovenmusic.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWashingtonD.C.ishometoover70museums,including19freeSmithsonianmuseumsandgalleries.Witheachmuseumboastingnumerousmustseeexhibits,tryingtochoosewheretostartcanbeachallenge.Here,we’vebrokendownafewexhibitsingtoD.C.in2024youwanttomakesureyoucatch:TheNationalMuseumofWomenintheArtsTheNMWAhasastunningexhibitioncalled“InFocus:ArtistsatWork”thathighlightsthepracticesandperspectivesofeightcontemporarycollectionartistsviashortdocumentarystylevideos.Inadditiontootherinterestingexhibits,thismuseumisamustvisitin2024!Monet:TheImmersiveExperienceInthismultisensorywonderland,Monet’svividmasterpiecesarebroughttolifethrough360°digitalprojectionsoftheFrenchartist’siconicpiecesandhisimpressionistbrushstrokes(笔画).FamousworkslikeTheWaterLilyPond,Poppies,Sunrise,andmorewillturnaroundtheroom,pletelycaptivatingyouasyouwanderabouttheopenspace,orsitandtakeitallin.HirshhornMuseum:OSGEMEOS:ENDLESSSTORYThe“OSGEMEOS:ENDLESSSTORY”exhibitwillbeoneofthelargestdisplaysoftheBrazilliantwinartists,GustavoandOtavioPandolfo.Theextremelyinterestingandinnovativeexhibitreflectstheartists’useofmodernstyleslikestreetgraffiti(涂鸦)andurbanart,conveyedusingmediumslikewoodandcanvas.TheRubellMuseum’sAlexandreDiop:JoobaJubba,l’ArtduDefiItfeaturestheworkofFrancoSangaleseViennabasedartistAlexandreDiop.Theworkisinspiredbyconceptslikecolonialismandmigrationandtheirimpactonthemeslikeancestry,tradition,andsuffering.1.HowdoestheartelivelytoaudienceinMonet:TheImmersiveExperience?A.Bydocumentarystylevideos. B.Bydigitalprojections.C.Bymodernstyles. D.Bylifelikeartwork.2.Whichissuitableforakidfondofdrawingoncanvasandstreetgraffiti?A.TheNationalMuseumofWomenintheArts.B.Monet:TheImmersiveExperience.C.HirshhornMuseum:OSGEMEOS:ENDLESSSTORY.D.TheRubellMuseum’sAlexandreDiop:JoobaJubba,I’ArtduDefi.3.WhatcanvisitorslearnfromtheworkinAlexandreDiop?A.Perspectivesofartists. B.Impressionistmasterpieces.C.Streetgraffitiandurbanart. D.Theinfluenceofhistoryonart.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章列出了2024年将在华盛顿举行的一些展览。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Monet:TheImmersiveExperience中的“Inthismultisensorywonderland,Monet’svividmasterpiecesarebroughttolifethrough360°digitalprojectionsoftheFrenchartist’siconicpiecesandhisimpressionistbrushstrokes(笔画).(在这个多感官的仙境中，通过360°数字投影，法国艺术家的标志性作品和他的印象派笔触，莫奈生动的杰作栩栩如生。)”因此，可知艺术通过技术变得生动起来，观众可以身临其境地感受艺术的魅力。即通过数字投影。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HirshhornMuseum:OSGEMEOS:ENDLESSSTORY中的“Theextremelyinterestingandinnovativeexhibitreflectstheartists’useofmodernstyleslikestreetgraffiti(涂鸦)andurbanart,conveyedusingmediumslikewoodandcanvas.(这个非常有趣和创新的展览反映了艺术家们对现代风格的使用，比如街头涂鸦和城市艺术，用木头和帆布等媒介来传达。)”可知这个非常适合喜欢在画布上画画和街头涂鸦的孩子。因此，选项C是这个孩子的最佳选择。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据TheRubellMuseum’sAlexandreDiop:JoobaJubba,l’ArtduDefi中的“ItfeaturestheworkofFrancoSangaleseViennabasedartistAlexandreDiop.Theworkisinspiredbyconceptslikecolonialismandmigrationandtheirimpactonthemeslikeancestry,tradition,andsuffering.(它的特色是维也纳艺术家亚历山大·迪奥普(AlexandreDiop)的作品。作品的灵感来自殖民主义和移民等概念，以及它们对祖先、传统和苦难等主题的影响。)”因此，参观者可以从AlexandreDiop的作品中了解到历史对艺术的影响，故选D。