尼泊尔2023世行企业调查实施报告（英文）

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TheNepal2023WorldBankEnterpriseSurveyImplementationReport

I.Introduction

ThisdocumentprovidesinformationontheWorldBankEnterpriseSurveys(WBES)implementedinNepalbetweenMay2023andAugust2023.TheWBEScollectbothobjectivedatabasedonfirms’day-to-dayexperiences,andperceptionsofenterprisesregardingthebusinessenvironmentinwhichtheyoperate.TheWBEScurrentlycoverover195,000firmsin155countrieswithatotalofmorethan300surveyssince2006.TheWBESarealsousedtobuildapanelofenterprisedatathatwillmakeitpossibletotrackchangesinthebusinessenvironmentovertime.1

Thisreportdescribesthesamplingdesignofthesurvey,thedatasetstructureaswellasadditionalinformationthatmaybeusefulwhenusingthedata,suchasinformationonsurveynon-responseandtheappropriateuseofthesamplingweights.

II.SamplingStructure

TheWBESusestratifiedrandomsampling,wherethepopulationofestablishmentsisfirstseparatedintonon-overlappinggroups,calledstrata,andthenrespondentsareselectedthroughsimplerandomsamplingfromeachstratum.ThedetailedmethodologyisprovidedintheSamplingNote.2Stratifiedrandomsamplinghasseveraladvantagesoversimplerandomsampling.Inparticular,it:

•producesunbiasedestimatesofthewholepopulationoruniverseofinference,aswellasatthelevelsofstratification

•ensuresrepresentativenessbyincludingobservationsinallofthosecategories

•producesmorepreciseestimatesforagivensamplesizeorbudgetallocation,and

•mayreduceimplementationcostsbysplittingthepopulationintoconvenientsubdivisions.

TheWBEStypicallyusethreelevelsofstratification:industryclassification,establishmentsize,andsubnationalregion(usedincombination).Startingin2022,theWBESbasestheindustryclassificationonISICRev.4(withearliersurveysusingISICRev.3.1).3Forregionalcoveragewithinacountry,theWBEShasnationalcoverage.

1A“panelinterview”referstoaninterviewwithabusinessthatwasalsointerviewedinthepreviousWBES.

2TheSamplingNoteisavailableat:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodology/Sampling_Note-

Consolidated-2-16-22.pdf.

Forfurthermethodologicalbackgroundsee,RichardL.Scheaffer;Mendenhall,W.;

Lyman,R.,“ElementarySurveySampling”,FifthEdition,1996.

3TheWBESuniverseincludes:allmanufacturing(ISIC4.0codes10-32),services(ISIC4.0codes33,41-43,45-47,49-56,58,61,62,69-75,79,95).DetailsonsectoralcoverageandtheWBESuniverseofinferencecanbefoundintheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide(p.4).

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II.1StratificationCategories

TheNepal2023WBESusesthefollowingstratificationcategories:

•Industry:4categories:

•Manufacturing

•Withinservices:Retail,Hotels,andOtherServices

•Size:3categories:Small(5to19employees),Medium(20to99employees),Large(100ormoreemployees)

•Region:3categories:Central,West,East

Alltheestablishmentsactiveinthemanufacturingsectorwerestratifiedinthesamecategory,namely‘Manufacturing’.AccordingtothemostrecentavailableNationalEconomicCensusinNepal(dating2018),themanufacturingsectorcovers27%ofthewholeWBESuniverseintermsofnumberofestablishments.

Thestratafortheservicessectorwereselectedbycontributiontothetotalnumberofestablishments,usingtheinputsfromtheNationalEconomicCensus.Thesectorsstratifiedseparatelyrepresent47%ofthetotalnumberofestablishmentsintheservicessector(36%retailand11%hotels),and34%ofthewholeWBESuniverse.

