《课时把关练》英语选择性必修第四册RJUNIT 1 Part III Using Language含答案

UNIT1SCIENCEFICTION第课时把关练PartIIIUsingLanguage基础知识练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Iaskedmyniecetof（去拿来）ahandkerchiefformefrommylivingroom.2.Peoplewhoaredoingphysicall（劳动）herehavetowearleatherglovesbecauseitistoocold.3.Afterenteringtheroom，theoldmanlitthelampandbegantopaceb（向后）andforwards.4.Duringthenextfewmonthsinthecity，Ibegantoexperiencelifeatamaximump（速度）.5.Atnight，myniecewenttobedearlybecausethefueltolightthel（灯）wascostly.6.Thistestprovestherandomeffectmodeliss（更好的）tothefixedeffectmodel.7.Accordingtotherule，thepanelisselectedatr（随机的）fromtherepresentatives.8.It’scalculatedthat150peopleisthem（最大极限的）numberofmeaningfulconnectionsanyonecanhave.Ⅱ.用所给短语的适当形式填空conflictwith，besidethepoint，haveanurgeto，takeover，beadaptedinto，remind...of，ontheotherhand，prosandcons，superiorto，turnout1.Wasitin1948thattheGovernmenttherailwaysinGreatBritain?2.Theysatforhoursdebatingtheofsettinguptheirownfirm.3.Itcannotbequestionedthatthenewmethodistheoldone.4.ThefictionaTVseriesandbecameanationalhottopicforquitesometime.5.Myniece’sopinionsmineonwhichmajortochoose.6.Writeanoutlinebeforeyoustartwritingthearticle，oryouwouldeasilywritesomethingthatis.7.Shesimplywelcomedhimandhimthelastappointmenttheyhadmade.8.Ontheonehand，weshoulddevelopoureconomy；，weshouldprotecttheenvironment.9.ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhenIwasachildtobeveryusefullaterinmylife.10.Thevacationiscomingandmyniecetravelaroundthecountry.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1.Thegirl’smotherwasunabletokeeppacewithherdueillness.2.Sixty-fivemaybeoutofdateasthe（divide）linebetweenmiddleageandoldage.3.JustasIbentovertopickupthelever，themachine（explode）behindme.4.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveonlunch.5.Everyyear，makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.6.Intheafternoon，IaskedUnclePaulifIcouldtakeahorseride，andhesaidyes，aslongmydadwentwithme.7.Thesaleswoman（trick）outofherlifesavingsbecauseofgreedypersonality.8.Silk（handkerchief）embroideredbyhandsellwellintheWesternmarket.Ⅳ.练通句型【一句多译】1.他们突然意识到有人在瞧着他们。①Theysuddenly.（becomeawareof）②Theysuddenly.（becomeawarethat）2.他如此沉浸于书中以至于忽略了周围发生的一切。①Hewasthatwasgoingonaroundhim.（so...that）②Hewasthatwasgoingonaroundhim.（so...asto）3.有人建议天资好的孩子提前参加考试。①brightchildrenshouldtakeexamsearly.（suggest，宾语从句）②brightchildrenshouldtakeexamsearly.（suggest，主语从句）③brightchildrenshouldtakeexamsearly.（suggestion，表语从句）Ⅴ.微写作根据下列提示，介绍一下科幻小说《流浪地球》。要求80词左右。1.《流浪地球》是中国当代科幻作家刘慈欣的小说。（sciencefiction）2.它讲述了一个故事，即将消亡的太阳成为地球的主要威胁，人类拯救地球但并没有离开它。（athreatto）3.世界各地有强烈求生欲望的人们建造了一个巨大的引擎系统，把地球从即将消亡的太阳那里推开。（urge）4.《流浪地球》被认为是一部表现中国人与家园紧密联系的小说。（beregardedas）句型：“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________能力提升练VI.

课文语法填空SeveraloperationsstartedmyjourneyintheTimeMachine.“Howtimeflies!”canneverbetooappropriate1.（describe）thetimejourney.Thelaboratorywenthazyaroundmeandmyniece2.cameintofetchsomethingmovedlikearockettome.Nightanddayalternated3.（frequent）anditfeltlike4.（speed）alongawindingroad.Treesandbuildingsgrewanddisappearedinaninstant.It5.（estimate）thatItravelledattherateofhundredsofyearsperminute.IwasworriedthatiftheTimeMachinecameto6.stopandthesamespacewastakenupbysomethingelse，therewouldbeacrashand7.（explode）.ButIstillstoppedallofasuddenand8.（throw）outoftheTimeMachine，9.（sit）onthegroundbesideitintherain.Ijokinglyregardedit10.afriendlywelcometoatravellerwhohadtravelledthousandsofyearstobethere!

VII.