BTheschoolslocatedintheEastEndofHouston,Texas,servesomeofthepoorest,mostatriskstudentsintheHoustonIndependentSchoolDistrict.Likemanyurbanareas,Houston’sEastEndisa“fooddesert,”wherefresh,affordableproduceishardtofind,whileunhealthyfoodsfromconveniencestoresandfastfoodrestaurantsarewidelyavailable.Thebinationofurbanpollutionandunhealthyfoodshaveledtodiabetes(糖尿病),obesity,andassociatedillnessesintheEastEnd.Throughayouthled“GreenAmbassador”programrootedintheenvironmentaleducationcurriculumofProjectLearningTree(PLT),studentsfromEastEndschoolsareaimingtochangetheirneighborhood.TheirgoalistotransformtheirmunityfromafooddeserttoafoodforestthatcansupplytheEastEnd’sresidentswithfresh,naturalfoodswhilealsoprovidingfoodandshelterforwildlife.They’replantingonefruittreeandonemunitygardenatatime,linkingtheirschoolsandneighborhoodstoformaHoustonEastEndGreenbelt.EmersonHernandez,astudentatFurrHighSchool,joinedtheschool’sPLTGreenSchools’GreenTeaminninthgrade.TheprogramsparkedapassiontoworkwithhisclassmatesandotherparticipatingGreenSchoolstotransformhismunityintoathrivinggreencorridor.“ThroughPLTyou’reencouragingpeopletotakeaction,todosomethingfortheirneighborhood.Andwhileyou’redoingit,you’relearningallkindsofotherthings—math,socialstudies,history,science,andwriting,”saysHernandez.Theyhaveplantedmorethan200treesallovertheEastEndofHouston,createdandtendedmorethan200vegetablegardenbedsinthemunity,andraisedapproximately3,000poundsofsweetpotatoes,andothervegetablesthathavebeendonatedtoareafoodbanks.“Emersonissuchaphenomenalyoungleader,”saysTamberlyConway,DiversityandInclusionSpecialistattheU.S.ForestService.“Hecanspeaktoadultsandpeersalike.He’sbeenanincrediblerolemodel.Hispassionandloveshinethrough.”4.Howdoestheauthorbeginthepassage?A.Bygivinganexample. B.Bydescribingascene.C.Bypresentingtheproblem. D.Byparingphenomena.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutstudentsfromEastEndschools?A.Theydonatefoodstothemunity.B.Theybinecurriculumstudywithlabor.C.Theyfounded“GreenAmbassador”program.D.Theyappealformunitywildlifeprotection.6.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeEmerson?A.Thoughtfulandgifted. B.Curiousandaggressive.C.Pioneeringandcreative. D.Responsibleandenthusiastic.7.Whatisthemainideaoftheparagraph4?A.Donationraisedbystudents. B.Students’achievementsinmunity.C.Students’extracurricularperformance. D.Students’appealforcropproduction.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了休斯顿东区学校的“绿色大使”项目。该项目旨在改变东区作为“食物沙漠”的现状，通过种植果树和社区菜园，为居民提供新鲜自然的食物，并为野生动物提供食物和栖息地。【4题详解】推理判断题。作者在第一段“TheschoolslocatedintheEastEndofHouston,Texas,servesomeofthepoorest,mostatriskstudentsintheHoustonIndependentSchoolDistrict.Likemanyurbanareas,Houston’sEastEndisa“fooddesert,”wherefresh,affordableproduceishardtofind,whileunhealthyfoodsfromconveniencestoresandfastfoodrestaurantsarewidelyavailable.Thebinationofurbanpollutionandunhealthyfoodshaveledtodiabetes(糖尿病),obesity,andassociatedillnessesintheEastEnd.(这些学校位于德克萨斯州休斯顿东区，为休斯顿独立学区一些最贫困、最危险的学生提供服务。像许多城市地区一样，休斯顿东区是一个“食物沙漠”，在那里很难找到新鲜的、负担得起的农产品，而便利店和快餐店里的不健康食品却随处可见。在东区，城市污染和不健康食品的结合导致了糖尿病、肥胖和相关疾病)”中描述了休斯顿东区面临的食物短缺和健康问题，进而引出下文“Throughayouthled“GreenAmbassador”programrootedintheenvironmentaleducationcurriculumofProjectLearningTree(PLT),studentsfromEastEndschoolsareaimingtochangetheirneighborhood.(通过一个由青年主导的“绿色大使”项目，该项目植根于“学习树项目”的环境教育课程，来自伦敦东区学校的学生们旨在改变他们的社区)”对“绿色大使”项目的介绍。