RegionstrataoftheNepal2023WBESwereselectedbasedonadministrativedivisions,withsometerritoriesgroupedtogethertoachievetheminimumrequiredprecisionofestimatesatthelevelofeachstratificationregion.Morespecifically,basedonthedistributionofestablishmentsasreportedintheNepalEconomicSurvey2018andtoensuretherepresentationofenterprisesfromall7administrativeprovincesofNepal,16citiesfromall3geographicmacro-regions(Central,West,East)wereselectedtoperformtheblockenumerationthatgeneratedthelistingusedassamplingframeforthesurvey.WestNepalincludedthecitiesofBirendranagar,Butwal,Dhangadhi,Nepalgunj,andPokhara;CentralNepalincludedBanepa,Bhaktapur,Bharatpur,Birgunj,Hetauda,Kathmandu,Lalitpur,andSimara;EastNepalincludedBhadrapur,Biratnagar,andItahari.

II.2Universe

Theuniverseofinferenceincludesallformal(i.e.,registered)privatesectorbusinesses(withatleast1%privateownership)andwithatleastfiveemployees.Intermsofsectoralcriteria,allmanufacturingbusinesses(ISICRev4.codes10-33)areeligible;forservicesbusinesses,thosecorrespondingtotheISICRev4codes41-43,45-47,49-53,55-56,58,61-62,69-75,79,and95areincludedintheEnterpriseSurveys.CooperativesandcollectivesareexcludedfromtheEnterpriseSurveys.Alleligibleestablishmentsmustberegisteredwiththeregistrationagency.InthecaseofNepal,thismeantbeingregisteredwiththeInlandRevenueDepartment,Nepali.e.,havingaPAN/VATnumber.Theuniversetableisthetotalnumberofeligibleestablishments,andthetableispartitionedbythestratificationgroups(industryclassification,establishmentsize,andsubnationalregion)inacountry.

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FortheNepal2023WBES,theuniversetable,showninTable1below,wasobtainedfromtheNationalEconomicCensus2018.4Theaggregatetablesfromthecensusposedthefollowingchallenges:thenumberofregisteredestablishmentswithfiveormoreemployeeswasnotdisaggregatedbyregionoftheWBES;thesub-sectors‘Retail’and‘Wholesale’werelumpedtogetherwhiletheindustrycategoryintheWBESincludesonly‘Retail’;thesectors‘Accommodation’and‘FoodServices’werelumpedtogetherwhileonlytheactivity‘Hotels’issingledoutfortheWBES.Inordertoestimatethenumberofregisteredestablishmentswith5ormoreworkersbyregionandoftheWBES,thedistributionofalltheestablishmentsbyregionandthedistributionofalltheestablishmentsbysizewereemployedtoestimatethejointdistribution.InordertoestimatethenumberofestablishmentsforthesectorsthataresingledoutintheWBES(‘Retail’and‘Hotels’)butlumpedtogetherwithothersectorsintheCensus,datafromtheblockenumeration2023isemployed(refertothenextparagraphfordetailsonblockenumeration).

II.3SamplingFrame

TheWBESrequiresthemostcompleteandup-to-dateSamplingFrame,thelistofeligibleestablishmentswithinformationonindustryclassification,size,addressandothercontactinformationthatwillbeusedtorandomlyselectthesample.IncountrieswhereapreviousroundoftheWBESexists,theSamplingFramealsoincludesthePanelSamplingFrame,whichprovidesinformationaboutalltheestablishmentsthatparticipatedinthepreviousroundoftheWBESinthecountry.