阅读理解ACanasmallgroupofdrones（无人机）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand，atthesametime，helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastruc-ture（基础设施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected，themorerailwaysafety，reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance，includingsendingmaintenancestaff，oftenatnight，toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastruc-ture.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies，dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrail-ways，detectingfaultsintherailorswitches，beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks，dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept：theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain，andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead，theycouldsignalanyproblem，sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.1.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines. B.Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones. D.Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.2.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety. B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair. D.Constructionofinfrastructure.3.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning. B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews. D.Toacceleratetransportation.4.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace D.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailwaysBInrecentyears，BostonDynamicshasbecomeknownfortwothings.Oneiscreatingrobotswhosemovementsmimic（模仿）humansandanimals.Manyfindtheiraccuracysurprisingandconcerning.Thesecondreasonispostingmysteriousvideosoftheserobotsonlinewithoutwarning.Thevideosquicklygopopularandspreadamixtureofexcitementandterrorovertherapidriseofself-operatingmachines.Thecompanyhasmadefour-leggedrobotsinrecentyears，withnameslikeSpot，WildCatandBigDog.Theserobotscandotaskssuchasopeningdoors，carryingheavyloadsandrunningnearly20milesperhour.Thecompany’smostpopularproductappearstobeAtlas，theroboticathlete.ItcallsAtlas“theworld’smostdynamichumanlikerobot”.Therobotisguidedby3Dvision.ItalsousesLiDAR，shortforLightDetectionAndRanging，asensor（传感器）thatusesalaser（激光）tomeasurethedistancebetweenobjects.Withthistechnology，thesmallrobotcanpullnearly25pounds.ThecompanysaysAtlascanalsohandleobjectsinitsenvironment，crossroughland，keepitsbalancewhenpushedandgetbackupwhenknockeddown.Threeyearsago，Atlaswasrecordedclumsilywalkingthroughthesnowataslowspeed.CuriosityaboutAtlasincreasedlastyearwhenBostonDynamicspostedavideocliponYouTube.Init，thepreviouslyawkwardrobotwentforajoginagrassyarea.Thevideoseemedtosurprisemanyviewers，includingthenewspapercalledDailyMail.ThenewspaperwasreportingonAtlas’sphysicalaccomplishmentatthetime.Thepaperwrote，“Ifyouthoughtyou’dbeabletorunawayfromtheterrifyingnewrobots，badnews.”5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Robotsmimickinghumansandanimalsgopopular.B.BostonDynamicsislikelytocreatemorenewrobots.C.Humanlikerobotsaredevelopingatasurprisingspeed.D.Anewvideoofthelatestrobotsmakespeopleamused.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“awkward”inParagraph4mean?A.Dangerous. B.Unskillful. C.Graceful. D.Convenient.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.It’sbadthatwecanrunawayfromthenewrobots.B.Peoplearehappyabouttheimprovementsofnewrobots.C.Humans’powerovermachinesandrobotshascometoanend.D.Improvementstorobotsraisedconcernamongushumans.8.Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Asciencemagazine. B.Anadvertisement.C.Children’sliterature. D.Afantasynovel.=8\*ROMANVIII.阅读理解七选五RobotfooddeliveryisbecomingmoreandmorepopularTherobotswerebeingtestedinlimitednumbersbeforethepandemicstarted.1HundredsoflittlerobotsarerollingaroundcollegesandcitiesintheUnitedStates，Britainandelsewhere.“Wesawdemandforrobotusagejustgothroughtheceiling，”saidAlastairWestgarth.HeistheheadofStarshipTechnologies，whoserobotsrecentlymadetheir2millionthdelivery.Starshiphasdeployed（部署）morethan1，000robots，upfromjust250in2019.2TheyareoperatinginMiltonKeynes，England；Modesto，California；andthecompany’shometownofTallinn，Estonia.Therobotsusecameras，sensorsandGPStomovearoundandevencrossstreetsontheirownatthespeedof8kilometersperhour.Operatorskeepwatchonseveralrobotsatatime，3Whenarobotarrives，peopleenteracodefromtheirphonestoopentherobotandgettheirfood.4Therobotshavetoberechargedregularly.Theyareslowandcannottravelfar.Theywillnotleavefoodatthedoor.DatacompanyNPDfoundthatU.S.fooddeliveryordersincreased66percentfortheyearendinginJune.Anddeliverydemandcouldremainhighevenafterthepandemic，5Itistherighttimeandplaceforcompaniesconcerningrobotstotestthemandlearnfromthemanddotheirownevaluations.A.Therearesomelimitationsfornow.B.Hundredsmorewillbesentoutsoon.C.Theyaredeliveringfoodat20U.S.colleges.D.becausepeoplehavegottenusedtotheservice.E.becauseasthetechnologygetsmorepopular，thecostswillgodown.F.buttheysaytheyrarelyneedtostopormovethemaroundabarrier.G.Butpandemic-relatedworkershortagesandadesireforcontactlessdeliveryhaveexpandedtheiruse.课时把关练PartIIIUsingLanguage参考答案Ⅰ.1.fetch2.labour3.backwards4.pace5.lamps6.superior7.random8.maximumⅡ.1.tookover2.prosandcons3.superiorto4.wasadaptedinto5.conflictedwith6.besidethepoint7.reminded，of8.ontheotherhand9.turnedout10.hasanurgetoⅢ.1.to句意：这个女孩的母亲因病无法跟上她的步伐。dueto因为。2.division句意：65岁作为中年与老年的分界线可能已经过时了。3.exploded句意：正当我弯腰捡操纵杆时，那台机器在我身后爆炸了。4.to句意：不知不觉一个小时过去了，到了该吃午饭的时间了。moveon（tosth.）开始做（别的事）。5.whoever句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，所以用whoever。6.as句意：下午，我问保罗叔叔我是否可以骑马，他说可以，只要我爸爸和我一起去。aslongas只要。7.wastricked句意：由于贪婪的性格，这位女售货员被骗走了一生的积蓄。tricksb.outofsth.从某人处骗走某物。8.handkerchiefs句意：手绣的丝制手帕在西方市场销路很好。handkerchief是可数名词，前面没有单数修饰语，所以用复数形式。handkerchief的复数形式为handkerchiefs。Ⅳ.1.①becameawareofpeoplelookingatthem②becameawarethatpeoplewerelookingatthembe/becomeawareof和be/becomeawarethat都是“意识到”的含义，of后接名词或动名词，that后接从句。2.①soabsorbedinthebookthatheignoredeverything②soabsorbedinthebookastoignoreeverythingso...that和so...asto这两个结构都是“如此……以至于……”的意思。that后接从句，asto后接动词原形。3.①Peoplesuggestthat②Itissuggestedthat③People’ssuggestionisthatsuggest作“建议”讲用在宾语从句和主语从句中时，从句要使用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的构成是“sb.shoulddosth.”，其中should可以省略。suggestion作主语用于表语从句中时，从句也使用虚拟语气，should也可省略。Ⅴ.微写作Onepossibleversion：TheWanderingEarthisanovelbyLiuCixin，China’scontemporarysciencefictionauthor.IttellsastoryinwhichthedyingSunbecomesamajorthreattotheEarth，butthehumanssavetheEarthwithoutleavingit.PeoplearoundtheworldwhohaveastrongurgetosurvivebuildahugeenginesystemtopushtheEarthawayfromthedyingSun.TheWanderingEarthisregardedasanovelshowingtightlinkbetweenChinesepeopleandtheirhomeland.VI.