由此可知，作者是通过展示问题的方式来开始这篇文章。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“TheprogramsparkedapassiontoworkwithhisclassmatesandotherparticipatingGreenSchoolstotransformhismunityintoathrivinggreencorridor.“ThroughPLTyou’reencouragingpeopletotakeaction,todosomethingfortheirneighborhood.Andwhileyou’redoingit,you’relearningallkindsofotherthings—math,socialstudies,history,science,andwriting,”saysHernandez.(这个项目激发了他与同学和其他参与绿色学校的人一起工作的热情，把他的社区变成了一个繁荣的绿色走廊。“通过PLT，你鼓励人们采取行动，为他们的社区做点什么。当你这样做的时候，你会学到各种各样的其他东西——数学、社会研究、历史、科学和写作，”埃尔南德斯说)”和第四段中“Theyhaveplantedmorethan200treesallovertheEastEndofHouston,createdandtendedmorethan200vegetablegardenbedsinthemunity,andraisedapproximately3,000poundsofsweetpotatoes,andothervegetablesthathavebeendonatedtoareafoodbanks.(他们在休斯顿东区种植了200多棵树，在社区里创建和照料了200多个蔬菜园床，并筹集了大约3000磅的红薯和其他蔬菜，这些蔬菜已经捐赠给了地区食品银行)”可知，伦敦东区绿色学校学生把课程学习和劳动结合了起来。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第段中“EmersonHernandez,astudentatFurrHighSchool,joinedtheschool’sPLTGreenSchools’GreenTeaminninthgrade.TheprogramsparkedapassiontoworkwithhisclassmatesandotherparticipatingGreenSchoolstotransformhismunityintoathrivinggreencorridor.(EmersonHernandez是Furr高中的一名学生，他在九年级时加入了学校的PLTGreenSchools绿色团队。这个项目激发了他与同学和其他参与绿色学校的人一起工作的热情，把他的社区变成了一个繁荣的绿色走廊)”和最后一段中““Emersonissuchaphenomenalyoungleader,”saysTamberlyConway,DiversityandInclusionSpecialistattheU.S.ForestService.“Hecanspeaktoadultsandpeersalike.He’sbeenanincrediblerolemodel.Hispassionandloveshinethrough.”(“艾默生是一位杰出的年轻领导者，”美国林业局的多元化和包容性专家坦伯利·康威说。“他可以与成年人和同龄人交谈。他是一个不可思议的榜样。他的激情和爱闪耀着光芒。”)”可推知，Emerson是年轻的领导者，是一个有责任心和激情的人。故选D项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Theyhaveplantedmorethan200treesallovertheEastEndofHouston,createdandtendedmorethan200vegetablegardenbedsinthemunity,andraisedapproximately3,000poundsofsweetpotatoes,andothervegetablesthathavebeendonatedtoareafoodbanks.(他们在休斯顿东区种植了200多棵树，在社区里创建和照料了200多个蔬菜园床，并筹集了大约3000磅的红薯和其他蔬菜，这些蔬菜已经捐赠给了地区食品银行)”可知，第四段主要介绍了学生们在社区所取得的成就。故选B项。CManypeopleassumetoday’seasylongdistancecollaboration(合作)shouldreleaseafloodofcreativescientificresearch—but,strangely,anewstudysuggeststheoppositemaybetrue.Severalreasonshavebeensuggestedforanapparentslowdowninnewresearchideas,butitseemsremotecollaborationitselfmaybealimitingfactor.ForarecentstudyinNature,UniversityofPittsburghsocialscientistLingfeiWuandhiscolleaguesfoundthatteamscollaboratingremotelyproducefewerbreakthroughs.Theresearchersanalyzed20millionresearchpaperspublishedbetween1960and2020andfourmillionpatentsfiledbetween1976and2020toassesshow“disruptive”theywerebyanalyzingquotations.Highlydisruptivestudieswerethosethatputearlierworktoshameandopennewavenuesofresearch;articlesthatquotethemusuallydon’talsoquoteearlierstudiestheybuildon.Lessdisruptivestudiesbuildonpreviouswork,andarticlesquotingthemtypicallyalsoquotepriorstudies.Theresearchersfoundthatasthedistancebetweenauthors’workplacesincreasesfromzerotoatleast600kilometers,theirpapers’beingdisruptivefallsbyroughlyaquarter.Toinvestigatewhy,Wuandhisteamanalyzedresearchers’selfreportedroles.Theyfoundthatthoseworkingtogetherinpersonweremorelikelytofocusonconceptualtasks—thekindofworklikelytoproducenewideas.Researcherscollaboratingremotelyweremorelikelytodotechnicalworksuchasdataanalysis.Theteamalsofoundthatwhenresearchersweregatheringinperson,evenbigdifferencesbetweenindividuals’quotationnumbershadlittleeffectonthelikelihoodoftheircollaboratingonconceptualwork.Butinremoteteams,thechancesofresearchersjointlyproducingideasdeclinedwhenonehadsignificantlymorequotationsthantheother.Thefindingschallengetheassumptionthatmerelyconnectingpeopleonlineleadstothegrowthofnewideas.Intheory,remotecollaborationenablesmorenewbinationsofknowledge.However,ifnewinnovationisencouraged,peopleshouldbebroughttogetherinsteadofrelyingondigitalinfrastructure(基础设施).”8.Whatdoestheunderlined“disruptive”meaninparagraph3?A.Creative. B.Destructive. C.Unique. D.Representative.9.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlyprove?A.Inpersoncollaborationbringsabouttechnicalwork.B.Longdistancecollaborationdoesn’tbenefitnewideas.C.Longdistancecollaborationisofgreatimportance.D.Inpersoncollaborationisbetterthanlongdistanceone.10.Inremoteteams,newideasmayoccuratleastwhen______.A.onlineindividualscontributetothediscussionB.equipmentforremotecollaborationisavailableC.individuals’quotationsinbothsidesareequalD.researchers’quotationsdiffergreatlyinnumber11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Researcherscollaborateremotelytobemorecreative.B.Scientistscollaboratebetterwhentheyarefartherapart.C.Scientistsinnovatemorewhileworkingtogetherinperson.D.Researchersmakebreakthroughswithdigitalinfrastructure.【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究发现远程合作不利于科学创新，面对面合作更能催生新思想。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据下文“thatputearlierworktoshameandopennewavenuesofresearch(让早期的工作黯然失色，并开辟了新的研究途径的研究)”可知，highlydisruptive的研究是那些使早期工作黯然失色并开辟新的研究途径的研究，因此disruptive的意思是“创新性的，颠覆性的”。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Theresearchersfoundthatasthedistancebetweenauthors’workplacesincreasesfromzerotoatleast600kilometers,theirpapers’beingdisruptivefallsbyroughlyaquarter.(研究人员发现，随着作者工作地点之间的距离从0增加到至少600公里，他们论文的创造性降低了大约四分之一。)”可知，随着作者工作地点之间的距离增加，他们的论文具有创造性的可能性降低，这表明长距离合作不利于新思想的产生。因此，该段主要证明了远距离合作对新思想没有好处。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Butinremoteteams,thechancesofresearchersjointlyproducingideasdeclinedwhenonehadsignificantlymorequotationsthantheother.(但在远程团队中，当一个人的引用次数明显多于另一个人时，研究人员共同提出想法的机会就会下降。)”可知，在远程合作中，如果一方的引用数量显著高于另一方，那么他们共同产生新思想的机会就会大幅下降。因此，至少当两边的引用数量相等时，或许才可能促进新思想的产生。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了面对面合作更能催生新思想，而远程合作则不利于新思想的产生。因此，最适合的标题是“科学家们面对面合作时更能创新”。故选C。DWillfulignoranceexistsinlargeamountindailylife.Peopleregularlylooktheotherwayratherthanexaminingtheconsequencesoftheiractions.Despiteplentyofscientificevidenceforclimatechange,forinstance,manypeoplestillavoidengagingwithfactsaboutglobalwarming.Wewantedtounderstandhowmonwillfulignoranceisandwhypeopleengageinit.Aftercollectingdatafrommultipleresearchprojectsthatinvolvedmorethan6,000individuals,wediscoveredthatwillfulignoranceismonandharmful,with40percentofpeoplechoosing“nottoknow”theconsequencesoftheiractionstofreethemselvesofguiltwhilemaximizingtheirowngains.Butwealsofoundthatabout40percentofpeopleareunselfish:ratherthanavoidinginformationabouttheconsequencesoftheiractions,theyseekitouttoincreasethebenefitstoothers.Intheexperiments,thedecisionsweremadeinoneoftwosettings.Inthetransparent(透明的)setting,decisionmakershadinformationabouthowtheirchoicewouldaffectthemselvesandtheirpartner.Inanambiguous(模糊的)setting,decisionmakersknewhowtheirchoicewouldmatterforthemselvesbutnotfortheirteammate—althoughtheycouldrequestthatinsight.Theoverallbalancetippedtowardselfishnesswhenparticipantshadtheoptiontoavoidinformation.Only39percentofpeopleintheambiguoussettingmadethechoicethatultimatelybenefitedtheirpartner—asignificantdropfrom55percentinthetransparentcondition.Ifwecanavoidputtingastrongmoralemphasisondecisions,itmaymakepeoplefeellessthreatenedand,asaresult,belesswillfullyignorant.Otherresearchgroupshavefoundpromisingwaystodothis.Forinstance,wecouldencouragepeopletothinkmorepositivelyaboutgooddeedsratherthanguilttripthemforwhattheyhavefailedtodo.Highlightingrecentglobalachievements,suchashealingtheozone(臭氧)layer,caninspirepeopletokeepupthegoodworkratherthanfeelinglikethebattleislostandthatthesituationishopeless.Inshort,wecanencourageoneanotherandourselvestowardmoreselflessandgenerousactions.12.Whydosomepeoplechoosenottoknowtheconsequencesoftheiractions?A.Tomakeeasierchoicestobeagoodperson.B.Toincreasetheirownbenefitsmorethanothers’.C.Toavoidtheinfluenceofconsequencesonactions.D.Togetthemostbenefitswithoutasenseofshame.13.Howcanwillfulignorancebeprevented?A.Byfocusinglessonitsmorality. B.Bystressingitspotentialthreat.C.Bybeingmorepositiveaboutoneself. D.Bygettingpeopleawareoftheiractions.14.Whichpartofthemagazineisthepassagetakenfrom?A.Culture. B.Environment. C.Psychology. D.Biology.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thereasonforwillfulignorance.B.Theresultsofwillfulignorance.C.Theharmfuleffectsofwillfulignorance.D.Theinfluenceofwillfulignoranceonenvironment.【答案】12D13.A14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了故意无知(willfulignorance)的现象，即人们选择不去了解某些信息以避免对自己行为后果的负罪感，并追求个人利益的最大化。研究发现，有些人故意无知事实以逃避罪恶感，而有些人则积极寻求信息以增加对他人的益处。文章提出通过改变道德框架来减少故意无知的发生，并鼓励人们采取更无私和慷慨的行动。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“wediscoveredthatwillfulignoranceismonandharmful,with40percentofpeoplechoosing“nottoknow”theconsequencesoftheiractionstofreethemselvesofguiltwhilemaximizingtheirowngains.

(我们发现，故意的无知是常见且有害的，40%的人选择“不知道”他们行为的后果，以释放自己的罪恶感，同时最大化自己的利益。)”可知，有些人选择“不知道”他们行为的后果是为了逃避罪恶感，同时最大化自己的利益。因此，他们选择不知道是为了获得最大的利益而不感到羞耻。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Ifwecanavoidputtingastrongmoralemphasisondecisions,itmaymakepeoplefeellessthreatenedand,asaresult,belesswillfullyignorant.

(如果我们能够避免在决策中强调强烈的道德，它可能会使人们感到较少的威胁，从而减少故意无知。)”可知，减少道德上的强调或压力可以帮助防止有意无知即通过减少对其道德的关注可以防止有意无知。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Willfulignoranceexistsinlargeamountindailylife.Peopleregularlylooktheotherwayratherthanexaminingtheconsequencesoftheiractions.(在日常生活中大量存在着故意无知。人们经常睁一只眼闭一只眼，而不去审视自己行为的后果。)”以及通读全文可知，文章介绍的是故意无知的心理现象，即人们选择不去了解某些信息以避免对自己行为后果的负罪感，并追求个人利益的最大化。因此，文章很可能来自心理学杂志。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Willfulignoranceexistsinlargeamountindailylife.Peopleregularlylooktheotherwayratherthanexaminingtheconsequencesoftheiractions.(在日常生活中大量存在着故意无知。人们经常睁一只眼闭一只眼，而不去审视自己行为的后果。)”可知，文章介绍的是故意无知的心理现象；同时根据第二段“wediscoveredthatwillfulignoranceismonandharmful,with40percentofpeoplechoosing“nottoknow”theconsequencesoftheiractionstofreethemselvesofguiltwhilemaximizingtheirowngains.