Becauseoftheabsenceofreliableofficialorsecondarysources,theSamplingFramefortheNepal2023WBESwasconstructedfromablockenumerationexercise(seecountsofestablishmentsintheframeinTable2)andfrominformationgeneratedinthemostrecentpreviousEnterpriseSurveyperformedinNepal.Morespecifically,thePanelSamplingFramewasconstructedusinginformationonalltheestablishmentsthatparticipatedintheNepal2013WBES.TheFreshSamplingFrame,i.e.,thelistofestablishmentsthatareintheWBESuniverseandthathavenotparticipatedintheNepal2013WBESwasobtainedviablockenumerationforallthesectors.BasedontheNepalEconomicSurvey2018andtoensurerepresentationofenterprisesfromall7provincesofNepal,16citiesfromall3geographicregionscoveredintheWBES(East,CentralandWest)wereselected.WesternNepalincludedBirendranagar,Butwal,Dhangadhi,Nepalgunj,andPokhara;CentralNepalincludedBanepa,Bhaktapur,Bharatpur,Birgunj,Hetauda,Kathmandu,Lalitpur,andSimara;EasternNepalincludedBhadrapur,Biratnagar,andItahari.Thesecitiesweredividedintolargeclustersbasedonthesmallestadministrativeunitalsoknownaswards.Awardisthesmallestadministrativeunitinacityorvillage.Atotalof334clustersorwardswereidentifiedinthefirststageoftheblockcreationprocess.Then,eachselectedcitywasdividedinto“blocks”usingGoogleEarthPro.Theaerialmapswithwardboundarieswereusedforthispurpose.Allthedenselypopulatedwardsweredividedintoseveralblocksfortheeaseofthelistingprocess.However,incasesofsmallclusterswithlowdensity(offirmsorenterprises),

4RefertoTables111andsubsequenttablesavailableontheNepalCBSwebsite:

.np/national-

economic-census-2018-national-profile-2/

and

.np/wp-content/upLoads/2020/09/National-Economic-

Census-2018National-Profile-No.-2-Tables.xlsx

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theentireclusterwastreatedasablock.Theblocksdemarcatedandidentifiedwerethenclassifiedintothefollowingstrata:industrial(anareacharacterizedbyahighconcentrationofindustries),commercial(highconcentrationoftradinghousesandretailcenters/marketalongwithservice-orientedenterpriseslikehotels,restaurants,andservicecenters),mixed(mixofresidentialandcommercialentitieswithinthesameblock),residential(highconcentrationofhomes/domesticresidences),andoutofsample(areasdeemedunsuitableforthepurposesofthesurvey:forests,parks,agriculturalfields,airports,governmentbuildings,etc.).Apartfromtheaerialmapswhichmadeiteasiertoidentifydenselypopulatedblocks,industrialblocks,andout-of-sampleblocks,theinformationgainedfromlocalknowledge(includingtheinformationfromlocalnetworksofthecontractor,presentinthevariouscities),andthedatafromtheNepalEconomicCensusof2018wereusedtotriangulatetheinformationrequiredtoclassifytheblocksintovariousstrata.Theeconomiccensusdatahadinformationonthetotalnumberofenterprises(vs.households)ineachwardacrossNepal.Thishelpedthecoreteamtovalidateandconfirmwhetherornotablockhadbeencorrectlydesignatedasresidential,commercial,mixed,orout-of-sample.Forinstance,someofthewardsthatshowedanegligiblenumberofenterpriseswerecorrectlyvalidatedasbeingoutofsample.Oncetheblockswerecreated,eachblockwasgivenauniquecode/IDandwaslisted.Fromthelistedblocks,atotalof205blockswasrandomlyselectedforthelistingexercise.Inordertoensurethatasufficientnumberofmediumandlargemanufacturingfirmswerelisted,theIndustrialareasandthecommercialareasofeachcitywerepurposefullyselectedforthelistingexercisetoensurethatthenumberofenterpriseslistedwasadequateforsamplingpurposes.Aftertheblockstobelistedwerefinalized,theenumeratorsassignedtothoseblocksconductedthelistingexerciseconsideringtheeligibilityrequirementsfortheenterprisestoparticipateinthesurvey.Theblockenumerationresultedinalistingof5,251establishments.

