湖南省长沙市零诊暨高三摸底测试英语试题（原卷版）

2025届湖南省长沙市零诊暨毕业班摸底测试英语试题考试时间：120分钟试题总分：150分注意事项1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、班级、学校在答题卡上填写清楚。2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试卷上作答无效。3.考试结束后，请将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABeautifulGuatemalaisalandrichindiversityandculturalheritage.Whetheryouhopetosummitavolcano,hikethroughthejungleorexploreancientruins,Guatemalawillnotdisappoint.TikalNationalParkTikalNationalParkisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteandoneofthemostfamousplacesinGuatemala.Tikalcoversanestimated46miles(around74km)andisoneofthemostextraordinaryarchaeologicalsitesinCentralAmerica.Itishere,centuriesago,thattheancientMayancivilisationboomed.Chichicastenango“Chichi,”asit’sknownbythelocalKichepopulation,hoststhelargestmarketinCentralAmerica.ThetownesaliveonThursdaysandSundayswhenvendors(小贩)efromsurroundingareastodisplaytheirgoods.Themarketburstswithvariedcoloursandalivelyatmosphere,stockingeverythingfromvividlycoloredclothtotraditionalcarvedwoodenmasks.GuatemalaCityBrightlygraffitied(涂鸦)wallslinethebusystreetsinGuatemalaCitywhereyou’llfindtrendystores,relaxingbars,anddiverseartgalleries.MakesuretocheckoutLaEsquina,anindoorfoodmarketwithsomeofthebestfoodstallsinthecity.TheMuseoPopolVuhisaleadingmuseumintheworldofMayanart.HereyouwillbeabletospendacoupleofhoursappreciatingtheincredibleandprehensivecollectionofMayanaswellascolonialart.AcatenangoVolcanoVolcanoAcatenangotowersalmost4,000metresabovethesurroundinglandscapejustoutsideAntigua.Thehiketothesummitofthisvolcanoisoneofthetoughest,yetmostpopular,inGuatemala.Notonlywillyougettoappreciatethebreathtakingviews,butyouwillalsohaveabird’seyeviewofthenearby(andextremelyactive)VolcanFuego.1.What’sthebestchoiceforsomeoneinterestedinMayanhistory?A.TikalNationalPark. B.Chichicastenango.C.GuatemalaCity. D.AcatenangoVolcano.2.WhatdoweknowaboutGuatemalaCity?A.IthoststhelargestmarketinCentralAmerica.BItisaperfectdestinationforartlovers.C.Youcanbuyvividclothandmasksthere.D.MuseoPopolVuhisagreatfoodmarket.3.WhatisspecialaboutAcatenangoVolcano?A.AbirdviewofGuatemalaCity.B.ThehighesttowerinGuatemala.C.Thehiketothevolcanosummit.D.Itisanextremelyactivevolcano.BMs.McIntyre,38,workedasapublisher.Shesufferedbraincancerandherhealthgotworsedespitesomemedicaltreatment.Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsurancetohelppayforhermedicalcare.ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancerfacetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleasshepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichismittedtoworkingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.Thegroupcanpayoffmedicalbillsforabout100timeslessmoneythantheycost.Inotherwords,forevery100donated,thegroupcanpayoff10,000inunpaidmedicalbills.Unfortunately,Ms.McIntyrepassedawaybeforelong.Mr.GregorypostedamessageforMs.McIntyreonhersocialmediaaccounts.“Ifyou’rereadingthis,Ihavepassedaway,”thepostbegan.Thenthepostexplained,“Tocelebratemylife,I’vearrangedtobuyupothers’medicaldebtsandthendestroythedebts.”Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.Mr.GregoryplannedaspecialeventinDecembertocelebrateMs.McIntyre’slifeandtoannouncehowmanymillionsofdollarsofmedicaldebtshereffortshadpaidfor.4.WhydidMs.McIntyrefeelluckierthansomeotherpeople?A.Thedoctorseventuallycuredher.B.Herdiseasedidn’tbeeworse.C.Shehadsecurityaboutmedicalcare.D.Shehadadecentjobbeforebeingill.5.HowdidMs.McIntyreandherhusbandhelpothers?A.Bypayingfortheirdailydebts.B.Bygivingawaymoneytothem.C.Bypurchasingmedicalinsuranceforthem.DByriddingthemofdebtsfromtreatments.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thecouple’santicipation. B.Thepublicinvolvement.C.Theoperationofawebsite. D.Theincreaseofmedicaldebts.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMs.McIntyre?A.Influentialandunderstanding. B.Humorousandelegant.C.Cautiousandpromising. D.Enthusiasticandadaptable.CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghighqualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspentonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.8.