(我们发现，故意的无知是常见且有害的，40%的人选择“不知道”他们行为的后果，以释放自己的罪恶感，同时最大化自己的利益。)”可知，有些人选择“故意无知”的行为是为了逃避罪恶感，同时最大化自己的利益，即揭示了“故意无知”产生的原因；同时，根据倒数第二段中“Ifwecanavoidputtingastrongmoralemphasisondecisions,itmaymakepeoplefeellessthreatenedand,asaresult,belesswillfullyignorant.

(如果我们能够避免在决策中强调强烈的道德，它可能会使人们感到较少的威胁，从而减少故意无知。)”可知，此处指出如何通过改变道德框架来预防故意无知。因此，文章的主要内容是介绍关于故意无知的心理现象，及其形成原因。A选项“Thereasonforwillfulignorance.(故意无知的原因。)”概括文章内容，符合标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Timemanagementcanhelpyoustandoutinyourstudies,shineatwork,andfeellessstressed.Buthowcanyoumanageyourroutineeffectively?It’sactuallyeasierthanyou’dthink.Byteachingyouafewsimpletricks,we’llshowyouhowtotransformyourtimemanagementskills.___16___Beforebeginningyourworkloadfortheday,prioritize.Todolistsareagreattool,butorganizethemalittleratherthanjustwritingdowneverythingthatneedstogetdone.Listtasksundereachcategory.Forexample,ifyouneedtofinishareportforwork,thatwouldbeanurgenttask.Ifyouneedtobeginanotherworkproject,butthedeadlineisnotforanothertwoweeks,thatwouldbean“important,butnoturgent”task.___17___Donotmultitask.Manypeopleassumemultitaskingisagreatwaytogetmoredoneandmanagetimewisely.However,focusingonmultipletasksactuallymakesyoulessproductive.Thingswilltakelongertodo,asyou’renotgivinganythingyourfullattention.Focuspletelyononetaskatatimeinstead.___18___Createtherightenvironmenttowork.Aworkenvironmentcanhelpwithyouroverallproductivity.Therearenostrictrulesaboutaworkenvironment,sopickwhatfeelsrightforyou.___19___Thesefeelingswillhelpyoustayontaskandbeproductive.Forexample,aparticularartistmayinspireyou.Investinafewoftheirpaintingsandhangtheseuponyourwalls.Avoidinterruptionsasmuchaspossible.Interruptionsdisruptyourworkflow.Ifyou’reinthemiddleofataskandstoptodosomethingelse,itcanbehardtogetbackintoworkmode.Whenyou’reworkingonatask,trytopleteitbeforedoingsomethingelse.Forexample,ifyourealizeyouneedtoreturnanemailwhileyou’reinthemiddleofsomethingelse,donotstoptoreturntheemail.___20___A.Doimportanttasksfirst.B.Listyourtasksintermsofimportance.C.Instead,setitdownsomewhereandgettoitafteryoufinishthetaskathand.D.Youwillgetyourworkdonequickerthisway,allowingyoutomakethemostofyourtime.E.Surroundyourselfwithinspiringdecorationsthathelpyoufeelenthusiasticandpassionate.F.Ifyouwouldliketogoforarunafterwork,butit’snotvital,thatwouldbea“lowpriority”task.G.Doyourbesttoavoidinterruptions,butdonotbeatyourselfupovertheoccasionaldistractionatwork.【答案】16.B17.F18.D19.E20.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于进行时间管理的一些技巧。16题详解】空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Beforebeginningyourworkloadfortheday,prioritize.Todolistsareagreattool,butorganizethemalittleratherthanjustwritingdowneverythingthatneedstogetdone.Listtasksundereachcategory.