ForeveryWBES,necessarymeasuresaretakentoensurethequalityoftheframe;althoughthesampleframesarenotimmunetothetypicalproblemsfoundinestablishmentsurveys(positiveratesofnon-eligibility,repetition,non-existentunits,etc.),theseareverylimitedintheNepalWBES2023becauseoftheshorttimebetweentheblockenumerationandtheimplementationofthesurvey.Giventheimpactthatnon-eligibleunitsincludedinthesampleuniversemayhaveontheresults,eligibilityadjustmentsmaybeneededwhencomputingtheappropriatesamplingweightsforindividualobservations(ifandonlyiftheweightsarecomputedfromthesamplingframethatisalsotheuniverse).Table4reportsresponseoutcomes.

II.4SampleDesign

TheWBESsampledesign,i.e.,targetnumberofinterviewsineachcombinationofstratificationcategories(cells),isgeneratedusingthetwoprimarycriteria:1)minimizethedifferencefromthepurelyproportionalsamplewithineachcell;and2)achieveasufficientsamplesizebystratificationcategorytoallowforestimatesofagivenlevelofprecision.5Additionalinformationonthecriteriafordeterminingthesamplesizebystratificationcategoryisgivenin

5Additionalconstraintsarealsoconsideredinthedesignstage.Thesearegenerallypracticalandinclude,forexample,havingasufficientnumberofavailablecontactsinthesample.

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theSamplingNote,andadditionalinformationonthesampledesignisgivenintheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide.6TheoriginalsurveydesignfortheNepal2023WBESisgiveninTable3.

III.DataCollection

ThedetailedinformationontheWBESmethodologyanddatacollectionisprovidedintheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide.TheinterviewsfortheNepal2023WBESwereconductedbetweenMay2023andAugust2023.TheinterviewswereconductedinNepali.Formonetaryvariables,thecurrencywasNepaleserupee.

Apartfromthechallengeswithparticipationandcall-backsthatarestandardforallsurveys,theNepal2023WBESfacedchallengesinterviewingpanelfirmsduetothefactthatthepreviousWBESinNepalwasrunin2013.Thehotandhumidweathermadeitdifficultfortheinterviewerstotravelfromonelocationtoanother.Thefieldworkwasputonholdforaweek,allowingtheteammemberstorestduringtheheatwave(duringmid-June2023,especiallyintheTerairegion).

III.1Questionnaire

ThestandardWBESquestionnairecoversseveraltopicsregardingthebusinessenvironmentandbusinessperformance.Thesetopicsincludegeneralfirmcharacteristics,infrastructure,salesandsupplies,managementpractices,competition,innovation,capacity,landandpermits,finance,business-governmentrelations,exposuretobribery,labor,andperformance.InformationaboutthegeneralstructureofthequestionnaireisavailableintheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide.

ThequestionnaireimplementedintheNepal2023WBESincludedadditionalquestionstailoredfortheBusinessReadyReportcoveringinfrastructure,trade,governmentregulations,finance,andlabor.

III.2Contractor

ThefieldworkfortheNepal2023WBESwasimplementedbySolutionsConsultantPvt.Ltd.TheselectionfortheimplementingagencyfollowedthestandardWorldBankprocurementpracticesthataredescribedinmoredetailintheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide.

III.3Samplingandscreening

SamplesaredrawnbytheEnterpriseSurveysteaminbatches,followingthestratificationandsampledesign.ThecontractorconductedathoroughscreeningprocessbeforeschedulingtheWBESinterviews.ResultsofthescreeningareprovidedusingtheeligibilityandstatuscodesaslistedinTable4.Incasesofunitnon-response(eitherarefusaloraninabilitytoobtainaninterviewafterexhaustiveattempts),thecontractorproceededwiththecontactthatappearednextinthelist

6TheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuideisavailableat:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodology/Enterprise-Surveys-

Manual-and-Guide.pdf

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drawnintherespectivecell.TheprocessofsamplingandscreeningisdescribedinmoredetailintheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuide.

III.4Surveyresponse

Inallsurveys,includingtheWBES,somerespondentschoosenottoparticipate.TheEnterpriseAnalysisteamandthecontractortakeallnecessarymeasurestoboostparticipation,throughvariousmethodsofrecruitment.Thepropermanagementofthescreeningprocessandsamplereplacementensuresthattheresultingsampleremainsrandom.