1.todescribe句意：“时光飞逝！”用来形容这次时光旅程再合适不过了。canneverbetoo+adj.+todo再怎么样做也不为过，越……越好。2.who/that空格处引导定语从句，指人，并在从句中作主语，故用who/that。3.frequently副词修饰动词，故填frequently。4.speeding句意：……感觉就像是在蜿蜒的道路上加速行驶。feellike后接动名词作宾语，故填speeding。5.wasestimatedItisestimatedthat...据估计……it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。结合上下文时态可知，应用一般过去时。6.a此处是固定搭配，cometoastop停止。7.explosion冠词a后面应使用名词，explosionn.爆炸。8.wasthrown此处是说“我”被甩出时光机，主语I和throw之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；结合上下文时态可知，用一般过去时，故填wasthrown。9.sitting现在分词短语作伴随状语，故填sitting。10.as此处是固定搭配，regardsb./sth.as...将某人/某物看作……VII.

A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。工程师们正在研究一个新概念：未来的铁路无人机。配备了先进传感器和人工智能的小型无人机将在火车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行，可以像副驾驶员一样引导火车前进。1.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylines...”可知使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。A项中powerlines是electricallines的同义替换。2.C词义猜测题。根据后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance，includingsendingmaintenancestaff，oftenatnight，toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.”可知，花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspectandrepair（检查和维修）”，故选C。3.A细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“...detectingfaultsintherailorswitches，beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.”以及最后一句“...theycouldsignalanyproblem，sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.”可知，无人机在铁路引起任何安全问题之前可以检测其故障，作出预警，以便高速行驶的火车能及时做出反应。4.D标题归纳题。文章开头提出问题：一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？后文通过分段陈述，对这一问题作出了肯定回答。由此可知，文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项是最合适的标题。A项意为“用无人机能检测出什么故障”，B项意为“如何扩大无人机的生产”，C项意为“无人机发展将面临什么困难”。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以波士顿动力公司发明的机器人阿特拉斯为例介绍了类人机器人正以惊人的速度发展。5.C主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Oneiscreatingrobotswhosemovementsmimichumansandanimals...therapidriseofself-operatingmachines.”可知，本文（以波士顿动力公