(在开始一天的工作之前，要分清轻重缓急。待办事项清单是一个很好的工具，但要稍微组织一下，而不是把所有需要完成的事情都写下来。在每个类别下列出任务。)”可知本段讲述我们需要对任务进行某种形式的分类或排序。后文举例通过按重要性对任务进行排序，我们可以更清晰地了解哪些任务需要优先处理，哪些可以稍后处理，从而更有效地管理时间。选项B“按重要性列出你的任务。”最能综合概括主旨，是最佳标题。故选B。【17题详解】根据上文“Forexample,ifyouneedtofinishareportforwork,thatwouldbeanurgenttask.Ifyouneedtobeginanotherworkproject,butthedeadlineisnotforanothertwoweeks,thatwouldbean“important,butnoturgent”task.(例如，如果你需要完成一份工作报告，那将是一个紧急任务。如果你需要开始另一个工作项目，但截止日期还不到两周，那就是一个“重要但不紧急”的任务。)”可知前文提到了分类任务的重要性，并给出了两个例子：一个紧急任务和一个重要但不紧急的任务。接下来，此处应该继续对任务进行分类的说明，选项F“如果你下班后想去跑步，但不是很重要，那就是“低优先级”的任务。”正好与前文关于任务分类的论述相呼应。故选F。【18题详解】根据小标题“不要同时处理多个任务”，可知本段也强调了专注和单一任务处理的重要性。选项D“这样你会更快地完成工作，让你充分利用时间。”正好是对这一观点的补充和解释。它说明了专注处理单一任务能够带来的好处，即提高工作效率和时间利用率。故选D。【19题详解】根据上文“Aworkenvironmentcanhelpwithyouroverallproductivity.Therearenostrictrulesaboutaworkenvironment,sopickwhatfeelsrightforyou.(工作环境可以提高你的整体效率。工作环境没有严格的规定，所以选择适合你的。)”可知创造有利于工作的环境是提升效率的一个重要方面。选项E“让自己周围充满鼓舞人心的装饰，让你感到热情和激情。”正是关于如何创造这样一个环境的建议，而且照应空后的指示代词these(feelings)。故选E。【20题详解】根据上文“Interruptionsdisruptyourworkflow.Ifyou’reinthemiddleofataskandstoptodosomethingelse,itcanbehardtogetbackintoworkmode.Whenyou’reworkingonatask,trytopleteitbeforedoingsomethingelse.Forexample,ifyourealizeyouneedtoreturnanemailwhileyou’reinthemiddleofsomethingelse,donotstoptoreturntheemail.(干扰会打乱你的工作流程。如果你正在做一项任务，然后停下来做其他事情，那么你就很难再回到工作模式了。当你在做一项任务时，试着在做其他事情之前完成它。例如，如果你意识到你在处理其他事情的时候需要回一封电子邮件，不要停下来回邮件。)”可知本段强调了避免中断的重要性，因此选项C“相反，把它放在某个地方，完成手头的任务后再去做。”与前文内容相符，提出了一个具体的避免中断的方法，即先将中断事项记下，待当前任务完成后再去处理。故选C。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I’vebeenacollegeprofessorteachingpeoplehowtothinkmorecreativelyandusemoreoftheirbrainpower.____21____,thislifetimepassionwasawakenedbyacasualcontestinmychildhood.Atapicnicofmyfather’spany,theyheldcontestsforkids—whothrewaclothhandkerchiefthefarthestthistime.I,13yearsold,wasfullofthespiritof____22____,soIthrewmyselfintothecontest,which,Irealizenow,wasnotmeantto____23____realskills,butsimplyforlaughs.Butitstirredmy____24____ofthinkingoutsidethebox.Itdisturbedmetoseethekidsthrowing____25____whenthehandkerchiefalwaysopenedandstopped.The____26____wasnottothrowharderbuttopreventtheclothfrom____27____.SupposeIhidarockintheclothwithouttyingit.Therockwoulddrivetheclothatleast____28____thantheothers,andwhentheyseparated,peoplemightnotnoticeasmallrock____29____nearby.Ihadagoodchanceof_____30_____it,butIdidn’twanttowinbycheating.SoIhadtomakethehandkerchiefflylikearock.Likearock!Thatwasit!I_____31_____tiedknot(结)afterknotuntilitwasthesizeofalargewalnut(核桃),likeastrong_____32_____.Ithrewhard,andtheballedhandkerchiefrocketedoff60feetaway.A