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills. B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems. D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clearup. B.Addon. C.Checkin. D.Takeover.10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels. B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples. D.Historicalanalyses.11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded. B.Remendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects. D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.DInmanylanguages,thewordfor“mother/mom”takesanmsound.Isthereanyreasonforsuchnearuniversality?Linguists(语言学家)generallyarguefor“thearbitrarinessofthesign”:noconnectionexistsbetweentheworddogandthefurryquadruped.Arareexceptionisonomatopoeia,wherewordsrepresentingthebarkofadog(bowwow)andthebuzzmadebyabeearemoreorlesssimilartothesound.Yetmostthingsarenotsubjecttonamingthisway.Whataboutmama?Itdoesnotsoundlikeamother,butthefactisthatsomesoundsaremorewidespreadthanothersaroundtheworld.Therearemanydozensofobservedconsonantswhicharerareandhardfornonnativestolearn.Incontrast,afew—suchasb,m,p,t,dandk—showupfarmorefrequently,innearlyeveryspokenlanguageintheworld.Thatisalmostcertainlybecausetheyareeasytomake.Ababyvocalisingwill,atfirst,makeavowellikesound,usuallysomethinglike“ah”,whichrequireslittleinthewayofcontroloverthemouth.Iftheybrieflyclosetheirmouthandcontinuevocalising,airwilleoutoftheirnose,thusmakingthemsoundthatisusedin“mother”aroundtheworld.Thoughthe“mamas”bearthemostobvioussimilarity,the“papas”havestrikingmonalities,too.Babiescaneasilystoptheirbreathwhentheyclosetheirlips(ratherthangoingonbreathingthroughthenose).Thisproducesaborapsound.Itissurelyforthisreasonthatsomanynamesfor“father”usetheseconsonants:papainEnglish,abbinArabicandbabainMandarin.Tanddsoundsaresimilarlybasic,involvingasimpletapofthetongueagainsttheteeth:hencedaddy,tatay(Tagalog)ortayta(Quechua).Fatherandmotherare,therefore,anoddity.Fisnotespeciallyeasytoutter(发音);thsoundsareevenharder.English,GreekandSpanishareunusualinhavingthem.EvenAnglophonechildrenmaystrugglewiththsoundswhentheyarefive,orolderstillinmanycases.Anyway,itishardtofindlinguisticuniversalsamidtheworld’sdazzlingvariety.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“quadruped”inParagraph2mostprobablyreferto?A.Pronunciation B.Sound C.Bee D.Animal13.“Mamas”and“papas”areusedsouniversallybecause________.A.thesoundsofthetwowordssoundalikeB.airwilleoutofbaby’smouthdirectlyC.thesoundscanbeeasilyandnaturallyutteredD.babiescancontinuetheirbreathwhenclosingtheirlips14.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwordsmightbethemostdifficulttoarticulate?A.Forthing. B.Programme. C.Magnificent. D.Magazine.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Inspirationfrombabies’smileandtalks.B.Linguists’effortstotheresearchofsounds.C.Connectionbetweenthewordmumanddad.D.Reasonsforsimilarsoundsinunrelatedlanguages.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AEuropeanstreettodaymaysmelllikecoffee,freshbakedbreadandcigarettes.___16___?HistoriansandscientistsacrossEuropehavenowgottentogetherwithperfumers(香水制造者)andmuseumsforauniqueprojectcalled“Odeuropa”—tocapturewhatEuropesmelledlikebetweenthe16thandearly20thcenturies.Tosuccessfullyfinishthisthreeyearlongproject,theresearchersneedtofindalltheoldscentsofEuropeandevenrecreatesomeofthisancientsmellscape.Todothis,theywillfirstbuildartificialintelligencethatwillbetrainedtoscanhistoricaltexts,writteninsevendifferentlanguages,foranydescriptionsofsmells.___17___.The“Encyclopedia(百科全书)ofSmellHeritage”willincludethemeaningofcertainscentsandwilltracethestoriesbehindscents,placesandolfactory(嗅觉的)practices.___18___,enablingfuturegenerationstoaccessandlearnaboutthescentedpast.___19___,suchasdoctors.Inthepast,herbswereoftenusedbyEuropeandoctorstohealthesick.Theysmellspecialandtheirscentsshouldbeincludedintheencyclopedia.Butjustashistoryisfilledwithinterestingandpleasantsmells,it’salsofilledwithstinky(非常难闻的)ones.“Ifinditparticularlyinterestingtomaketheaudienceknowaboutawholerangeofscentssuchasastinkycanal,”saidCaroVerbeek,ascenthistorianandmemberoftheOdeuropateam.“Itwillmakeusmoreawareofhowwerelatetosmelltodayandhowdifferentlysmellswereappreciatedinthepast.Withcurrenttechnology,almosteveryscentcanbeproduced.___20___.Peoplehaven’talwaystalkedorwrittenaboutthem.”A.ItexpressedalongingforthecountrysidelifeB.ButwhatdiditsmelllikehundredsofyearsagoC.WhyisitfilledwithinterestingandpleasantsmellsD.ItwillbeearecordforthesmellheritageofEuropeE.ThemoredifficultpartoftheprojectwillbetofinddescriptionsofscentsF.TheencyclopediawillalsoincludedescriptionsofpeopleforwhomsmellwasimportantG.TheteamwillthenusetheinformationtocreateanencyclopediaofsmellsfromEurope’spast第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。