Themainmeasureofsurveyparticipationistheyield,whichistheratioofthetotalnumberofachievedinterviewstothetotalnumberofcontactedestablishments.Therearetwomainelementsthatboostyields.Firstisthesurveyparticipationrate,measuredastheshareofestablishmentsthatparticipatedamongthosethatcanbeassumedtohavebeeneligible.Thesecondelementisthequalityoftheframe.Ifonlyasmallfractionofthecontactedestablishmentsisactuallyeligibletoparticipateinthesurvey,thenthesamplingframeisfarfromideal.ThisqualityismeasuredbytheratioofthetotalnumberofestablishmentsthatcanbeassumedtobeeligiblefortheWBESwiththetotalnumberofcontactedestablishmentsintheframe.Inotherwords:

yield=surveyresponserate*Rateofqualityoftheframe

whichcanrewrittenasfollows:

Table5providesthesemeasuresfortheNepal2023WBESandacrossitsstratificationlevels.

III.5AchievedSample

Tables6and7providecountoftheWBESinterviewscollectedforeachstratificationcell,i.e.,brokendownbyindustry,establishmentsize,andregion.Table6reportsfullsample,whileTable7showscountsofonlypanelinterviews.

III.6SamplingWeights

SincetheWBESusesstratifiedrandomsampling,individualobservationsshouldbeproperlyweightedwhenmakinginferencesaboutthepopulation,sinceunweightedestimatesarebiasedunlesssamplesizesareproportionaltothesizeofeachstratum.ForeachWBES,specialcareisgiventocorrectlycomputesamplingweights.WhenevertheUniverseisusedtodrawthesample(i.e.,SamplingFrameisthesameastheUniverse)itisimperativetoaccuratelyadjusttheuniversewithineachstratumtoaccountforthepresenceofineligibleestablishments(e.g.,thefirmdiscontinuedbusinesses,orisdeemedineligibleduetoitsbusinessactivityorhavingfewerthanfiveemployees).Propertreatmentofpanelestablishmentsisalsocrucial.DetailsabouthowtheWBESsamplingweightsarecalculatedaregivenintheSamplingNote.

Threeversionsofsamplingweightsarecalculated,dependingontheassumptionsthatdetermineeligibilityofestablishmentstobecountedtowardstheWBESuniverse.These

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assumptionsarecalledweak,medium,andstrong;andaredefinedasgiveninthetablebelow.PrevalenceofeachoftheseoutcomesfortheNepal2023WBESisgiveninTable4.AllindicatorsandanalysisconductedbytheEnterpriseSurveysteamusethesamplingweightsbasedonthemedianassumption.Tables8-10reportestimatetheuniversebasedontherespectiveassumption.

Assumption

EligibilitycodesforinclusionintheWBESuniverse

Strict

1,2,3,4,16

Median

1,2,3,4,16,10,11,13

Weak

1,2,3,4,16,10,11,13,91,92,93,94,12

Fordescriptionsofeacheligibilitycode,seeTable4.

III.7Itemresponserates

Itemresponseratemustbedifferentiatedfromsurveyresponserates.Thelatterreferstoparticipationinthesurveyitself(seeSectionIII.4)whereastheformerreferstotheabsenceofresponsestospecificsurveyquestions.7TheWBES,asanysurvey,sufferfromitemnon-response;anddifferentstrategiesareusedbythedatacollectionteamtoaddressthis.Inparticular:

•Forsensitivequestions,suchasoncorruptionortaxevasion,enumeratorswereinstructedtocollecttherefusaltorespond(-8)asaseparateresponsecategoryfromdon’tknow(-9).

•Establishmentswithincompleteinformationwerere-contactedtofillgaps.

Table11providesitemresponseratesforseveralkeyvariables,brokendownacrossthestratificationlevels.

III.8DatabaseStructure

TheWBESdatafilesareorganizedinwaysthatreflectthecorrespondingquestionnaire.Thevariablesthatarestandardacrosscountrieshavethefirstletterintheirnamecorrespondtothequestionnairesectionwherethevariablebelongsinthequestionnaire,i.e.,a1denotessectionA.Allvariablesarenumericwiththeexceptionofthosevariableswithan“x”attheendoftheirnames.Thesuffix“x”denotesthatthevariableisalpha-numeric.

TheWBESdatafilescontaintwoestablishmentidentifiers,idstdandid.Theformerisaglobaluniqueidentifierofeachestablishment,whilethelatterisuniqueidentifierwithineachsurvey.ThevariableidstdcanbeusedtomatchtheWBESestablishmentone-to-oneacrossdatabases.Thevariableswweak,wmedian,andwstrongcorrespondingtosamplingweightsbasedon,respectively,weak,median,andstrongassumptionsabouteligibility(seeSectionIII.6).Thevariablestratacorrespondstothestratumofeachobservation.8

Additionally,theWBESdatafilescontainmanystandardvariables.Thevariabled1a2_v4denotesthemainactivityoftheestablishment,asobtainedduringtheWBESinterview,codedin

7TheWBESquestionnaireisorganizedsothatthereisalwayssomeentryinthedatabasewhenthequestionwas

posed.Anemptyentrymeansthatthequestionwasnotaskedtothecorrespondingrespondent,typically,duetoskippatterns,orlackofapplicabilityofthatquestioningeneral.

8Notethatthesamplingweightsmayvarywithinstrataforpanelestablishmentsduetotheprocedureusedforprojectingtheuniversefromthepreviousroundofthesurvey.

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thefour-digitISICRev.4.UsersshouldnotethatthisactivitymaydifferfromtheindustryclassificationgivenintheSamplingFrame,a4a.Usersaregenerallyadvisedtouseindustrycategoriesbasedontherealizedinformationind1a2_v4.Additionalsamplinginformationiscontainedinvariablesa2(region)anda6a(size).Thevariablepanelidentifiespanelestablishments,i.e.,thosethatparticipatedintheNepal2013WBES.Thecombinationofa4a,a2,a6a,andpanelformsstratumofeachestablishment,whichiscontainedinvariablestrata.

Thelastcompletefiscalyearforeachestablishmentiscontainedinvariablesa20m(lastmonthoflastcompletefiscalyear)anda20y(lastcompletefiscalyear).Notably,allthevariablesreferringtoyearormonthwereaskedfollowingtheNepalicalendarbuttransformedintoGregoriancalendartopreserveconsistencywiththeglobalWBESdataset.

NotethatwhenanentryintheWBESdatabaseisempty,thismeansthatthequestionwasnotaskedtothecorrespondingrespondent.Thishappenswhenthequestionisdeemedinapplicable,duetoskippatternsorotherreasons.Incaseswhenthequestionwasposed,someentryisprovided,includingdon'tknow,whichisanexampleofitemnon-response.

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IV.UsefulLinks

TheusersoftheWBESdatamayfindthefollowinglinksuseful:

•SamplingNoteisavailableat:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodolog

y/Sampling_Note-Consolidated-2-16-22.pdf

•TheEnterpriseSurveysManualandGuideisavailableat:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodolog

y/Enterprise-Surveys-Manual-and-Guide.pdf

•TheWBESglobalquestionnairesareavailableat:

/en/methodology

•TheprojectsthatarecurrentlybeingimplementedbytheEnterpriseSurveysteamareavailableat:

/en/current-projects

•ThelistofallWBESdatabasesanddetailedinformationabouteachisavailablehere:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodolog

y/DataDetails.xls

•ThedescriptionoftheWBESindicatorsisavailableat:

/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/Indicator-

Description.pdf

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FactSheet

SourceofUniverseTable

TheuniverseestimatewasobtainedfromtheNepal

NationalEconomicCensus2018.Theresultsfromthe

blockenumerationwereusedtocomputethedistributionoftheestablishmentsineachstrata.