HaveyoueverheardofandseenCanadiangeese?Doyouknowthatthey___21___freshgrassandseeds?Canadiangeesehaveagood___22___fortheirpoliteness.Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby.However,Ihaverecentlyfoundthattheycansometimesbe___23___totheirpeers,especiallyonoccasionswhentheyquarrelforfood——yes,these___24___gentlemendoquarrel,justforsomethingtoeatYesterdayIwitnessedtwoCanadianGeesearguing___25___foraclump(草丛)ofbeautifulfreshgrass.Theclumpwas___26___rightinthemiddleofthem,whilethetwowereshoutingnoisily,stretchingtheirnecksaslongastheycouldtolookaggressivelyateachother.It’s___27___towitnessthe“impolite”sideofCanadiangeese.Hence,Icouldn’thelp___28___mymorningwalk,standingstilltowatchthese“gentlemen”quarreling.Interestingly,afterashortwhile,atruckroaredpasttheirfeast,disturbingtheir___29___conversation.Thetwogeesewereequally___30___bythemassive“monster”,thusgivinguptheirconversation.Wouldtheystartquarrelingagain?Istoodstill,___31___theridiculousquestionandwaited.Beyondmyexpectation,rightafterthetruck’spassingby,thetwogeeseimmediatelylosttheir___32___forquarrelingasiftheyhadforgottenallaboutwhathadhappened.Eventhetwoturnedaroundandleftthe___33___inoppositedirectionsasifnothinghadhappened.Theyleftonlymethere,imaginingwhatmighthavehappenedwithoutthe___34___.Theygotalongharmoniouslyagain.Sometimesit’snotthatbadtobe___35___.21A.drawon B.focuson C.feedon D.tryon22.A.desire B.reputation C.affection D.appetite23.A.generous B.faithful C.weird D.rude24.A.wellinformed B.welldressed C.wellbehaved D.wellbalanced25.A.fiercely B.blindly C.cautiously D.gently26.A.deserted B.located C.fixed D.laid27.A.frequent B.rare C.mon D.constant28.A.restricting B.changing C.pausing D.speeding29.A.desperate B.simple C.serious D.disharmonious30.A.frightened B.annoyed C.crashed D.injured31.A.findingout B.dealingwith C.lookinginto D.wonderingabout32A.passion B.reason C.talent D.anxiety33.A.scene B.destination C.landscape D.park34.A.lookeron B.passerby C.truck D.clump35.A.upset B.forgetful C.mean D.greedy第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Despitestrictlawsandheavyfines,trafficinGreecestillremainsdangerous.Thisisparticularlythecaseinlargecities____36____trafficisgreatlyaffectedbymanyfactors.HereissomeadvicefordriversinGreece.Roadplanningis____37____(enormous)plex(复杂的)inlargeGreekcities.Therearemanydangerousjunctions(交叉路口).Athensisknown____38____themostdifficultcityfordrivers.Itishardtofindtherightway,sonewdriversmayeasilyget____39____(confuse)there.Inmanylargecities,driverscanfeelthelackofusualroadsigns.Suchsignsas“windingroad”arequiterare.When____40____(approach)acrossroads,driversshouldalwaysslowdown.Crossroads____41____(equip)withtrafficlightsareanotherdangerousplace.Donotstartmovingimmediatelyafterthegreenlightappears.Parkingspaceshouldbeselectedwith____42____(careful).Driversshouldalsoconsiderthatparking____43____(prevent)inthecentralpartofsomelargecities.Roadsinthecountryarethemostterribleroadsforforeigndrivers.Inspiteofthespeedlimitof80km/h,localdriversrarelymoveat____44____speedbelow120km/h.Whilemoving,driversarenotallowed_____45_____(speak)onthephoneastheyneedtomonitortrafficandotherdrivers.第四部分写作（共两节,满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，近日参加了学校的创意手工作品展，外籍笔友David对你的作品很感兴趣。请用英语给他写封邮件，介绍你的作品及感受。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearDavid,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________YoursLiHua第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ImetGunteronacold,wetandunforgettableeveninginSeptember.IhadplannedtoflytoViennaandtakeabustoPragueforaconference.Duetoabigstorm,myflighthadbeendelayedbyanhourandahalf.ItoucheddowninViennajust30minutesbeforethedepartureofthelastbustoPrague.ThemomentIgotofftheplane,Iranlikecrazythroughtheairportbuildingandjumpedintothefirsttaxiontherankwithoutasecondthought.ThatwaswhenImetGunter.ItoldhimwhereIwasgoing,buthesaidhehadn'theardofthebusstation.Ithoughtmypronunciationwastheproblem,soIexplainedagainmoreslowly,buthestilllookedconfused.WhenIwasabouttogiveup,Gunterfishedouthislittlephoneandrangupafriend.Aftera