SourceofSamplingFrame

BlockEnumeration

Stratificationsectors

Manufacturing,Retail,Hotels,andOtherServices

Stratificationsizes

Small(5to19employees),Medium(20to99employees),Large(100ormore)

Stratificationregions

Central,West,East

Contractor

SolutionsConsultantPvt.Ltd.

Fieldworkdates

May2023-August2023

Interviewlanguages

Nepali

Surveysoftware

SolutionsConsultantPvt.Ltd.

Currencyfornominalvariables

Nepaleserupee

Referencefiscalyear

2022

SampleSize

Total:582Fresh:380Panel:202

Surveyresponserates

Yield:71.1%Responserate:88.2%Framequality:81.8%

Itemresponserates

d2:99.7%n2a:99.5%l1:100%allTFPvars.:96.7%

Additionaltopicscoveredinthe

questionnaire

Additionalsurveysavailable(ifany)

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Tables

Table1:Nepal2023WBESUniverse

Manufacturing

Retail

Hotels

Otherservices

GrandTotal

Central

Small(5-19)

3498

4983

823

7361

20,079

Central

Medium(20-99)

1268

426

147

908

Central

Large(100+)

511

82

10

62

West

Small(5-19)

3957

4677

1890

6022

19,111

West

Medium(20-99)

925

303

285

828

West

Large(100+)

152

59

13

0

East

Small(5-19)

1918

2346

597

3632

9,912

East

Medium(20-99)

668

85

96

251

East

Large(100+)

281

38

0

0

13,178

12,999

3,861

19,064

49,102

Source:GrandTotalobtainedfromtheNepalEconomicCensus2018;distributionsbysector,size,andregionsestimatedusingblockenumeration.

Table2:Nepal2023WBESSampleFrame(FreshandPanelCombined)

Manufacturing

Retail

Hotels

Otherservices

GrandTotal

Central

Small(5-19)

595

446

260

1286

3,235

Central

Medium(20-99)

256

44

48

165

Central

Large(100+)

109

7

7

12

West

Small(5-19)

330

319

276

514

1,682

West

Medium(20-99)

92

20

41

69

West

Large(100+)

16

3

2

0

East

Small(5-19)

207

200

46

217

820

East

Medium(20-99)

77

8

7

21

East

Large(100+)

34

3

0

0

1,716

1,050

687

2,284

5,737

Source:PanelestablishmentsfromNepal2013WBESandBlockEnumerationconductedinBanepa,Bhadrapur,Bhaktapur,Bharatpur,Biratnagar,Birendranagar,Birgunj,Butwal,Dhangadi,Hetauda,Itahari,Kathmandu,Lalitpur,Nepalgunj,Pokhara,andSimarainMarchandApril2023.

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Table3:OriginalSurveyDesign(FreshandPanelCombined)

Manufacturing

Retail

Hotels

Otherservices

GrandTotal

Central

Small(5-19)

21

39

32

50

300

Central

Medium(20-99)

37

23

16

23

Central

Large(100+)

46

3

5

5

West

Small(5-19)

17

27

34

27

180

West

Medium(20-99)

29

7

14

14

West

Large(100+)

9

1

1

0

East

Small(5-19)

8

14

15

21

120

East

Medium(20-99)

30

4

3

10

East

Large(100+)

13

2

0

0

210

120

120

150

600

Table4:ResponseOutcomes

Totals

Ratesrelativetototalcontacted

Overall

Contactsavailableinframe

5,737

Issued

1,819

Contacted

807

Screeningphase

Eligibles

596

73.9%

Screenerrefusals

64

7.9%

Assumedeligibles

660

81.8%

Ineligible+outoftarget

110

13.6%

Unobtainable

37

4.6%

Interviewphase

Interviewrefusals

14

1.7%

(onlyifeligible)

Completeinterviews

582

72.1%

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Table5:SurveyYieldRates

Stratification

Yield

Survey

responserate

Framequality

Panel

Fresh

8